We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver. The activities of lipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P<0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.
Animals ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Linoleic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Lipogenesis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Perciformes ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate efficacy and advantages of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) synthetic rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of wrist dysfunction after distal radius fractures.

METHODSFrom May 2014 to October 2015, 72 patients with distal radius fracture meeting standards were treated using central randomization system for clinical research. All the patients were divided into two groups: 36 patients in test group and 36 in control group. Sixty-nine cases were finished treatment and followed up in the end. The test group fell off 1 case, and the control group fell off 2 cases. The test group was given TCM synthetic rehabilitation (manipulative therapy, joint mobilization, soaking-washing with Chinese medicinal herbs, functional exercise), and the control group was given functional exercise as well as soaking-washing with Chinese medicinal herbs, 3 weeks for both. Five evaluation standards were used in this research, which were grip strength, patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), Gartland and Werley wrist score, self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and the overall curative effect evaluation. Before treatment(baseline), after 3 weeks of treatment and 3 months after fracture were the three points in time when collected the data.

RESULTSAfter 3 weeks of treatment and 3 months after fracture, the test group had a significantly better results than those of control group in the PRWE, G-W wrist score and the overall curative effect evaluation(<0.05). In terms of grip strength recovery, after 3 weeks of treatment, the intergroup difference between the test group and the control group were statistically significant relative to the baseline regarding grip strength of ipsilateral wrist by group t-test(<0.05). However, the test group and the control group had no statistically significant relative to the baseline at 3 months after fracture in grip strength(<0.05). For the anxiety of patients, compared with the test group and control group at before and after rehabilitation treatment, the anxiety of both test group and control group cases was eased(<0.05). However, The degree of anxiety relief in test group and control group cases had no difference(>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe TCM synthetic rehabilitation therapy has better curative effects on the treatment of functional disability of wrist joints after distal radius fractures than the general therapy of soaking-washing with Chinese medicinal herbs and functional exercise.