Objective To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) in human gastric cancer, and to evaluate the correlation of PAK4 protein level with clinical pathologic parameters. Methods Immunohistochemical method was employed for detecting the expression of PAK4 in tissue samples obtained from 95 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment. Western blot was also used to measure the expression of PAK4 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa in 40 patients and also in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive PAK4 expression in the gastric cancer tissues was 67.4%, and 96.9% of those (62/64) was located in the cytoplasm, while only 3.1% (2/64) was on the cell membrane. Expression of PAK4 was revealed to be significantly and positively correlated with both TNM stage (X2=10. 426, P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (X2= 4.912, P<0.05 ). Western blot showed that PAK4 expression of gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that of adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa (t=-5. 978, P<0.01). Expression of PAK4 could also be detected in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Compared with GES-1, expression of PAK4 is higher in MKN45, AGS, N87 and BGC823, but it was lower in MGC803, MKN1 and SGC7901. Conclusion The overexpression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) may be correlated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) in human gastric cancer, and to evaluate the correlation of PAK4 protein level with clinical pathologic parameters. Methods Immunohistochemical method was employed for detecting the expression of PAK4 in tissue samples obtained from 95 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment. Western blot was also used to measure the expression of PAK4 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa in 40 patients and also in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive PAK4 expression in the gastric cancer tissues was 67.4%, and 96.9% of those (62/64) was located in the cytoplasm, while only 3.1% (2/64) was on the cell membrane. Expression of PAK4 was revealed to be significantly and positively correlated with both TNM stage (X2=10. 426, P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (X2= 4.912, P<0.05 ). Western blot showed that PAK4 expression of gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that of adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa (t=-5. 978, P<0.01). Expression of PAK4 could also be detected in 7 human gastric cancer cell lines. Compared with GES-1, expression of PAK4 is higher in MKN45, AGS, N87 and BGC823, but it was lower in MGC803, MKN1 and SGC7901. Conclusion The overexpression of p21-activated kinase4 (PAK4) may be correlated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Biopsy ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

This article introduces the definition, classification, premarket admission and other administering specialities about In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents in the U.S.A. and China. And by analyzing manufacture and administration of In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents in our country, It is pointed out that a suitable administering model in accordance with the characteristics of In-Vitro Diagnostic Reagents should be adopted to perfect the administration.
China ; Device Approval ; Indicators and Reagents ; classification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; classification ; standards ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of commercial peritoneal dialysate (CDS) on function of macrophage. METHODS: Cultured peritoneal macrophages were divided into two experimental groups and their controls.(1) Macrophages were cultured in conditioned culture medium containing 50%CDS (0.139 mol/L glucose) for 24 h. (2)Macrophage were exposed to CDS containing 0.139mol/L glucose for 10, 30 and 60 min respectively, and then cultured in CDS-free medium for 24 h. The nitric oxide (NO) production and MTT in two groups were measured. In each control group, CDS was replaced by same amount of culture medium. RESULTS: NO production and MTT reduction ability (related to cell viability) of experimental groups were remarkably lower than those of controls and the NO production and MTT reduction in 60min CDS-exposed group were lower than that of 10 min and 30 min CDS-exposed group. CONCLUSION: Dialysate may have detrimental effects on viability and other function of macrophage and these effects may related to time length of CDS exposure.

This article makes a pilot study on the key points of the quality management system of in-vitro diagnostic reagents by analyzing the technical characteristics and production methods of these products as well as the status in quo, and problems the in-vitro diagnostic reagent industry in China is facing nowadays. It can serve as a reference to the supervision departments and the manufacturers in this field which are establishing and running the quality management system.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; chemistry ; standards ; Pilot Projects ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; organization & administration ; Quality Control ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; standards ; Safety Management ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; organization & administration ; standards ; Total Quality Management

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.

METHODMTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.

RESULTThe growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.

CONCLUSIONKLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coix ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; enzymology ; Injections ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of viral infections and putative association of viral infection with illness severity in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Chongqing.

METHODRespiratory secretion specimens were collected from 119 hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia from December 2006 to March 2008.After being processed, the samples were detected for respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 (PIV 1, 2, 3), influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB) either by PCR or RT-PCR. Clinical data were analyzed along with virological data by using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTViral pathogens were identified in specimens of 86 (72.3%) cases, among which RSV was detected in 49 (41.2%) patients. More than one virus was detected in 23 individual (26.7%) samples, of which 19 were dual positive for RSV and another virus. Bacterial cultures were performed for 69 patients. Both bacterial and viral pathogens were identified in 53 (76.8%) patients. Bacterial and viral coinfection was demonstrated in samples from 41 (59.4%) cases.

CONCLUSIONViral pathogens are the main etiology of severe pneumonia in young children in Chongqing area during the study period. RSV was the most frequent viral pathogens, followed by ADV and hMPV. Coinfection with respiratory common viruses was relatively common, though co-infection with viruses did not appear to aggravate the patients' condition.

Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Human bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza A virus ; isolation & purification ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology ; virology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; microbiology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases ; virology

AIMTo establish the methods for determining the activity of sphingosine kinase(SPK) and the content of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in biological samples.

METHODSThe ECV304 cells were transfected with pcDNA3 vector encoding Flag-labeled SPK gene. The expression of SPK was measured by Western blot assay and the activity of SPK was determined by enzymatic reaction, isotope incorporation and thin-layer chromatography methods. The S1P in biological samples was extracted, digested by alkaline phosphatase and then catalyzed by SPK. The S1P contents were determined according to the amounts of products.

RESULTSSPK gene transfection could enhance the expression and activity of SPK in cells markedly, and the cellular S1P was also increased obviously. HGF stimulation could increase the activity of SPK and cellular S1P in ECV304 cells.

CONCLUSIONMethods for determining the activity of SPK and the content of SPK in biological samples were established.

Cell Line ; Cytophotometry ; Humans ; Isotope Labeling ; Lysophospholipids ; metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; metabolism ; Sphingosine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism

To analyze the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics