Recently, the clinical trials of combined immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular were completed successfully (Imbrave150, Keynote524), which have significantly increased the objective response rate and prolonged median overall survival time. The success of combined immunotherapy provides great potential and reality for subsequent surgical intervention of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nowadays, the hot topics of combined immunotherapy include the choices of combined immunotherapy, the perioperative period determination, tumor immune microenvironment, and effective biomarkers of immunotherapy selection, and so on. This paper intends to summarize the above-related issues.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans

China ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; methods ; trends ; Traumatology ; methods ; trends

The venom of Naja naja atra from Guangdong province has been separated into 27 fractions by CM-Sephadex C-25 column chromatog-raphy. One lethal toxin fraction was further purified by ion-exchange rechromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and by gel filtration on Sep-hadex G-50 and was named fraction XVII-B2. It can abolish the responses of chikea biventer cervisis muscle to indirect stimulation or to Ach. but not affects the responses to direct stimulation Or K+. On the other hand, it has no effects on Straub's frog hearts in vitro,but its LD50 for mice is about 75ug/kg.Slab-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and isoelectrofocusing were performed to test the homogeneity of the fraction. Some immunological methods were also used. The molecular weight and pl for this fraction are about 7200 daltons by SDS-PAGE and pH 8.5 by isoelectrofocusing. The resemblance between the fraction and cobratoxin has been analysed by comparing the amino acid composition. We have used it successfully in radio ligand assay of nicotinic receptor preparations from Narcine maculata electric organ.The experiment data show that the fraction may be a short post-synaptic neurotoxin and may be an effective tool In studies of acetyl-choline receptor.

Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Chronic Disease ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Rhinitis ; surgery ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; therapy

Contraindications ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans

Asthma ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of obtaining good quality ultrasound pictures of sutures and anterior fontanelle with three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasound. Methods Eighty fetuses at 16-35 weeks of gestation were evaluated with two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound. The sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal and metopic sutures, as well as anterior fontanelle, were inspected. Results The visualization of the sagittal suture of three-dimensional ultrasound was significantly superior to that of two-dimensional ultrasound, while no significant difference in visualization of the metopic, lambdoidal, coronal sutures and anterior fontanelle was found between the two modalities. The visualization of all sutures and anterior fontanelle was significantly superior with three-dimensional ultrasonography to that of two-dimensional ultrasonography before 30 weeks of gestation, whereas no significant difference was found between the two modalities after 30 weeks of gestation. Conclusion Three-dimensional ultrasound can provide more comprehensive information of fetal cranial sutures and anterior fontanelle than two-dimensional ultrasound does. Three-dimensional ultrasound can also supply high visualization of all sutures and anterior fontanelle before 30 weeks of gestation.

Objective To assess the application value of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in visualizing fetal cranial sutures and fontanels. Methods One hundred women at different pregnant ages (16-19~+ weeks, 20-24~+ weeks, 25-29~+ weeks, 30-34~+ weeks, respectively) underwent 3D ultrasound, in order to observe the cranial sutures and fontanels of fetuses. Results ①Most cranial sutures and fontanels (70.00%-98.00%) could be visualized with 3D ultrasound. However, the sagittal suture revealed a lower displaying rate (53.00%) than others. ②At different pregnant ages, there was no significant difference of displaying rate of the metopic, coronal, squamoal sutures and the sphenoid, mastoid fontanels between fetuses and there was significant difference of displaying rate of the anterior and post fontanels, sagittal and lambdoid sutures. Conclusion 3D ultrasound can be used as an effective method for visualizing fetal cranial sutures and fontanels.