Abstract: At present, nucleic acid detection technology based on the PCR principle is commonly used to detect malaria parasites, the existing Plasmodium detection methods mainly include microscopy, antigen immunoassay, and nucleic acid detection,but due to the long detection time, high personnel and equipment requirements, and other shortcomings, its popularization, and application at the grassroots level are limited. What challenges previous Plasmodium detection methods are the lack of experienced professionals and advanced equipment at the grassroots as well as the requirement of rapid detection of large samples under extreme conditions. The isothermal amplification technology developed in recent years has potential application prospects due to its simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, and high specificity. This article attempts to review the principles, characteristics, and prospects of various isothermal amplification technologies, and on this basis, focuses on the introduction of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and recombinase⁃aided isothermal amplification (RAA) assay technologies and proposes the use of such recombinant enzyme amplification technologies to achieve rapid and accurate diagnosis of common Plasmodium species possibility and imagination.

Objective To observe the anatomic and imaging morphology ofjugnlar bulb and its relationship with the surrounding structures, and to investigate the classification ofjugnlar bulb and its clinical significance. Methods We dissected 30 human temporal bones and studied multi-slice spiral CT imaging data of temporal bone of 120 cases and blood vessel cast mould specimen of the jugular bulb of 6 cases, to observe the morphology of jugnlar bulb and its spatial relationship with the surrounding structures. We made an imagined sagittal plane on the medial well of the tympanic cavity, with a horizontal tangent line of the proximal wall of the tympanic cavity and a vertical tangent line of the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity as coordinate axes (X axis and Y axis), respectively, so the 4 quadrants ( Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅳ) were formed. The jugular bulb was classified intro 4 types according to the quadrant where its top was projected and subtyped according to its position on the inner or outer side of the plane. The operation via mastoid approach was simulated on specimen to observe the effect of jugnlar bulb on the operation route. Results Some jugular bulbs were flat type and others were prominent types. The classification in the group of CT image: type Ⅰ , 11 case (9%);type Ⅱ, 63 cases (53%);type Ⅲ, 25 cases (21%);type Ⅳ, 21cases (17%). The classification in the group of specimen: type Ⅰ, 1 case (3%);type Ⅱ, 11 cases (37%);type Ⅲ, 8 cases (27%);type Ⅳ, 10 cases (33%). Each type of the jugular bulb had different effects on the operative approach. Conclusions The classification method with the 4 quadrants is a simple and three-dimensional way to describe the position of the jugular bulb for imaging diagnosis or operative scheme design.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (SalB) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and to illustrate its possible mechanisms. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. The break-down of BBB was indicated by extravasations of immunoglobulin (IgG) monitored with immunohistochemistry. The expression of MMP-9 and NOS2 in the brain was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 was detected by Western blotting. It was shown that on day 2 after ischemia-reperfusion the IgG accumulated around the vascular boundary zone, suggesting the break-down of BBB, and the expression of MMP-9 and NOS2 up-regulated at the same time. The result of Western blotting suggested that the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 increased. On day 7 after ischemia-reperfusion the. expression of MMP-9 and NOS2 was about the same level as day 2, the expression of p-p38 was higher than that on day 2 and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was slightly lower than that on day 2. SalB (1 and 10 mg x kg(-1)) significantly alleviated the extravasations of immunoglobulin induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (P < 0.05). On day 2 and day 7 SalB attenuated the expression of MMP-9 and NOS2 (P < 0.05). SalB (10 mg x kg(-1)) reduced the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 apparently on day 2 and 7 after ischemia-reperfusion (P < 0.05). SalB (1 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited the expression of p-p38 on day 7 after ischemia-reperfusion (P < 0.05). The results indicate that SalB protects blood-brain barrier in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting the MAPK pathway.
Animals ; Benzofurans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect platelet antigen modification by mPEG-SPA with different molecular masses.

METHODSPlatelet CD42a was modified by 5 kD and 20 kD mPEG-SPA, respectively, and the fluorescence intensity of CD42a was detect by flow cytometry and the three-dimensional structure of CD42a simulated to analyze the distribution of lysine in CD42a molecule.

RESULTSAfter platelet CD42a modification by 5 kD and 20 kD mPEG-SPA, the fluorescence intensity of CD42a decreased sharply by 85.54% and 88.65%, respectively, and multiple lysine regions were identified on the surface of CD42a molecule.

CONCLUSIONBoth 5 kD and 20 kD mPEG-SPA allow useful modification of platelet CD42a, but 20 kD mPEG-SPA is more advantageous than 5 kD mPEG-SPA.

Blood Platelets ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Succinimides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze the molecular characteristics of the newly isolated two Japanese encephalitis virus strains (JEV) in Wuhan.

METHODSThe mosquitoes were collected in Wuhan from April to October in 2009. The envelope (E) protein gene of JEV was detected using RT-PCR and sequenced. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using DNAstar and MegAlign.

RESULTSTwo Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains (WHJX09-9, WHJX09-10) were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus among 16 mosquito pools and identified as genotype I. The result showed that the homology of the two strains was 98. 9% in nucleotides and 100% in deduced amines. The comparison between the new genotype 1 JEV strains and live attenuated vaccine strain SA14-14-2 in E gene showed that the homology of nucleotide sequence was 87.4% and 87.9%, the homology of amino acid was 96.9% (total 15 amino acid were different) in E gene. The mutation sites of amino acid distributed among three different coding domain, but no antigen binding site and neurotoxin-involved site of amino acid were changed.

CONCLUSIONWuhan had appeared a new genotype of JEV which was different from the former strain isolated in Wuhan, the new JEV strains still had neurotoxicity but had high homology with the vaccine strains adopted in Wuhan. The vaccine could still be adopted to prevent Japanese encephalitis if steps were take to eradicate mosquitos at the same time. laboratory surveillance were also an important task to build an early-warning mechanism against JEV.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; China ; Culicidae ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

BACKGROUNDDonor and recipient risk factors on graft function have been well characterized. The contribution of demographic factors, such as age, gender, and other potential factors of donor and recipient at the time of transplantation on the function of a graft is much less well understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of factors such as age, gender, etc., on the short-term and long-term graft function in kidney transplant recipients from living donor.

METHODSA total of 335 living donors and their recipients, who had kidney transplantation in our center from May 2004 to December 2009, were included. Serum creatinine level was used as the assessment criterion (serum creatinine level lower than 115 mmol/L is normal). Factors related to graft function such as age, gender, blood relation by consanguinity, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch, ABO type, etc., were analyzed separately.

RESULTSDonor age is the key factor affecting both the short-term and long-term function of a grafted kidney from a living donor. The group with donors younger than 48 years showed the best kidney function post transplantation. Match of gender and age is another important factor that influences the function of grafted kidney from a living donor. The older donor to younger recipient group had the worst outcome after kidney transplantation. After 36 months post transplantation, female donor to male recipient group had worse kidney function compared to other groups. We also found that calcinerin inhibitor used in the maintenance period may influence the function of a grafted kidney. No significant statistical differences were found in consanguinity, blood type, and mismatch of HLA.

CONCLUSIONSDonor age is an important factor affecting the function of a grafted kidney from a living donor. We also recommend taking nephron, immunology factor, infection, and demographic information all into consideration when assessing the outcome of kidney transplantation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging ; Child ; Female ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDTo study the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6/E7 and TPA (12-O-tetradecanog-1-phorbol-13-acetate) on malignant transformation of human embryo oral tissue.

METHODSRecombinant plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 was constructed and transfected into human embryo oral tissue. The oral tissue with HPV 16 E6/E7 gene or without the gene was inoculated into the hypophloeodal of right shoulder in scid mice, respectively. The study was conducted in four groups: the first group was the oral tissue transfected plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 plus TPA, which were inoculated into 8 scid mice; the second group was only oral tissue transfected with plasmid with HPV 16 E6/E7 into 6 scid mice; the third group was normal oral tissue plus TPA inoculated into 6 scid mice, and the final group was only normal oral tissue inoculated into 5 scid mice. Three days after inoculation, TPA was injected at the left shoulder of the mice once a week. Twelve weeks after inoculation, tumor was found in 7 scid mice from the first group. HPV 16 E6/E7 gene in tumor tissues was analyzed by PCR.

RESULTSThe rate of tumor formation was 7/8 in the first group; no tumor was found in the other groups. Pathological diagnosis of the tumor was fibrohistiocytoma. HPV 16 E6/E7 gene was detected by PCR in tumor tissues.

CONCLUSIONWith the cooperating action of TPA, human oral tissue containing HPV 16 E6/E7 gene could cause malignant transformation in scid mice.

Animals ; Carcinogens ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of early application of high-volume hemofiltration treatment (HVHF) on the levels of lactic acid, pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma, as well as APACHE II score in patients suffering from severe sepsis.

METHODSThirty patients meeting the diagnosis of severe sepsis were enrolled in the trial within 24 hours of insults. The level of lactic acid, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CRP in plasma were measured before HVHF and at 24, 48 or 72 h following HVHF treatment.

RESULTThe plasma levels of lactic acid and IL-6 decreased significantly at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after HVHF (P <0.05), while, IL-10 did not differ significantly following HVHF (P>0.05), when compared with that before HVHF.

CONCLUSIONThe early application of HVHF could clear the plasma lactic acid and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improve the tissue oxygenation in severe sepsis.

APACHE ; Adult ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sepsis ; blood ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To execute physical performance testing of Mobetron 2000 mobile intraoperative radiotherapy system.Methods Mobetron 2000 mobile intraoperative radiotherapy system had its indexes measured according to TG51 protocol such as percent depth dose (PDD),output dose,beam energy,field flatness and symmetry,X-ray pollution,dose linearity and repeatability.Three-dimensional water phantom was used for verification and acceptance when the measurement was executed,while the calimator end was tangent to the water surface and the nominal ource-skin distance was 50 cm.Results All the indexes of the system met the desired requirements except 12 MeV beam energy.Conclusion The system can be promoted clinically for safe,reliable and efficient treatment.

OBJECTIVETo measure the content of silica in C1 bituminous coal and its combustion products in the high-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province, China and to investigate the relationship between high incidence of lung cancer among non-smoking women and silica produced naturally in C1 bituminous coal in Xuan Wei.

METHODSThe C1 bituminous coal widely used in the high-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei was selected as experiment group, while the C2+1, K7, and M30 bituminous coal that was mined and used in the low-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei for more than 10 years were selected as control group. Fourteen paraffin-embedded cancer tissue samples from the non-smoking women with non-small cell lung cancer who were born in Xuanwei and were at least the 3rd generation of the family living there were collected from the department of pathology, the third affiliated hospital of kunming medical university (tumor hospital of yunnan province). Titrimetric potassium silicofluoride method was used to measure the content of silica in raw coal and its bottom ashes in 20 samples from the experimental group and control group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of silica particles in C1 bituminous coal and its bottom ashes, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX) was used to analyze the microscopic composition. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of silica particles in the bottom ashes and coal soot of C1 bituminous coal as well as the lung cancer tissue from the non-smoking women in Xuanwei, and transmission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (TEM-EDX) was used to analyze the microscopic composition. The silica particles were separated from the coal soot and bottom ashes and characterized by physical method.

RESULTSThe silica content in C1 bituminous coal and its bottom ashes was significantly higher than that in C2+1, K7, and M30 bituminous coal (P < 0.05). The bottom ashes of C1 bituminous coal contained a large quantity of silica particles, mostly with microscale sizes. Silica particles were found in the soot of C1 bituminous coal and the lung cancer tissue from non-smoking women in Xuanwei. The silica particles in the bottom ashes were mostly 120 ∼ 500 nm in diameter, had various shapes, and contained such elements as iron, aluminium, calcium, and potassium; the silica particles in the coal soot were mostly nanoscale, ranging from 37 nm to 80 nm in diameter, had various shapes, with some in fibrous form, had non smooth surfaces, and contained such elements as iron, potassium, calcium, aluminium, and sulfur.

CONCLUSIONIn Xuanwei, the incidence of lung cancer among non-smoking women is high in the area where silica-rich C1 bituminous coal is produced. There are silica particles enriched in both the combustion products (coal soot and bottom ashes) of C1 bituminous coal and the cancer tissue from the non-smoking women with non-small cell lung cancer, with similar morphology and microscopic composition. We hypothesize that the silica particles from combusted C1 bituminous coal in Xuanwei are mixed with indoor air and inhaled along with other suspended particles.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Coal ; Coal Ash ; analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Silicon Dioxide ; analysis ; Smoking