Objective:To explore the effects of laser irradiation parameters (irradiation frequency and single duration) on tear secretion, lens and retina.Methods:Thirty-six healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups with random number table method according to different frequency and single exposure duration of laser to the eye, namely, high frequency short time (HFST) group, high frequency long time (HFLT) group, medium frequency short time (MFST) group, medium frequency long time (MFLT) group, low frequency short time (LFST) group and low frequency long time (LFLT) group, 6 for each group.The right eyes were irradiated with 500 lx laser as experimental eyes, and the left eyes of the guinea pigs served as the control eyes.The high, medium and low irradiation frequencies were defined as 15 times, 10 times and 5 times, respectively, and the short and long period was defined as 30 seconds and 60 seconds each time, respectively.The right eyes were irradiated based on the grouping at a 10-minute interval.The tear secretion was detected by SchirmerⅠtest; lens opacity was assessed under the slit-lamp microscope; fundus photography was performed to evaluate the general morphology of retina; retinal function was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) record and the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer was measured by histopathology examination.This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Air Force Military Medical University (No.20181203), and the use and care of the experimental animals complied with the ARVO statement.Results:The tear secretion was 8.00(7.37, 9.00), 8.75(8.25, 9.00), 8.50(7.75, 9.50), 9.00(8.50, 9.50), 8.00(7.37, 8.75) and 8.25(7.75, 8.75) mm/5 min in the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group, respectively, without significant difference among the groups(χ 2=5.502, P=0.240); after laser irradiation, there were no statistically significant differences in tear secretion between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in all the groups (all at P>0.05). The lenses were clear and the fundus was normal through the experimental duration in all the groups.The amplitude of ERG a-wave was significantly reduced in the HFST group in comparison with the LFST group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the b-wave amplitude among the six groups (F=1.358, P=0.268). The ERG a-, b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between the control eyes and laser-irradiated eyes in various groups (both at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer of retina among the HFST group, HFLT group, MFST group, MFLT group, LFST group and LFLT group (F=0.952, P=0.463). Conclusions:The 500 lx laser irradiation is safe to ocular surface and lens, but there are some injuries to retinal function, and the injury degree is related to laser irradiation frequency.

Objective To study the expression and value of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on neutrophils, CD14~+ monocytes and CD3~+ T lymphocytes of peripberol blood of ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients and to investigate the correlation between CXCR1,CXCR2 and disease activity.Methods A case control study was designed and enrolled 30 active AS,30 active rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and 30 healthy controls.The levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression on neutrophils,CD3~+ T cells and CD14~+ monocytes of peripheral blood of the patients and healthy controls enrolled were measured and analyzed by flow cytometry by measuring the mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)channel.The correlations between the level of CXCR1 and CXCR2 anti disease activity or functional index of AS such as BASDAI,BASF1,ESR and CRP were analyzed.Results The MFI of CXCR1 expression on CD3~+ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood was significantly higher in AS patients (41?24)than that in RA patients(18?10)and healthy controls(19?7)(P

Objective: To investigate the role of NF-?B in signal transduction of hepatocyte apoptosis in liver injury. Methods: A total of 42 Chang-Bai piglets were divided into 7 groups: control group, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours wound group. The model of intestinal perforations due to abdominal firearm wound was established in wound groups. Hepatic NF-?B activity was measured with immunohistochemical staining and image analysis in all groups. Hepatocyte apoptosis indexes and serum ALT levels were also determined. Results: Levels of hepatic NF-?B activity in wounded groups were significantly elevated compared with control group, and there were two peaks (1 and 8 hours group P

Congestive heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout (necrosis and apoptosis) plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells (CSCs) within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animal CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.
Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; trends ; Heart Failure ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; trends ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; transplantation ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; trends

Objective To explore the diagnoses of spontaneous intracranial hypotension,and discuss the therapeutic efficacy of epidural blood patch therapy in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients.Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension,admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2018,were retrospectively analyzed.The lumbar puncture results,MR imaging features of the skull and spine,and CT myelography (CTM) features of these patients were analyzed.The treatment efficacies of epidural blood patch,which included blind epidural blood patch and targeted epidural blood patch,were compared.Results The cerebrospinal fluid pressure of 12 patients was ≤ 60 mmH2O.Ten patients (83.3％) showed subdural fluid collections,enhancement of the pachymeninges,engorgement of venous structures,pituitary hyperemia,and sagging of the brain on brain MR imaging,and one of the patient showed pituitary hemorrhage.Seven patients (63.3％) showed spinal dural epithelial fluid accumulation and venous plexus expansion on spine MR imaging,and one of the patient showed dorsolateral dural discontinuous thickening of T6 and forward movement of the spinal cord caused by massive dorsal epidural effusion.Twelve patients in this group underwent CTM,and were found cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Twelve patients applied 14-times epidural blood tests;4 responded well to one-time targeted epidural blood patch therapy,with success rate of 100％;8 patients used blind epidural blood patch therapy,and 6 patients responded well to one-time therapy,with success rate of 75％,one patient improved with blind epidural blood stick twice,and one patient was ineffective twice.Conclusions Head MR imaging combined with spinal MR imaging is a non-invasive method to diagnose spontaneous intracranial hypotension.Myelogram can determine whether there is a leakage of spinal cerebrospinal fluid and accurately locate the leakage site.Epidural blood patch therapy is an effective method for treatment of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.With the precise location of leak points by myelography,targeted epidural blood patch is more effective.

BACKGROUNDCongestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) is the cornerstone in its treatment. However, CHF continues to progress despite this therapy, perhaps because of production of angiotensin II (Ang II) by alternative pathways. The present study was conducted to examine the combined effects of a chronic ACEI, ramipril, and a chronic Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, TCV116, on rat CHF after myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSCongestive heart failure was caused by MI in rats, which was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The experiment protocol included sham-operated rats (Sham), MI-control rats (MI-control), MI rats treated with ramipril 3 mg/kg (MI-ramipril) or TCV116 2 mg/kg (MI-TCV116) per day, half dosage (MI-1/2R&T) or full dosage (MI-R&T) combination of the two. At 22 weeks, cardiac hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximal rate of left ventricule pressure development and decline (LV dP/dtmax) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and cardiac morphometric parameters such as heart weight (HW), left ventricular weight (LVW) and left ventricular cavity area (LVCA) were measured, mRNA expressions of cardiac molecule genes such as beta myosin heavy chain (betaMHC), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), collagen I and III were quantified with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the surviving septum myocardium, and survival rates were calculated.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in MI sizes (%) among each MI related experimental groups (33 +/- 13, 34 +/- 14, 33 +/- 13, 35 +/- 13 and 33 +/- 14 for MI-control, MI-ramipril, MI-TCV116, MI-1/2R&T and MI-R&T, respectively, no statistical significance for all). Compared with sham-operated rats, MI rats without therapy showed significant increases in morphometric parameters as well as in mRNA expressions of cardiac molecule genes (P < 0.01); while their hemodynamic parameters were significantly impaired (P < 0.01), and in terms of spontaneous deaths survival rate shortened (P < 0.05). Compared with MI rats without therapy, MI rats treated with each single drug showed significant attenuation of mRNA expressions of cardiac molecule genes (P < 0.01); while their hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and in terms of spontaneous deaths survival rate prolonged (P < 0.05). Both half and full dosage combined treatments exerted more powerful effects on improvement of cardiac phenotypic changes and on attenuation of betaMHC, BNP mRNA expressions (P < 0.05 vs monotherapy); while LVEDP was further lowered (P < 0.05 vs monotherapy). However, the total death in MI rats with full dosage combined treatment was more though there were no significant differences when compared with other treatments.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that treatment with appropriate dosage combination of a chronic ACEI and a chronic ARB may further improve cardiac remodeling and cardiac function after MI.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles ; administration & dosage ; Biphenyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Ramipril ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; drug effects ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the long-term effects of TCV116 (candesartan cilexetil) on cardiac function changes after myocardial infarction.

METHODSMyocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats. One week after the surgical performance,the surviving rats were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) MI rats with no therapy; (2) MI rats treated with TCV116 2 mg/kg per day; (3) Sham-operated control and (4) Sham-operated rats treated with TCV116 2 mg/kg per day. At 22 weeks, left ventricular function and cardiac histomorphometric parameters were measured, mRNA expression of cardiac genes such as beta myosin heavy chain, B-type natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor beta1, collagen I and III quantified, and survival rates calculated.

RESULTSTreatment with TCV116 significantly improved LV function, suppressed mRNA expression of cardiac genes,and extended the survival period compared with MI rats with no therapy (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with long-term angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker may improve LV function and prolong the survival of rats after MI.

Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 ; administration & dosage ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Myosins ; metabolism ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of Shenxiong injection on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of senile rats.

METHODTotally 108 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group, the Ni-modipine group and Shenxiong injection groups (low, middle, and high doses). The rat brain ischemia-reperfusion model was established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method in rats, in order to observe the effect of Shenxiong injection on neurological score and brain infarct volume of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and determine the contents of NOS, NO, SOD, MDA and LDH in brain tissues. The contents of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in brain tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

RESULTShenxiong injection could significantly decrease neurological score, injury degree of brain tissues and brain infarct volume of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, increase the vigor of SOD, decrease the levels of MDA, NO, NOS and LDH, and inhibit IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expressions.

CONCLUSIONShenxiong injection has the obvious protective effect on the brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the improvement of neurological function, the reduction of free radical injury, and the inhibition of inflammation factor expression.

Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Injections ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo screen the parameters of questionnaire in prevalence survey of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in China, and to evaluate the value and feasibility of questionnaire used in prevalence survey.

METHODSA questionnaire study on SpA with 12 questions involved was performed which came from a epidemiological survey on SpA in Brittany, France.

RESULTS(1) We found difference on the sensitivity and specificity of some indexes in the questionnaires between the French study and the one developed by ourselves. The sensitivity differed between the published French paper and ours in the following indexes: onset age, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. The specificity of the indexes would include spinal pain, insidious onset, morning stiffness, duration more than 3 months and radiographic manifestation also showed differences. (2) Excluding the radiographic abnormality, we ran the logistic regression and concluded that the following parameters were the independent indexes which suggesting the existence of the disease: spinal pain onset before 40 years of age, having spinal stiffness in the morning having positive family history and having buttock pain and heel pain. (3) Based on the result of each question of the questionnaire, indices of distinguishing the cases and controls were identified.

CONCLUSIONThe questionnaire verified in our study was a new, simple, valuable and feasible one for SpA prevalence study and in screening the potential SpA patients.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylarthropathies ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To assess the changes on the whole night polysomnography (PSG) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS). Methods The whole night PSGs were recorded from 24 patients with CFS and 33 normal subjects. Results Compared with normal subjects, patients with CFS showed significantly reduced total sleep duration ([488.7?21.7]min vs [515.9?31.7]min, P