China ; Clinical Protocols ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Physicians ; Thrombocytopenia ; diagnosis ; therapy

Argentina ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Russia ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; epidemiology ; Urban Population

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticoagulants ; poisoning ; Coagulation Protein Disorders ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rodenticides ; poisoning

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between Pi and Shen by observing the relationship between the metabolism of aristolochic acid (AA) and mRNA and protein expression levels of organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp) superfamily member 2a1 and 2 b1 (oatp2al and oatp2bl) in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues of Pi deficiency syndrome (PDS) model rats.

METHODSTotally 46 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the blank group (n = 12), the PDS group (n = 22), the AA-I group (n = 6), and the PDS AA-I group (n = 6). PDS model was established by subcutaneously injecting Reserpine at the daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 16 successive days. Carotid intubation was performed in 6 rats selected from the blank group and the PDS group. Pharmacokinetics of AA-I were detected at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I. AA-I concentrations in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues of 10 rats selected from the PDS group were determined. Normal saline was administered to 6 rats selected from the PDS group and the blank group by gastrogavage. Renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues were collected in the AA-I group and the PDS AA-I group at 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I. mRNA and protein expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in each tissue were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, plasma concentrations of in vivo AA-I were obviously higher in the PDS group at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of AA-I were obviously decreased at 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I; AA-I concentrations in renal and large intestinal tissues were elevated; AA-I concentrations in small intestinal tissues were obviously reduced in the PDS group. There was no statistical difference in mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in the aforesaid three tissues of rats between the blank group and the PDS group. Compared with the blank group, mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 decreased in small intestinal tissues of the AA-I group, and the mRNA expression level of oatp2a1 in large intestinal tissues significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the PDS group, mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 increased in renal tissues of the PDS AA-I group (P < 0.05); mRNA expression levels of oatp2b1 increased in large intestinal tissues of the PDS AA-I group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe difference in AA-I metabolism might be associated with changed expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues under Pi deficiency induced loss of transportation. Shen and Dachang played important roles in substance metabolism under Pi deficiency state, which proved Pi-Shen correlated in Chinese medical theories.

Animals ; Anions ; Aristolochic Acids ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Kidney ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Peptides ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo better understand the acquired factor V (FV) inhibitors.

METHODSThe clinical features, laboratory manifestations, treatment options and prognosis of 3 cases were reported and related literature were reviewed.

RESULTSAll the 3 patients were older than 50 years without family history and related disease. Their clinical manifestations included spontaneously mucous bleeding, hematuria, epistaxis and encephalic bleeding. Laboratory test showed prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The FV levels decreased and the presence of FV inhibitor was confirmed by Bethesda method. All patients were treated with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents. The haemorrhages of two patients stopped but their coagulation test and FV level recovered slowly. One patient died from encephalic bleeding.

CONCLUSIONSAcquired FV inhibitor is a rare coagulation disorder with variable clinical symptoms. Immunosuppressive agents are effective to eliminate the inhibitors. The prognosis of acquired FV inhibitors seemed to be strictly related to the basic disease.

Coagulation Protein Disorders ; Factor V ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDIn response to the injury of the central nervous system (CNS), the astrocytes upregulate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which largely contributes to the reactive gliosis after brain injury. The regulatory mechanism of this process is still not clear. In this study, we aimed to compare the ephrin-B2 deficient mice with the wild type ones with regard to gliosis after traumatic brain injury.

METHODSWe generated ephrin-B2 knockout mice specifically in CNS astrocytes. Twelve mice from this gene-knockout strain were randomly selected along with twelve mice from the wild type littermates. In both groups, a modified controlled cortical impact injury model was applied to create a closed traumatic brain injury. Twenty-eight days after the injury, Nissl staining and GFAP immunofluorescence staining were used to compare the brain atrophy and GFAP immunoreactivity between the two groups. All the data were analyzed by t-test for between-group comparison.

RESULTSWe successfully set up the conditional ephrin-B2 knockout mice strain, which was confirmed by genotyping and ephrin-B2/GFAP double staining. These mice developed normally without apparent abnormality in general appearance. Twenty-eight days following brain injury, histopathology revealed by immunohistochemistry showed different degrees of cerebral injuries in both groups. Compared with wild-type group, the ephrin-B2 knockout group exhibited less brain atrophy ratio for the injured hemispheres (P = 0.005) and hippocampus (P = 0.027). Also the wild-type group demonstrated greater GFAP immunoreactivity increment within hippocampal regions (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONSThe establishment of conditional ephrin-B2 knockout mice provides us with a new way to explore the role of ephrin-B2 in astrocytes. Our findings revealed less atrophy and GFAP immunoreactivity in the knockout mice strain after traumatic brain injury, which implied ephrin-B2 could be one of the promoters to upregulate gliosis following brain injury.

Animals ; Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; pathology ; Ephrin-B2 ; deficiency ; physiology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Gliosis ; etiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; analysis

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo detect the platelet glycoprotein-specific antibodies in serum of thrombocytopenia patients and evaluate its diagnostic value for immune thrombocytopenia.

METHODAnti-GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb/IX and GPIa/IIa antibodies were assayed by ELISA kit (PAKUTO) in patients with thrombocytopenia.

RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of PAKAUTO in immune thrombocytopenia were 44.0% and 95.7%, respectively. The values of positive and negative predictions were 98.0% and 26.2%, respectively. Among those PAKAUTO positive patients, positive rates of GPIIb/IIIa, GPIa/IIa and GPIb/IX were 87%, 35% and 10%, respectively. The positive rate of patients not received immune suppressive agents (58.5%) was significantly higher than those received immune suppressive agents (26.9%) (P < 0.01). The positive rate of patients with platelet count ≤ 20 × 10(9)/L (51.6%) was significantly higher than those with platelet count > 20 × 10(9)/L (27.8%) (P < 0.01). The positive rate of patients with secondary immune thrombocytopenia (66.7%) was significantly higher than those with primary immune thrombocytopenia (41.7%) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe highly specific method (PAKAUTO) could effectively differentiate immune or non-immune thrombocytopenia and be applied to diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia.

Autoantibodies ; analysis ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; immunology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; immunology ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thrombocytopenia ; diagnosis ; immunology

The study was aimed to investigate the potential immunotherapeutical values of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) on patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). UC-MSC was cocultured in vitro with splenocytes isolated from ITP patients who experienced splenectomy. The level of IgG antiplatelet antibody (PAIgG) was determined by a competitive micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The proliferation of platelet-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes was also measured in the presence of UC-MSCs. The results showed that UC-MSCs could stimulate the spontaneous secretion of PAIgG in supernatants; In the platelet-inducing condition, UC-MSC inhibited the production of PAIgG at a low ratio of 1 UC-MSC to 100 splenocytes, but promoted at a high proportion of 1 UC-MSC to 10 splenocytes. Moreover, UC-MSC exerted a suppressive effect on proliferation of platelet-reactive T helper cells in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that the UC-MSCs can regulate secretion of antiplatelet antibodies in vitro. Its concrete regulation mechanism and potential immunotherapeutical value are need to further study.
Antibodies ; metabolism ; Blood Platelets ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; metabolism ; Spleen ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; physiology