Acute Disease ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Poisoning ; etiology ; prevention & control

Activation of microglia plays a vital role in the initiation and maintenance of specific neuropathic pain states. By activating microglia in central nervous system, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines and neuroactive compounds, participate in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain, and trigger the opiate side effects. Therefore, TLR4 may be a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. Inhibition of TLR4 has shown some biological effects in neuropathic pain models and ibudilast (the TLR4 pathway-inhibiting agent) has been approved for for phase 2 clinical trials. This article briefly reviews the structure, function, and mechanism of TLR4 as well as the development of TLR4-targeted drugs.
Humans ; Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

Objective To assess the inlfuence of depth on liver stiffness measurement with real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) and determine the optimal depth for SWE in liver. Methods SWE of liver was performed on 89 healthy volunteers between May 2012 and November 2012. The depths of each liver were varied from 0 cm to 7 cm (from the liver capsule) in 1 cm increment and there were 8 depth groups in total. Then the elastic modulus of liver in each depth group were measured three times by SWE. The body mass index (BMI) and the distance from body surface to liver capsule were documented. The success rates and the mean elastic modulus of each group were calculated. Results The success rates of 0-7 cm were 0, 98.9%(88/89), 98.9%(88/89), 98.9%(88/89), 71.9%(64/89), 24.7%(22/89), 3.4%(3/89) and 0, respectively. The success rates were highest in 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm groups but signiifcant decreased with the increasement of depths in 4 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm groups ( 3 cm vs 4 cm, χ2=25.94, P<0.001; 4 cm vs 5 cm, χ2=39.68, P<0.001;5 cm vs 6 cm,χ2=16.79, P<0.001). The mean elastic modulus of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm groups were (4.77±0.99), (4.68±0.99), (4.76±0.95), (5.19±1.10) and (5.41±0.95) kPa, respectively. The mean elastic modulus of 4 cm and 5 cm groups were signiifcant higher than those of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm groups (4 cm vs 1 cm, t=-2.85, P=0.005;4 cm vs 2 cm, t=-3.49, P=0.001;4 cm vs 3 cm, t=-2.76, P=0.006;5 cm vs 1 cm, t=-3.13, P=0.002;5 cm vs 2 cm, t=-3.66, P=0.000;5 cm vs 3 cm, t=-3.05, P=0.003). In the group of 4 cm, the BMI and the distance from body surface to liver capsule of the volunteers performed successfully and unsuccessfully were (20.70±2.87), (22.07±2.42) kg/m2 and (1.45±0.25 ), (1.60±0.29) cm, respectively. In the group of 5 cm, the BMI and the distance from body surface to liver capsule of the volunteers performed successfully and unsuccessfully were (19.82±2.76), (21.49±2.72) kg/m2 and (1.35±0.21), (1.54±0.26) cm respectively. The BMI had no signiifcant difference between the successful and unsuccessful groups (t=-2.83, P=0.108 for 4 cm;t=0.77, P=0.709 for 5 cm), but the distance from body surface to liver capsule was signiifcantly different (t=26.51, P=0.012 for 4 cm;t=79.57, P=0.004 for 5 cm). Conclusions The success rates and elastic modulus were different at different depths. SWE should be performed at the depths of 1-3 cm from the liver capsule.

Objective To investigate cerebral MRI characteristics of patients with eclampsia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 15 cases of eclampsia and items reviewed cover all data concerning clinical features,cerebral MRI findings and results of follow-up survey.Results All of these patients had clinical symptoms of.blurred vision,headache,seizure,hypertension,proteinuria and edema of lower extremity.As for the characteristics of imaging,13 cases had only abnormal symmetric signals in parieto-occipital lobes,frontal lobe and basal ganglia were involved in 2 cases,and temporal lobe was involved in 1 case.The signals of lesions in DWI were isointense or hypointense,however they were hyperintense in ADC map.Two cases had hyperintense signals in DWI.All the patients recovered well,and all brain lesions disappeared during follow up.Conclusion The most important imaging of eclampsia is vasogenic edema with a good prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the features and patterns of acupoint selection in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by data mining technique. Methods:Relevant clinical studies published before 25 June, 2017 were searched in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang). Results:A total of 122 papers were included, involving 69 points. It was found that the top three points on the frequency list were Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Weishu (BL 21). The points selected were distributed in 11 meridians, in which the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming, Conception Vessel, and Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang ranked the top and accounted for 74.0％ of the total frequency. Of the involved specific points, Five Shu-Transmitting points, crossing points and Back-Shu points ranked the top, accounting for 47.1％. The analysis of association pattern has shown that Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12) won the highest support rate in the paired groups; Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21) and Zhongwan (CV 12) had the highest support rate among the point groups. The Five Shu-Transmitting points and the Lower He-Sea points had the highest support rate among the specific point groups. Conclusion: The data mining results of the studies on acupuncture-moxibustion for CAG are substantially in line with the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment theories in traditional Chinese medicine. The results can reflect the acupoint selection patterns in treatment of CAG and provide reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of CAG in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis (OMDT) induced by trichloroethylene (TCE) and some immunity indexes in workers occupationally exposed to TCE.

METHODSThe blood samples from 8 cases with medicamentosa-like dermatitis in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks after admitting to hospital were examined for liver function, immunoglobulin and some complement indexes. Thirty nine workers occupationally exposed to TCE were investigated for urinary TCE and some immuno-complement indexes. The TCE concentrations of air in workplaces were monitored.

