?AIM:To observe the values and changing rules of angle Kappa in corneal refractive surgery under light and dark conditions.?METHODS:Two hundred and thirty-four eyes of 118 patients for corneal refractive surgery were enrolled for this study.Pupil diameters and angle Kappa values under light and dark conditions were measured by Keratron Scout corneal topography.?RESULTS: There were significant differences in pupil diameters between light and dark conditions (P<0.01). More angle Kappa of both eyes distributed in the superior nasal quadrant under light conditions, and more angle Kappa distributed in the superior temporal quadrant under dark conditions.The differences of horizontal and vertical offsets of angle Kappa under two conditions were statistically significant (P<0.01).?CONCLUSION: The changes of pupil diameters in light and dark conditions could affect angle Kappa and then affect the accuracy of corneal refractive surgery centered on angle Kappa.

Carnosol has been proved to have anti-breast cancer effect in previous research. But its ER subtype's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation and its estrogen receptor α and β's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms with ER positive breast cancer T47D cell. With estrogen receptor α and β antagonists MPP and PHTPP as tools, the MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to observe the effect of carnosol on T47D cell proliferation. The changes in the T47D cell proliferation cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of carnosol on ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells was measured by Western blot. The findings showed that 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly inhibit the T47D cell proliferation, which could be enhanced by MPP or weakened by PHTPP. Meanwhile, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) or 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly increase ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells, and remarkably increase ERα/ERβ ratio. The results showed that carnosol showed the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ER positive breast cancer cells through target cell ER, especially ERβ pathway. In the meantime, carnosol could regulate expressions and proportions of target cell ER subtype ERα and ERβ.
Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Cycloartane triterpenoids, which exist widely in nature, are mainly distributed in Astragalus (Leguminosae) species, Trib. Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) and Thalictrium (Ranunculaceae) species and possess various bioactivities. Along with the development of isolation techniques of phytochemistry, more and more this kind of compounds are isolated and identified. However, bioactivity researches on the compounds are relatively lagged behind. Most researches are still in screening level, deficient in mechanism elucidation, short of action proven in vivo and SAR analysis. The author summarized the bioactivity of this kind of compounds from all aspects: anti-tumor, anti-virus, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, immune-regulatory, cardiovascular system, hepatic protection and so forth. This will be benefit for the further research and development of the compounds.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Thalictrum ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe whether electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36) reduces endotoxin-induced hepatic injury in rats and to explore the mechanism.

METHODSForty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, a endotoxin group, an EA group, a normal group and a non-acupoint group. Hepatic injury rat model was prepared by injection of endotoxin (5 mg/kg) into the caudal vein, the normal group received the injection of the equal amount of saline; for the EA group, EA (2-100 Hz, 2 mA, 1.5 h) was given at "Zusanli" (ST 36) half an hour after modeling, and for the non-acupoint group, acupuncture was given at the point 5 mm lateral to and 5 mm below "Zusanli" (ST 36), and other treatments were as same as those in the EA group.

RESULTSInjection of endotoxin into the caudal vein could significantly increase TNF-alpha content in the liver and plasma ALT activity (P<0.01), which were decreased by EA (P<0.01) and were not significantly changed in the non-acupoint group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal increases of TNF-alpha content in the liver and plasma ALT activity induced by endotoxin can be decreased by EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36), protecting the organ, and the mechanism is possibly related with the decrease of TNF-alpha content in the liver.

Acupuncture Points ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Objective:This study discusses the job preferences of Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)staffs at the prefectural-level,and provides a basis for the development of an effective incentive mechanism.Method:This study used a combination of stratified sampling and purposive sampling to research online 455 staffs from six prefectural-level CDCs in Shandong Province,analyzed the data using a mixed logit model and latent class model,and calculated willingness to pay and relative importance.Result:In the mixed logit model,income,benefit level,establishment,workload,recognition and respect from the public,personal career development opportunities,and training opportunities all had significant influences(P<0.05)on the job selection preferences of the CDC staffs,with hygiene factors such as establishment(β =2.636)and income(β =0.083)having a greater degree of influence than motivation factors.The latent class model shows that relatively young CDC staffs with lower monthly incomes value income more;older CDC staffs with higher monthly incomes value establishment more.Conclusion:Prefectural-level CDC staffs prefer jobs with establishment,higher incomes,very good benefit levels,recognition and respected from the public,lower workloads,many opportunities for personal career advancement and abundant training opportunities.It is recommended that the total number of establishments be rationally controlled and dynamically adjusted to balance the differences between working conditions within and outside the establishment and that the financial input to CDC be increased and the pay performance system be improved;that attention be paid to both hygiene factors and motivation factors,and that a variety of measures work together to incentivize CDC staffs development;and that differentiated incentives be adopted for different categories of CDC staffs.

BACKGROUNDVarious surgical approaches have been successfully used in the treatment of thoracolumbar disc herniation (TLDH). Although the anterior transthoracic approach has a reputation for better visualization than the posterolateral and lateral approaches, it involves the manipulation of the thoracic and pulmonary structures. Thus, this approach is technically demanding and prone to compromising the respiratory system. An ideal approach would involve adequate visualization and be accomplished through the posterior midline approach that is familiar to spine surgeons. The objective of this retrospective preliminary clinical study was to introduce a new surgical procedure, circumspinal decompression through a single posterior incision, for the treatment of TLDH (T10/11-L1/2) and to evaluate the surgical outcome of this procedure by comparing it to the conventional anterior transthoracic approach.

