Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans

China ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; methods ; trends ; Traumatology ; methods ; trends

The venom of Naja naja atra from Guangdong province has been separated into 27 fractions by CM-Sephadex C-25 column chromatog-raphy. One lethal toxin fraction was further purified by ion-exchange rechromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and by gel filtration on Sep-hadex G-50 and was named fraction XVII-B2. It can abolish the responses of chikea biventer cervisis muscle to indirect stimulation or to Ach. but not affects the responses to direct stimulation Or K+. On the other hand, it has no effects on Straub's frog hearts in vitro,but its LD50 for mice is about 75ug/kg.Slab-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and isoelectrofocusing were performed to test the homogeneity of the fraction. Some immunological methods were also used. The molecular weight and pl for this fraction are about 7200 daltons by SDS-PAGE and pH 8.5 by isoelectrofocusing. The resemblance between the fraction and cobratoxin has been analysed by comparing the amino acid composition. We have used it successfully in radio ligand assay of nicotinic receptor preparations from Narcine maculata electric organ.The experiment data show that the fraction may be a short post-synaptic neurotoxin and may be an effective tool In studies of acetyl-choline receptor.

Recently, the clinical trials of combined immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular were completed successfully (Imbrave150, Keynote524), which have significantly increased the objective response rate and prolonged median overall survival time. The success of combined immunotherapy provides great potential and reality for subsequent surgical intervention of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nowadays, the hot topics of combined immunotherapy include the choices of combined immunotherapy, the perioperative period determination, tumor immune microenvironment, and effective biomarkers of immunotherapy selection, and so on. This paper intends to summarize the above-related issues.

Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Chronic Disease ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Rhinitis ; surgery ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; therapy

Contraindications ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans

Asthma ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

The first national epidemiologic survey of obesity of children 0-7 years old in urban area in China was conducted in 1986. A sampling size was 167,065 of eight main cities representing North, Middle and South of China (The cities are: Beijin, Harbin, Xian, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Fuzhou and Kunming). The definiton of obesity is that the weight for height of children is more than 20% of the weight for height of relatively well-nourished reference population of China. The prevalence is 0.9% (boy 0.93%, girl 0.90%). The geographical contribution of prevalence is 1.76% in North, 0.89% in Middle, 0.42% in South. The criteria period of obesity is 0-3 months and 4-5 years after birth.Bottle feeding, early introducing solid food (1-2 months after birth), early weaning and overfeeding are "obesiogenic" feeding pattern. Overeating much meat and less fruit and less activity in room are"obesiogenic"life pattern.It is estimated that the resourse of obese children will mainly" come from low income family in future. Parents' attitude plays an important role in aspect of overfeeding of obese children.The factor of spoiling children can not be ignored in etiology of obesity in childhood. The Chinese traditional social custom and cultural philosophy such as children's activity always being limited can result in higher prevalence of severe obesity in boys.Under the situation of economic, cultural and child health care service in China, now, the birth weight is not a good indicator of obesity in late life. Obesity in preschool children is not associated with hypertension.The author indicated that obesity has become a health problem of children in China. Attention should be focused on the popular health education on nutrition knowledge and changing the unresonable feeding pattern and life style.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of obtaining good quality ultrasound pictures of sutures and anterior fontanelle with three-dimensional and two-dimensional ultrasound. Methods Eighty fetuses at 16-35 weeks of gestation were evaluated with two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound. The sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal and metopic sutures, as well as anterior fontanelle, were inspected. Results The visualization of the sagittal suture of three-dimensional ultrasound was significantly superior to that of two-dimensional ultrasound, while no significant difference in visualization of the metopic, lambdoidal, coronal sutures and anterior fontanelle was found between the two modalities. The visualization of all sutures and anterior fontanelle was significantly superior with three-dimensional ultrasonography to that of two-dimensional ultrasonography before 30 weeks of gestation, whereas no significant difference was found between the two modalities after 30 weeks of gestation. Conclusion Three-dimensional ultrasound can provide more comprehensive information of fetal cranial sutures and anterior fontanelle than two-dimensional ultrasound does. Three-dimensional ultrasound can also supply high visualization of all sutures and anterior fontanelle before 30 weeks of gestation.