RESULTSC3d-CIC and C3 of patients before admission were (92.86 ± 44.80) mg/L and 0.91 ± 0.19 mg/L, respectively. C3d-CIC and C3 of patients before discharge were (52.41 ± 17.75) mg/L and (1.14 ± 0.22) mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences between admission and discharge (P < 0.05). The average TCE concentration in 4 workplaces was (351.96 ± 36.72) mg/m(3), which was higher than the occupational exposure limits (OELs). The number of workers exposed to the TCE concentration-time weighted and TCA in urine over OELs were 28.21% and 56.41% of total subjects, respectively. The serum IgG and CIC levels of patients before discharge were (10.03 ± 1.21) mg/L and 103.50 ± 29.17 mU/L, which were significantly lower than those (17.21 ± 1.85) mg/L and (227.46 ± 111.67) mU/L of patients before admission (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe type II and III hypersensitivity may be associated with OMDT and the organ injure induced by TCE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Complement System Proteins ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in cerebral oxygenation responses between the infants born preterm and full-term infants and to evaluate the early cognitive ability of infants born preterm.

METHODSCerebral oxygenation after light stimulation was detected by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm infants at 3 or 6 months corrected gestational age (GA). The results were compared with those of age-matched infants born at term.

RESULTSThe start and peak response time of cerebral oxygenation occurring after light stimulation in preterm infants at 3 months corrected GA was 17.2 +/- 5.2 and 38.4 +/- 9.6 seconds respectively, which were significantly longer than in age-matched term infants (13.1 +/- 2.7 and 28.9 +/- 5.0 seconds respectively) (P < 0.05). The maximum response value of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and regional oxygen saturation of the preterm infants at 3 months corrected GA was (1.2 +/- 0.5)%, (1.5 +/- 0.6)%, and (1.3 +/- 0.4)% respectively , which were significantly lower than that of the term infants [(2.3 +/- 0.3)%, (2.8 +/- 0.3)% and (2.4 +/- 0.5)% respectively] (P < 0.05). Cerebral oxygenation responses to light stimulation in preterm infants examined at 6 months corrected GA were not significantly different from age-matched term infants.

CONCLUSIONSCerebral oxygenation responses to light stimulation in infants born preterm at 3 months corrected GA are not as good as age-matched term infants, but were close to the level of age-matched term infants at 6 months corrected GA. This suggests that the early cognitive ability of preterm infants before 3 months corrected GA might fall behind age-matched term infants.

Brain ; metabolism ; Cognition ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) of a major intracranial artery, including middle cerebral artery (MCA),basilar artery, is the most common causes of stroke and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke in China. The difficulty to treatment these high-risk disease is to identify high-risk stroke subgroups and to develop more effective treatments (aggressive medical therapy/endovascular therapy). With the benefits, including non-invasive, in vivo, and no-ionizing radiation, 3.0 Tesla high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR MRI) could be used to stratify high-risk patients, monitor progression of disease, and evaluate clinical efficacy, based on MCA wall structure and plaque characteristic. HR MRI has the latency of predicting high-risk patients benefit from endovascular therapy, having a broad application prospect during psot-SAMMPRIS era. The current research on MCA stenosis using HR MRI focuses on methodoiogy, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, etiology, and lacks of clinical efficiency evaluation and prognostic analysis of ICAD treatment, especially lacks the research on in-stent restenosis, which needs further investigation.
Brain ; China ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; pathology ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Prognosis ; Stroke ; Treatment Outcome

Novel reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SwIV) with the matrix gene from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus have been isolated in many countries as well as during outbreaks in multiple states in the United States, indicating that H3N2 SwIV might be a potential threat to public health. Since southern China is the world's largest producer of pigs, efficient vaccines should be developed to prevent pigs from acquiring H3N2 subtype SwIV infections, and thus limit the possibility of SwIV infection at agricultural fairs. In this study, a high-growth reassortant virus (GD/PR8) was generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics and tested as a candidate inactivated vaccine. The protective efficacy of this vaccine was evaluated in mice by challenging them with another H3N2 SwIV isolate [A/Swine/Heilongjiang/1/05 (H3N2) (HLJ/05)]. Prime and booster inoculation with GD/PR8 vaccine yielded high-titer serum hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and IgG antibodies. Complete protection of mice against H3N2 SwIV was observed, with significantly reduced lung lesion and viral loads in vaccine-inoculated mice relative to mock-vaccinated controls. These results suggest that the GD/PR8 vaccine may serve as a promising candidate for rapid intervention of H3N2 SwIV outbreaks in China.
Animals ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/*genetics/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/genetics/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/immunology ; Reverse Genetics/methods/*veterinary ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; Virus Replication

The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of cinnamic aldehyde (CA) on chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cells and its mechanism. K562 cells and primary bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with CML were treated by various concentrations of CA. Flow cytometry was employed to measure the apoptosis of K562 cells and primary CML bone marrow MNC. Western blot was used to determine the expression of C-MYC and the phosphorylation of CrkL in K562 cells, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to quantify the expression of BCR-ABL mRNA in K562 cells. The results indicated that CA induced the apoptosis of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CA induced apoptosis of CML MNC dose-dependently. CA inhibited the expression of BCR-ABL mRNA and C-MYC, reduced CrkL phosphorylation levels in K562 cells. It is concluded that CA induces apoptosis of CML cells in vitro. Down-regulation of the expression and function of BCR-ABL may be one of its most important anti-leukemia mechanisms.
Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; metabolism ; pathology