METHODSIn this study, 15 patients (10 males, 5 females; mean age 51 years) with symptomatic TLDH underwent the circumspinal decompression through a single posterior incision procedure between January 2008 and December 2009. Altogether, 17 herniated discs were excised, with 2 discs at T10/11, 4 discs at T11/12, 5 discs at T12/L1 and 6 discs at L1/2. Of these patients, 13 were followed up with a mean follow-up period of 23.5 months. Clinical outcomes, including operative time, blood loss, perioperative complications, postoperative time of hospitalization, neurologic status improvement, back pain and correction of local kyphosis, were investigated by comparing these data with the results from patients who underwent the anterior transthoracic approach for TLDH during the same period. The patients' neurologic status was evaluated by a modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system of 11 points. Neurologic status improvement after the surgery was assessed by calculating the recovery rate, which was equal to the (postoperative JOA score-preoperative JOA score)/(11-preoperative JOA score)×100%. The rates of patients who improved at the final follow-up were also assessed.

RESULTSThe mean operative time was 183 minutes, the mean blood loss was 1067 ml, and the mean postoperative hospitalization time was 8.4 days. Three patients suffered perioperative complications, but none of these complications involved the respiratory system. Local kyphotic angles at the fusion levels were reduced. Of the 13 patients that were followed up, 12 improved at the final follow-up, with a mean recovery rate of 52.8%. Patients who underwent the circumspinal decompression procedure showed a higher percentage of improvement at the final follow-up, a higher degree of local kyphosis correction and a lower percentage of complications (especially respiratory complications) compared to patients who underwent the anterior transthoracic decompression procedure.

CONCLUSIONSThe circumspinal decompression through a single posterior incision procedure is an effective and safe technique that is comparable to anterior tranthoracic approach for the surgical treatment of TLDH patients. It could be an attractive choice in certain circumstances.

Adult ; Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of cell cycle related factor sonic hedgehog (SHH) in autogenous vein graft and its relation with neointima formation.

METHODSAutogenous vein graft model were established in 24 male Wistar rats of 8 weeks old and 140 g weight, by transplanting the left jugular vein to intra renal abdominal aorta with microsurgical technique. Graft veins were harvested at 14 d and 28 d after transplantation. The immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the SHH and PCNA expression in the vein graft. At the same time SHH mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The opposite normal veins served as control.

RESULTSHistological staining showed that the percent of SHH+ cells was only (2.0 +/- 0.5)% in the normal vein, but was much more in the vein graft after surgery, as (39.4 +/- 0.4)% and (63.0 +/- 0.3)% respectively (P < 0.01). The expression of SHH and PCNA were both elevated in the vein graft. There was a positive correlation between them which indicated by Western blot (r = 0.808, P < 0.01). The SHH mRNA content also increased in vein graft to 9.5 and 23.8 folds of that in control.

CONCLUSIONSHH is upregulated in autogenous vein grafts and may correlated with the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Animals ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neointima ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Tunica Intima ; metabolism ; Veins ; metabolism ; pathology ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features of facial nerve neuroma about its diagnosis and management.

METHODSTen patients with facial nerve neuroma were analyzed retrospectively from February 1993 to August 2005. The period of follow-up varied from 1.5 years to 10 years (mean 5 years). Facial nerve function was evaluated with House-Brackmann grading system.

RESULTSThe patients complained of facial paralysis in 7 cases, otitis media in 1 case, a mass in parotid gland in 1 case and a mass on the side of the orbital on face in 1 case. Seven patients were undergone either CT scan or MRI or both. Image studies revealed mass located along the facial nerve course from the nerve endings to the intracranial parts. All the patients accepted the surgery. Intraoperative findings showed that the tumor location matched the image findings. Postoperative pathological diagnosis demonstrated 8 Schwannoma, 2 neurofibroma. There was partial tumor resection in 1 patient accepted and his nerve function was unchanged. Four patients were undergone facial nerve graft but 1 case failed while facial nerve function was improved in 3 other patients. Two patients underwent tumor resection while the continuity of facial nerve was preserved as result their facial nerve function improved respectively. No facial nerve reconstruction was done on other 2 patients.

CONCLUSIONSMultiple origins of facial nerve neuroma were noted and the most common system was facial nerve palsy. The decision on how to treat these patients should be individualized and based on initial facial function, growth rate, surgical experience and informed patient consent. The more effective methods need being seeked for the management of facial nerve neuroma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; physiopathology ; Facial Paralysis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of verumontanum hypertrophy with chronic prostatitis.

METHODSFifty-two patients with chronic prostatitis underwent cystourethroscopy for comparing the size of the verumontanum before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment, all the patients showed different degrees verumontanum hypertrophy, of whom 50 were treated by conventional drug therapy, and the other 2 with voiding dysfunction by drug therapy combined with transurethral resection. Cystourethroscopy revealed significantly decreased size of the verumontanum in 44 of the patients after treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with chronic prostatitis often have verumontanum hypertrophy, which could be an indicator of the effect of treatment.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Genitalia, Male ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult