In order to clarify the chemical constituents of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert, a systematically phytochemical investigation was carried out. The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH- 20, MCI gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were determined on the basis of MS, NMR spectroscopic analysis and/or comparison with literature data. Eleven lignans were isolated from the 85% ethanol extract of the stems of C. deserticola cultured in Tarim desert. Their structures were identified as (+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (+)-isoeucommin A (2), eucommin A (3), (+)-pinoresinol monomethylether β-D-glucoside (4), lariciresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), lariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), conicaoside (7), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol γ'-O-β-D-glucoside (9), citrusin A (10), and alaschanioside A (11). Compounds 1, 3-7, 10 and 11 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 2, 8 and 9 were obtained from this species for the first time.
Cistanche ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the epileptiform discharges and sleep structure in children with nocturnal epilepsy.

METHODSA total of 54 children with nocturnal epilepsy (NE group) between December 2009 and June 2011 were enrolled in this study using a cluster sampling method. Their epileptiform discharges and sleep structure were monitored using nocturnal 12 h-video-echoencephalography (EEG) and polysomnography. Meanwhile, 40 age- and gender-matched normal children were enrolled as the control group.

RESULTSAll the 54 children in the NE group suffered from epileptiform discharges and a varied number of clinical seizures, especially at S1 and S2 states. Compared with the control group, S1 and S2 states had significantly higher proportions in the NE group, and S3 and S4 states and REM state had significantly lower proportions (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEpileptiform discharges and clinical seizures are more common in children with nocturnal epilepsy, especially during the non-rapid eye movement sleep. Meanwhile, remarkably disordered sleep structure also exists.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Sleep ; physiology

To study the effect of the combined administration of different doses of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma on the proliferation of DFMO-treated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and p53, p21 mRNA and protein expressions, in order to define the molecular basis for the effect of the combined administration of different doses of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma on the cell proliferation. The effect of the drugs on the cell division rate and cell cycle of IEC-6 cells was detected by FCM. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the effect of the drugs on mRNA of p2l and p53 related to IEC-6 proliferation. Western blot was used to analyze the effect of the drugs on p2l and p53 protein expressions of IEC-6 cells. Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma could increase p53, p21 mRNA and proteins expression in DFMO-treated IEC-6 cells. The combined administration of different ratios of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma could significantly down-regulate Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma's effect on p53, p21 mRNA and proteins expression in DFMO-treated IEC-6 cells and promote the proliferation of IEC-6 cells. The combined administration of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma could down-regulate Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma's effect on DFMO-treated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6).
Animals ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo understand the distribution of chronic disease related behavior and lifestyle in adults from Beijing.

METHODS16,658 adult residents from Beijing city were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2005. Each participant was invited to receive a set of standardized questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory tests.

RESULTSIn the adults living in Beijing, 33.2% were overweight and 16.4% were obesive. The current smoking rate was 26.2% and the regular smoking rate was 21.4%. 57.7% of the male and 4.6% of the female adults were current smokers. In male adults, 64.3% drank alcoholic beverage at least once per month while 16.1% drank almost everyday, 16.5% drank more alcohol than moderate, and 18.5% were binge drinkers. 46.0% of Beijing adults were in lack of active physical exercise. Unhealthy dietary habits such as:excess consumption of sodium or oil, lower intake of vegetable, milk and soybean productions, skipping breakfast, fond of salted vegetable and fried food intake, as well as eating snacks etc. were quite commonly seen in the adults from Beijing. In addition, most of the risk factors had a higher prevalence in the suburban areas and population at working-age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rate of chronic risk factors was still high in adults of Beijing. Effective interventions should be carried out to prevent further worsening of the situation, especially in the suburban areas and people at working-age.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEITS2 of DNA barcoding was used to study genetic polymorphism of Platycodon grandiflorum.

METHODTotal genomic DNA was isolated from P. grandiflorum. PCR was used to amplified the region of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), and PCR products were sequenced. The sequences of ITS2 were analyzed and compared by Clustal. The intraspecies genetic distance was calculated based on Kimura 2-parameter model by using MEGA 5.05. The ITS2 sequence of Codonopsis pilosula was used as the outreach value for plants of the genus, and the phylogenic tree used constructed by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method.

RESULTThe K2-P's genetic distance of all samples were ranged from 0 to 0.930. The K2-P's genetic distance of samples at the same area were ranged from 0 to 0.178. The K2-P's genetic distance of samples at different areas were ranged from 0.735 to 0.930. The analytical result showed that the degree of genetic variation were heavy in intraspecies of P. grandiflorum and significantly correlated with geographical location.

CONCLUSIONThe DNA barcoding of ITS2 can applied to study the intraspecific genetic diversity, it provides a reference for further development of DNA barcoding technology applications.

China ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Platycodon ; classification ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and hair follicle regeneration.

METHODSPRP was prepared using the double-spin method and applied to DPCs. The proliferative effect of activated PRP on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. To understand the influence of activated PRP on the hair-inductive capacity of DPCs, freshly isolated epidermal cells and DPCs of passage 4 were resuspended, mixed with various concentrations of a PRP (0%, 5% or 10%) and were then transferred to a grafting chamber, which was implanted onto the dorsal skin of nude mice. The chambers were removed 1 week after grafting and HF formation was monitored for 4 weeks; the graft site was harvested and processed for histological examination.

RESULTSActivated PRP increased the proliferation benefited the aggregative growth of DPCs. There are significant difference in the yield of hair follicles compared with 10% PRP (344 +/- 27) with 0% PRP (288 +/- 35) in the area of reconstituted skin (P < 0.05). The areas treated with PRP demonstrated an increase in hair follicles density of 19.4%. Ten percent PRP (18 +/- 1) d also can significantly shorten the time of hair formation, compared with 0% PRP (20 +/- 1) d (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a considerable effect of PRP on the time of hair formation and the yield of hair follicles reconstitution.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; growth & development ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Regeneration ; Skin ; cytology ; Skin, Artificial

Objective:To explore the value of echocardiography for diagnosing infectious endocarditis (IE).Methods:A total of 487 patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) infection treated in our hospital from 2013-01 to 2015-06 were enrolled.Based on symptoms,blood culture and echocardiography,9 patients with suspected IE were further examined by 18F-FDG PET-CT to confirm their diagnosis and classification.Definitive therapy was conducted and the patients were followed-up for 1 year to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography on CIED induced IE.Results:3 patients were preliminarily diagnosed for bacteremia since no vegetation was found by echocardiography,while IE was finally diagnosed by PET-CT.2 patients were preliminarily diagnosed for IE by echocardiography presented valvular vegetation,while PET-CT showed no evidence of vegetation;then one of them was diagnosed as bacteremia by positive blood culture and another was diagnosed as non-infection.4 patients were preliminarily diagnosed for IE by echocardiography indicated existing vegetation after CIED lead extraction,while PET-CT demonstrated no infection sign in heart chamber and the finally diagnosed was as "non-infectious fibrous residual tissue".According to final diagnosis,definitive therapies were performed to specific patients with at least 1 year follow-up study,no one had new and recurrent infection.Conclusion:Echocardiography had deficiency for diagnosing vegetation in heart chamber especially in suspicious IE patients after CIED lead extraction.It is necessary to make accurate diagnosis with other method for guiding appropriate therapy.

Objective To analyze the impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels at hospital admission on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI).Methods 1067 patients with ASTEMI who were admitted to the 20 hospitals in Liaoning region and with lipid profile tested within the 24 hours of admission from May 2009 until May 2010,were enrolled.Data on basic demographic,clinical,status on admission and method of treatment were collected.Rate on various medical use and MACCE (cardiovascular death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,revascularization and stoke) were compared between the two groups through follow-up observation.Cox proportional hazard analysis was estimation.Results The median HDL-C level was 1.27 mmol/L,with 587 patients having HDL-C below and 489 patients HDL-C above the median level.The incidence rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction and MACCE at one-year follow-up period,was higher in low HDL-C group (4.8％ vs.0.9％,P＜0.001:23.7％ vs.18.1％,P=0.03,respectively) At one month follow-up,the incidence rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction was higher in low HDL-C group (1.4％ vs.0.0％,P=0.01 ).At six month follow-up,the incidence rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction and MACCE on one-year follow-up was higher in low HDL-C group (2.8％ vs.0.4％,P=0.003; 18.3％ vs.13.7％,P=0.04,respectively).Results from Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that age ( HR =1.02,95％ CI:1.006- 1.035,P =0.005 ),diabetes (HR =1.05,95％ CI:1.053-2.171,P=0.03 ),HDL-C level ( HR =0.56,95％CI:0.340-0.921,P=- 0.02 ) were significantly related to the incidence of MACCE.Conclusion The incidence rates of one year and six month MACCE (mainly non-fatal myocardial infarction) and one month non-fatal myocardial infarction were significant higher in patients with low than high HDL-C levels at admission while kept on the ascending along with time.Age,diabetes,HDL-C level were independent risk factors related to the incidence of MACCE.

Objective To analyze the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the presentation,treatment,and clinical outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods 1414 patients with STEMI who were admitted to the 20 hospitals in Liaoning region from May 2009 until May 2010 were enrolled.Patients were stratified according to the BMI levels as normal weight group (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI＜24.0 kg/m2) (n＝485),overweight (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI＜28.0 kg/m2) (n＝736),or obesity (BMI≥28.0 kg/m2) (n＝193).Presentation,treatment and mortality during hospitalization,MACCE (cardiovascular death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,revascularization and stroke) were compared between the three groups at 3-month and 1-year follow-up.Results Obesity in patients with STEMI was associated with younger age (P＜0.001),being male (P＜0.001),with diabetes (P＝0.013) or hypertension (P＜0.001) and hyperlipidmia (P＜0.001).A higher prevalence of reperfusion treatment (P ＝ 0.018),mainly percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (P＜0.001) was seen during the period of hospitalization.Rates of using other kinds of medicines as well as the mortalities during hospitalization,were similar among the groups with different BMI categories.At 3-month and 1-year follow-up,more use of asprin (3-months:P＝0.018; 1-year:P＝0.002) and β-receptor blockers were seen in the obesity group (3-months:P＝0.025; 1-year:P＝0.030) while the use of other drugs were not significantly different among the three groups.The incidence rates of MACCE were not significantly different among the BMI categories while the cumulative survival rate was similar between obese group and normal weight group.Results from the Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that factors as age (HR＝1.045,95％ CI:1.028-1.062,P＜0.001),diabetes (HR＝ 1.530,95％ CI:1.107-2.301,P＝0.041),hyperlipidmia (HR＝2.127,95％ CI:1.317-3.435,P＝0.002),urgent PCI (HR＝0.473,95％CI:0.307-0.728,P＝0.001) and the use of β-receptor blockers at 3-months follow-up period (HR＝0.373,95％ CI:0.195-0.713,P＝0.003) were significantly related to the incidence of MACCE at 1-year follow-up period.Conclusion Despite the fact that patients with obesity presented with STEMI at younger age and having received active treatment of reperfusion and medicine,both the 3-month and 1-year outcomes did not show significant difference among the BMI categories.