Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of adenosine A2A receptor agonist (CGS21680) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) transplantation in acute liver failure (ALF).Methods Fifty male C57BL/6 mice, 6-8 weeks old, were fed with standard diet for 1 week and randomly divided into 5 groups according to random number table: healthy control group (n=6), model group (n=11), BMMSC group (n=11), CGS21680/BMMSC group (n=11) and CGS21680 group (n=11).Except healthy control group, the other mice were injected with D-GalN and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish ALF model.Ten hours later, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group were injected intraperitoneally with adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 (2.1 mg/kg).In addition, the BMMSC group and CGS21680/BMMSC group were injected BMMSC (1×10.6) through tail vein.After 24 hours, pathological changes of liver tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The change of proportion of mouse splenic Treg among CD4+T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry.Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression levels in liver tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot.One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and SNK-q test was conducted for data analysis.Results Serum IL-6 levels were (23.67±2.97) pg/mL in healthy control group, (151.47±6.03) pg/mL in model control group, (72.10±3.74) pg/mL in BMMSC group, (53.35±2.50) pg/mL in CGS21680/BMMSC group and (84.85±3.25) pg/mL in CGS21680 group.The differences between healthy control group and the other 4 groups were all statistically significant (t=46.02, 25.51, 19.58 and 34.03, respectively, all P<0.01).Serum TNF-ɑ levels were (24.62±3.19) pg/mL in healthy control group, (102.25±2.10) pg/mL in model control group, (54.71±2.23) pg/mL in BMMSC group, (42.20±4.72) pg/mL in CGS21680/BMMSC group and (81.76±3.50) pg/mL in CGS21680 group.The differences between healthy control group and the other 4 groups were all statistically significant (t=46.49, 19.97, 7.72 and 29.57, respectively, all P<0.01).The differences of spleen Treg proportion in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=51.67, 12.22, 5.91 and 18.21, respectively, all P<0.01).The differences of TLR4 mRNA levels of liver tissue in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=26.31, 21.33, 13.24 and 27.14, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of NF-κB mRNA level of liver tissue in healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=16.56, 16.34, 7.83 and 13.11, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of TLR4 protein level in liver tissue of healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=35.60, 10.38, 6.05 and 18.02, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences of liver NF-κB protein level in the healthy control group were statistically significant compared with model control group, BMMSC group, CGS21680/BMMSC group and CGS21680 group (t=10.80, 7.30, 4.61 and 13.24, respectively, all P<0.05).Conclusions Adenosine A2A receptor agonist combined with BMMSC can significantly up-regulate the proportion of Treg cells in acute liver failure mice and inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, with both coordinated regulation, and further inhibit the liver inflammation.

Objective To explore a method for isolation and culture of human epidermal stem cells. Methods Epidermis was obtained by digesting human foreskin with Dispase Ⅱ and Trypsin-EDTA.After suspension on the epidermal stem cell medium (ESCM), these single epidermis cells were inoculated onto human collagen Ⅳ-coated flasks and cultured at 37 ℃ in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO_2 for 10 min. The nonadherent cells were rinsed off 10 min after inoculation, and the adherent cells continued to be cultured after enriching and abstraction by type Ⅳ collagen. The cell growth was observed through inverted microscope, and the cell cloning efficiency and time of clone sustain were also detected. Immunocytochemistry was used to observe the expression of ?_1-integrin and keratin 19(K19). Keratinocytes were served as controls. Results It was revealed by histological observation that colonies were formed 24 hours after inoculation. The isolated and cultured cell cloning efficiency was higher and the time of clone sustain was longer than that of the control group. Positive expression of ?_1-integrin and K19 of cultured cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. Conclusion Adult epidermal stem cells could be successfully isolated and cultured by adhension with type Ⅳ collagen and culture with ESCM.

In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 10 major compounds (procyanidin B1, catechin, procyanidin B2, rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. UPLC-MS/MS assay with negative ion mode was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.6 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL · min(-1) and the column temperature was set at 45 °C. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for 10 target compounds were obtained including chiral isomer procyanidins B1 and B2 were completely separated within 8.5 min. Satisfactory linearity was achieved with wide linear range and fine determination coefficient (r > 0.996 6), the overall recoveries were ranged from 95.44%-110.40% with the RSD ranging from 2.37%-8.69%. It is the first report about simultaneous analysis of 10 major flavonoids components in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using UPLC-MS/MS method, which affords highly sensitive, specific, speedy and efficient method for quality control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum
Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; Rutin ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vitaceae ; chemistry

AIM: To investigate the effect of blocking short wave visible light(400-500nm)on tear film stability in healthy people.

METHODS: In this prospective intervention experiment, 26 college students were selected, including 12 males and 14 females, aged 22.1±1.4 years, from February to March 2020. At the same time of two adjacent days, the subjects watched the video for 1h under the same environmental conditions. For the first time, there was no short wave visible light blocking, and for the second time, they wore short wave visible light blocking myopia or flat glasses. The subjects were examined the radius of curvature of lacrimal River curved surface, tear osmolality, tear film rupture time, corneal fluorescein sodium staining score, the basic state before watching the video and after watching the video respectively. And the questionnaire of visual perception was completed at the end of the experiment.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in the radius of curvature of lacrimal River curved surface, tear osmolality, tear film rupture time, corneal fluorescein sodium staining score between the basic state and the short wave visible unstopped state(t=4.50, 5.72, 4.437, 3.245, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the short wave visible light blocking and the basic state(t=1.972, 1.993, 1.921, 1.641, P>0.05). There was also significant difference between the short wave visible light blocking and the short wave visible light unblocking(t=2.825, 3.771, 2.610, 3.028, P< 0.05). The results of the questionnaire showed that: eighteen subjects(69%)said that wearing the short wave visible light blocking glasses or without wearing short wave visible light blocking glasses had slight eye dryness, pain, foreign body sensation, visual fatigue and other discomfort after watching the video. Sixteen subjects(62%)said that they were more comfortable after blocking the short wave visible light. Twenty-four subjects(92%)said that they were willing to block the short wave visible light.

CONCLUSION: The stability of tear film could be reduced by watching the display screen for a short time. Blocking the short wave visible light could protect the stability of tear film of the ocular surface.

Objective To study the correlation between cognitive dysfunction and cholinergic neuron changes in basal forebrain(BFB)and brainstem reticular formation(BSRF)areas after brain con- cussion(BC)in rats.Methods Eighty-four Spragne-Dawley rats weighing 250-310g were used.The BC rat models were reproduced by a self-made simple pendulum impact device,then the rats were ran- domized into one control group and six experimental groups(1 day,2 day,4 day,8 day,16 day,and 24 day groups;n=12 in each group).A Morris Water Maze(MWM)test was used to assess learning and memory function of the rats.Cholinergic neurons in the BFB and BSRF were identified with choline acetyltransferase(CHAT)antibody and quantitated.Results Compared with the control group,the la- tency to find the platform in MWM was much longer on days 1-3 after BC,but there was no statistical difference on days 4-21 after BC.The cell number and the ChAT expression activity of cholinergic neu- rons in the BFB were obviously decreased after BC,and reached the lowest level at 8 days after BC,then increased gradually and nearly reached the normal level at 24 days.The ChAT expression activity in BSRF declined on the first 2 days after BC,then went up gradually,and reached the peak at the 24th day.Conclusion The spatial cognition deficit of BC rats can be detected by MWM in the early period (1-3 days after BC).There are significant changes in the number and ChAT expression activity in BFB and BSRF after BC.The change of cholinergic neurons may be correlated with cognitive deficits in BC rats.

This study aimed to investigate antibody levels of the newer human enteroviruses (EV) A71, A90, and B87 in the population of Shandong Province, and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. In this study, serum specimens were collected from 400 individuals living in Yantai city, Shandong Province in 2010. EV-A71, A90, and B87 antibodies were detected using neutralization tests, and the results were analyzed by statistical methods. It was found that the positive neutralizing antibody rates of EV-A71, A90 and B87 in the population were 46.0%, 8.8%, and 47.0%, respectively. Their geometric mean titers (GMT) were 1 : 5.20, 1 : 1.49, and 1 : 4.02, respectively. Positive antibody rates for EV-A71 and EV-B87 were lowest in the 1-yr and 7-mo age groups, respectively. Positive rates increased gradually with age, and become consistent in the population aged >5 years. Positive antibody rates of EV-A90 were consistent across all age groups. Maternal antibody levels of EV-A71 declined rapidly after birth, and the increase in seroprevalence among 3-7 years old children implied that most EV-A71 infections occurred in preschool and early elementary school children. High positive antibody rates of EV-B87 in healthy individuals, especially children, implied that there may be an immune barrier within the general population. The population monitoring of EV-A90 should be strengthened, as its positive antibody rate is low.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the expressions of survivin, cyclooxyenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their relationship with angiogenesis in condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissues. Methods Immunohistochemistry using PowerVision staining kit was performed to detect the expression of survivin, COX-2 and VEGF protein in 60 CA tissue samples from patients and 21 normal skin samples from the foreskin of human controls. At the same time, the microvessel density was determined in CA tissues by staining blood vessel endothelium with anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody. Results The positivity rate of survivin and COX-2 expression was 56.67% and 63.33%, in CA tissues, 9.52% and 0 in normal skin tissues, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups of tissue samples in the positivity rate and intensity of survivin and COX-2 expression (all P < 0.05). VEGF was expressed in all of the CA tissues and normal skin tissues, while the intensity of VEGF expression was statistically different between the two groups of tissue samples (P < 0.05). The MVD was 16.38 ± 5.46 and 0.62 ± 0.44 in CA tissues and normal skin tissues, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expressions of survivin, COX-2 and VEGF, as well as between MVD and the expressions of survivin and COX-2 in CA tissues. Conclusion The expression levels of survivin, COX-2 and VEGF are significantly higher in CA tissues than in normal skin tissues.

OBJECTIVETo assess the perioperative changes in plasma endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in children with congenital heart disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension.

METHODSIn 33 patients, radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma ET and CGRP levels at different time points: Preoperative, immediate post-op, 3 hrs, 24 hrs, 72 hrs after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

RESULTSPreoperative plasma ET levels in two groups were markedly increased. The level of ET in group II (severe pulmonary hypertension patients) was significantly higher than those [(138+/-25 compared with 77+/-19)pg/ml, P<0.01] in group I (mild pulmonary hypertension patients). In group I, the plasma ET level rose immediately post-op (P<0.001) and retumed to the initial level after one day (P>0.05). However, in group II plasma ET level was only normalized 3 days post-op (P<0.05). The CGRP level of both group I and group II increased at the first post-op day [(187+/-131 330+/-187)pg/ml], then began to decline by the 3rd day [(88+/-85, 150+/-95) pg/ml].

CONCLUSIONEndothelin and calcitonin gene-related peptide was involved in the pathophysiologic process of pulmonary hypertension and correlated with the degree of pulmonary hypertension. The imbalance of ET and CGRP after cardiopulmonary bypass may affect the prognosis.

Adolescent ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endothelins ; blood ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; blood ; etiology ; Infant ; Male ; Radioimmunoassay

The SH2 domain containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP) was initially described as a 145 kD protein phosphorylated on tyrosines upon growth factor and cytokine stimulation. SHIP is predominately expressed in hematopoietic cells, and is a crucial negative regulator in the development of hematopoietic cells. To evaluate the role of the SHIP gene in human leukemogenesis, expression and mutation of SHIP gene in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood from 32 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 9 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as human hematopoietic cell lines were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. The RT-PCR showed that all samples expressed SHIP gene. Mutations of SHIP gene were detected in 7 out of 32 AML patients (22%) and one out of 9 ALL patients (12%). Interestingly, two missense mutations that had been observed in one AML patient at diagnosis disappeared after complete remission (CR). In addition, Akt phosphorylation was prolonged and increased following IL-3 stimulation in this patient sample. In conclusion, data of this study demonstrate the mutation of the SHIP gene in acute leukemia for the first time and suggest a possible role of the mutation of this gene in the development of acute leukemia. SHIP serves as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells.
Cell Line ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; physiology

To analyze the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics