Objective: To verify the antiviral effects of Reduning Injection against coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Vero cells and 5-day-old suckling mice, injected with 75/50 and 106 TCID50 CoxA16, were used as evaluation models. The preventive influences of Reduning Injection against CoxA16 in Vero cells were assessed in the models. The effects of Reduning Injection on the mortality, survival time, change rate of body weight, and clinical symptom scores of suckling mice were observed. Results: In Vero cells, cytopathic effects induced by 75 and 50 TCID50 CoxA16 were obviously relieved by crude drug5.0 mg/mL Reduing Injection respectively. Meanwhile, mice death caused by CoxA16 was markedly rescued, survival time was prolonged, and growth inhibition was recovered by Reduing Injection. Meanwhile, the clinical symptom induced by virus was also improved. Conclusion: The endogenous and exogenous antivirus effects of Reduning Injection on CoxA16 are proven.

The high production inulase strain was screened from the soil sample where burdock planted in Qin Village,Bayou Town,Pei County,Xuzhou.Inulase activity were determined which produced by 40 strains separated from soil.Three mold stains,C122803、D081506 and D081513,which had higher ability of producing inulase were obtained by using transparent circle method as initial screening and rocker method as re-screening.Enzyme activity of the three strains were 1.411U/ml,1.895U/ml,1.792U/ml,separately.Enzyme activity of D081506,1.895U/ml,was the highest.The fermentation conditions of D081506 were studied and the optimized conditions were lappa juice 2.0%,yeast extraction 1.6%,(NH4)2SO4 0.5%,NaCl 0.5%,K2HPO4 0.5% and pH 5.0.Inulase activity of D081506 was 2.9578U/ml which increased 56.09% under the condition of 27℃,140r/min,24h.

To clarify the active components in Guizhi Fuling capsule in treatment of intrinsic dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma, main components were gradually knocked out from the capsules, the effects of knockout capsules on uterine contraction, TNF-α secretion, murine splenocytes (SPL) and hysteromyoma cells proliferation were evaluated, respectively. The inhibition of capsules on uterine contraction was weakened by gradient knockout of paeoniflorin, paeonol, and amygdalin. The suppression of capsulte on TNF-α secretion was reduced by gradient knockout of gallic acid, cinnamaldehyde, pentagalloylglucose, and pachyman. The promotion of SPL cells proliferation was reversed by gradient knockout of gallic acid, paeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, quercetin, and pachyman. The depression of capsules on hysteromyoma cells proliferation was attenuated by gradient knockout of paeoniflorin, paeonol, pentagalloylglucose, and albiflorin. In conclusion, the compounds mentioned-above could be the key active basis of Guizhi Fuling capsule in treatment of intrinsic dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma.
Animals ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Imprinting ; methods ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitive effects of 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (TMX) on cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Probe drugs were incubated with and without adding TMX to determine the changes of enzyme activities. The concentration ratio of metabolites to probe drugs was used to present enzyme activities. Concentrations of the probe drugs and their metabolites in the incubated mixture were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The variations (mean, 95%CI) of the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were 2.95 x 10(-3) (2.03 x 10(-3), 3.88 x 10(-3)), 3.14 x 10(-2) (1.87 x 10(-2), 4.42 x 10(-2)), 2.27 x 10(-3) (-1.4 x 10(-2),1.81 x 10(-2)), 7.72 x 10(-2) (-0.83 x 10(-2), 0.2374), and -0.2548 (-2.9802, 2.4707), respectively. The activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced in the present of TMX. CONCLUSION TMX (10 micromol/L) has significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, but no significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

Aim To observe the expression of mesen-cephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor(MANF) in synovial membrane and serum of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and to analyse the relationship between MANF expression and arthritis. Methods AA models were prepared by injecting Freund complete adjuvant (FCA) into SD rats. The swelling of the secondary joint was measured by foot volume measurement. The severity of AA was recorded by arthritis index (AI). Synovial pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The protein and mRNA levels of MANF,BiP and CHOP extracted from synovial tissues in different periods of AA rats were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The levels of MANF, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and then the relationship between MANF level and inflam-matory factors were explored. Results AA rat model was established successfully. The expression of BiP significantly increased in synovial tissue on d 2 after CFA injection,and decreased until d 28. The expres-sion of MANF slightly increased on d 2,then remained stable,and significantly increased on d 14, and then decreased gradually. The expression of CHOP kept to rise slowly at a low level. The level of MANF in serum markedly increased on d 14,then gradually decreased, but it was still higher than the normal level on d 28. The level of CRP exhibited similar trend with MANF. Correlation analysis showed that MANF had a negative correlation with arthritis symptoms, IL-1β and TNF-α in the secondary inflammatory period of AA rats. Con-clusions Arthritis induces the expression and secre-tion of MANF,and the level of MANF is closely relat-ed to the progression and severity of arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the effect on the phenotype and function of CIK cells induced from splenic lymphocyte in mice treated with carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes.Methods:CIK cells were treated with carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes at different concentrations.Cell growth status was observed using inverted fluorescence microscopy.The killing effect was de-termined by MTS method.Immunophenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: With the increase of the effect target ratio,the killer rate of CIK was gradually enhanced and the optimal effect target ratio was 20:1.With the increase of the dose of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes,the proportion of Treg cells decreased.When CIK cells were treated with 0.5 μg/ml carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs),the proportion of CD3+CD4+and CD3+CD8+was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the killing effects of CIK anchieved best results to B16 cells,H22 cells and RM-1cells.Conclusion: The carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced the ability of CIK cells to kill tumor cells,significantly which provide has potential value in tumor drug development.

OBJECTIVETo study the preparation of recombinant house dust mite group 1 allergen vaccine (chitosan-pVAX1-Derp1 nanoparticles, pVAX1-Derp1/CS) and to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of intranasally given chitosan-pVAX1-Derp1 nanoparticles on mouse model with allergic rhinitis (AR).

METHODSThe chitosan-pVAX1-Derp1 nanoparticles was prepared by complex coacervation, and its nature was identified and analysed. A total of 40 BALB/c rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal group (group A), the AR model group (group B), the chitosan (CS) prevention group (group C), the pVAX1-Derp1 prevention group (group D), and the pVAX1-Derp1/CS prevention group (group E). The nasal cavity of rats in the group B, C, D and E were dripped with phosphate buffered saline (20 µl), CS (20 µl), pVAX1-Der p1 (20 µl), pVAX1-Derp1/CS nanoparticles (20 µl) on the first day and day 8, once daily. Rats in the latter 4 group were sensitized with Der p1 and Al(OH)3 in day 15 and day 22, and challenged with Der p1 to establish AR model from day 36 to day 43, while rats in group A were treated with PBS. Then the level of cytokines in serum was assayed by ELISA, inflammatory reactions in nasal mucosa were analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin staining.

RESULTSpVAX1-Derp1/CS nanoparticles was successfully constructed, the mean grain size of pVAX1-Derp1/CS was (205.3 ± 12.8) nm, and the zeta potential was (30.5 ± 5.6) mV. In nasal mucosa tissue, group B and C showed significant allergic inflammation, while group D and E showed lighter allergic inflammation. Compared with the group B, the group D and E could effectively reduced serum IgE level and IL-4 level [group B: (120.0 ± 8.8) ng/ml, (248.7 ± 10.6) pg/ml; group D: (109.6 ± 14.5) ng/ml, (192.5 ± 10.2) pg/ml; group E: (88.1 ± 8.3) ng/ml, (165.7 ± 9.7) pg/ml; IgE: t value were 3.5, 6.9, all P < 0.01; IL-4: t value were 10.0, 15.2, all P < 0.01], and increased IFN-γ level [group B: (709.0 ± 26.5) pg/ml; group D: (856.3 ± 37.4) pg/ml; group E: (904.8 ± 37.7) pg/ml; t value were 8.2, 10.8, all P < 0.01)]. IL-10 level of group D [(129.9 ± 16.1) pg/ml] and E [(107.1 ± 11.8) pg/ml] was lower than IL-10 level of group B [(160.6 ± 24.2) pg/ml]. The difference were significantly (t value were 2.9, 5.5, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSChitosan can effectively encapsulate pVAX1-Derp 1 and inhibit nuclease degradation of the plasmid, the DNA vaccine has some preventive effect on AR animal model by nasal immunization.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; Cytokines ; blood ; Immunization ; methods ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; Plasmids ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; prevention & control ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To explore the factors associated with the complications of cranioplasty, infection and local epidural hematoma, such as age, sex, primary disease, skull defect and concomitant hydrocephalus. Methods 211 patients after cranioplasty were reviewed. Results 8 cases (3.8%) complicated one of them, in which 6 cases with local epidural hematoma and 2 cases with infection. The infection was more likely related with the areas of skull defect (P=0.003). No factor was found related with the local epidural hematoma. Conclusion It is necessary to focus the size of the frontal sinus when repairing the the frontal bone, to avoid the screw into the frontal sinus caused infection.

In this study, the active components and potential molecular .mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula in treatment on dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma were investigated using network pharmacological methods. Sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes, with high moleculal network degree, revealed promising effects on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, and immune-regulation, according to D-T network analysis. On the other hand, the targets with high degree were involved in inflammatory, coagulation, angiopoiesis, smooth muscle contraction, and cell reproduction, which showed the novel function in anti-dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma. Furthermore, the formula was indicated to play a key role in smooth muscle proliferation, inhibition of new vessels, circulation improvement, reduction of hormone secretion, alleviation of smooth muscle, block of arachidonic acid metabolism, and inflammation in uterus. Thus, the main mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula was summarized. In conclusion, Guizhi Fuling formula was proven to alleviated dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma by acting on multiple targets through several bioactive compounds, regulating 21 biological pathways.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the influence of thoracic kyphosis on the sagittal compensatory mode of the spine in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis after the selective thoracic fusion.

METHODSNinety AIS patients (mean age 14.5 years old) who received selective thoracic fusion from February 1999 to December 2005 in one institution with at least 24-month follow-up were evaluated. Forty-one patients underwent anterior spinal fusion and forty-nine patients underwent posterior spinal fusion. And then the patients were divided into two subgroups according to the magnitude of preoperative thoracic kyphosis (TK): Group A, TK less than 10 degrees ; and Group B, TK more than 10 degrees . The radiological parameters were measured including: thoracic and lumbar curve magnitude, TK, lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracolumbar junction kyphosis (T(10)-L(2), TJK), distal junctional kyphosis (DJK), sagittal vertical axis (SVA).

RESULTSAt final follow-up, TK, TJK and DJK increased significantly compared with preoperative Cobb angle in subgroup A patients who underwent anterior spinal fusion (P < 0.05). Generally, there was a lordosis loss of TJK and DJK during follow-up. While in subgroup B, TJK at final follow-up increased apparently compared with preoperative Cobb angle (P < 0.05). And there was a increased trend of DJK in spite of no significant difference, however, there was no obvious change of TK in subgroup B. At the final follow-up, TK and TJK increased significantly in subgroup A patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (P < 0.05). And there was a increased tendency of DJK during follow-up, although there was no significant difference. And there was no obvious change of TK, TJK and DJK in subgroup B. There was a increased trend of LL in spite of no significant difference in group A patients who underwent anterior or posterior spinal fusion. The sagittal balance maintained well during follow-up in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSFor AIS patients with thoracic hypokyphosis, normal TK and LL could be achieved during follow-up with selective thoracic instrumentation. However, the increase of DJK and TJK may occur during the follow-up, and the risk factors may be the anterior short segmental fusion and the reconstruction of the sagittal profile in the hypokyphosis patients.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Male ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery