OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of commercial peritoneal dialysate (CDS) on function of macrophage. METHODS: Cultured peritoneal macrophages were divided into two experimental groups and their controls.(1) Macrophages were cultured in conditioned culture medium containing 50%CDS (0.139 mol/L glucose) for 24 h. (2)Macrophage were exposed to CDS containing 0.139mol/L glucose for 10, 30 and 60 min respectively, and then cultured in CDS-free medium for 24 h. The nitric oxide (NO) production and MTT in two groups were measured. In each control group, CDS was replaced by same amount of culture medium. RESULTS: NO production and MTT reduction ability (related to cell viability) of experimental groups were remarkably lower than those of controls and the NO production and MTT reduction in 60min CDS-exposed group were lower than that of 10 min and 30 min CDS-exposed group. CONCLUSION: Dialysate may have detrimental effects on viability and other function of macrophage and these effects may related to time length of CDS exposure.

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas.

METHODSData of SARS cases were collected from daily notification of China Ministry of Health and a database of infectious diseases was established by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control (BCDC). All the data were put into dataset files by Microsoft Excel-2000 and analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software.

RESULTSThe respective urban incidence and mortality rate were 29.06 and 2.21 per 100,000, while the case fatality rate was 7.62%. In contrast, the respective suburb incidence and mortality rate were 10.61 and 0.78 per 100,000, and the case fatality rate was 7.32%. No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the urban and suburb areas.

CONCLUSIONBeijing urban area suffered a more serious SARS epidemic than the suburb area in 2003.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population

Intussusception is a relatively common disease in children, but it is a rare clinical entity in adults. More than 80% of all patients with intussusception are less than two years of age, but adults account for only 5 to 10 percent of all intussusception cases. The significance of this disease in the aspect of statistics is mentioned as "rule of fives", which means 5% of all intussusceptions occur in adults, and it accounts for up to 5% of all cases of bowel obstruction in adults. In children, classic symptoms include episodic abdominal pain, "current-jelly" stool and a sausage-shaped abdominal mass on examination. However, in adults, it is likely to appear with non-specific gastrointestinal trouble without classic symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to use early diagnositic tool. In contrast to childhood intussusception, which is idiopathic in 90% of cases, adult intussusception has a definable lesion in more than 90% of cases 3). Tumors, both benign and malignant, are the most frequent cause of intussusecption in adults. We experienced seven cases of adult intussusception at Inha hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1997. The patients of adult intussusception are classified as three cases of ileoileal type and four ileocecal type. There were no specific signs or symptoms with patient experienced. It included abdominal pain, diarrhea and palpable mass. Their diagnosis was made in six patients using abdominal CT scan. It is difficult to define a diagnosis preoperatively, because the symptom of adult intussusception are variable and insignificant among individuals. We had been taken the final diagnostic tool with the abdominal CT scan in six of seven patients, which revealed "target lesions" in all cases. So, it is useful in the diagnosis of adult intussusception. Bowels were resected for the treatment of adult intussusception. The extent of the resection was contained the lesion and the defunctioned segments. The operations were performed as four segmental resections of small bowel and three ileocecal resections. The pathological findings were disclosed as three tumors, three lymphadenopathies and a adhesion of bowel. We concluded that the abdominal CT scanning is a usefull diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of adult intussusception.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

To evaluate JAK2V617F point mutation in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and its clinical significance, the point mutation was detected by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), and the clinical and laboratory features of 50 PV patients with JAK2V617F positive and negative mutations were analyzed and compared each other. The results showed that among 50 patients, 31 patients (62.0%) had JAK2V617F point mutation; 12 patients (24.0%) showed thrombosis and microvascular disturbances; 3 patients had chromosome karyotype abnormalities. As compared with negative mutation group, the age and leukocyte count in patients with JAK2V617F point mutation were older (57.5 +/- 10.0 vs 45.6 +/- 14.9, p < 0.05) and higher (16.2 +/- 6.7 vs 9.0 +/- 5.2, p < 0.05) respectively. It is concluded that the frequency of the JAK2V617F point mutation is 62.0% in PV patients, the age and leukocyte count of patients with JAK2V617F point mutation are older and higher respectively than those in negative mutation group.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Point Mutation ; Polycythemia Vera ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the causes of dengue fever resurgence in Guangxi, and to analyze the risk factors of dengue fever. Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conduced based on the dengue fever data reported from 2006 to 2015, and the surveillance results of aedes and antibody levels in health population from 2013 to 2015 in Guangxi. Results Before 2013, dengue fever was imported from foreign country in Guangxi, accounting for 95.35％(42/45), and 75.71％of the imported cases was imported from Southeast Asia. The local outbreak of dengue fever was happened in 2014, accounted for 94.02％(849/903) of the total number of 10 years. From onset to diagnosis, Guangxi dengue fever cases need 0-70 d (median time interval is 6 d). Cases were reported year-round, but the peak season for the onset of dengue fever was from September to November, accounting for 96.46％of all cases (871/903). The number of cases reported in Nanning was the most (83.37％), followed by Wuzhou city (7.44％) and Guilin city (4.81％), and all the three cities had dengue fever outbreaks. The cases were mainly commercial service staff (27.80％) and houseworkers and unemployed people (18.16％). Results of aedes monitoring showed that the density of aedes was high in Guangxi. In more than 50％ of the monitoring seasons the breteau index (BI) stayed greater than 20. However, the antibody positive rate was only 3％ in the healthy residents of Guangxi. Conclusion The risk of dengue fever is high in Guangxi. Therefore, it is essential to emphasizing idea of prevention and control, strengthening immigration surveillance, improving diagnosis ability, enhancing public health education, and expanding monitoring range.

Bile duct adenomas are discovered incidentally during surgery or at autopsy. Especially, the occurrence of an adenoma in a choledochal cyst is very rare. Biliary carcinomas are known to be related to choledochal cysts. The association of an adenoma in a choledochal cyst with the carcinoma is not definite. We have experienced a case of a tubular adenoma arising in a choledochal cyst. Recently, a 24-year-old female was admitted with complaints of right upper quadrant abdominal pain and indigestion. Abdominal ultrasonography and ERCP showed a fusiform dilation of the common bile duct. During the operation, a tiny polyp was discovered in the cyst. We performed a cyst excision and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. On microscopic examination, the polyp was diagnosed as a tubular adenoma.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenoma* ; Adenoma, Bile Duct ; Autopsy ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Common Bile Duct ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Humans ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish a NOD/SCID mouse model with human immune reconstitution and observe its immune response to human triple-negative breast cancer xenograft.

METHODSTwenty-four NOD/SCID mice without immune leakage were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment 3 days prior to immune reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) injection and subcutaneous transplantation of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CTX treatment and PBMC injection without tumor cell transplantation, MDA-MB-231 cell transplantation only, or no treatments. The tumor growth and immune responses of the mice were observed at regular intervals.

RESULTSCompared with the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution showed prolonged incubation period of tumor formation, slower tumor growth rate and increased survival rate. Human IgG and CD3(+) T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of the mice 1 week after human PBMC injection. The percentage of CD3(+) T cells in the spleen cells was 55.3% at 9 weeks in tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution and 52.7% in tumor-bearing mice without immune reconstitution. The spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution was much higher than that in mice with only immune reconstitution and the control mice (9.64 vs 3.82∓0.31 and 1.51∓0.14 mg/g).

CONCLUSIONA stable NOD/SCID mouse model with immune reconstitution has been established successfully, which shows immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and allows studies of immunological therapy study of triple-negative breast cancer.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Spleen ; immunology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between DNA homologous recombination (HR) repair genes RAD51-G135C/XRCC3-C241T polymorphisms and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with recurrent chromosome translocation.

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from bone marrow cells of 625 de novo AML patients and peripheral blood cells of 806 patient family members and 704 unrelated volunteers. Genotypes of RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Cell lines with genotypes differed from XRCC3-C241T were selected and irradiated in vitro. The CBFβ-MYH11 fusion gene was detected by TaqMan real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe XRCC3-C241T variant (C/T + T/T) showed 6.22-fold and 6.99-fold increase in the risk of developing the AML with inv(16)/t(16;16)/CBFβ-MYH11 as compared with the volunteer and family member controls respectively; the RAD51-G135C homozygote-type (C/C) variant showed 0.87-fold (P = 0.010) and 1.15-fold (P = 0.001) respectively increase in the risk of this subtype AML. In the irradiated group, the CBFβ-MYH11 mRNA level in HL-60 cells was 59.49 times increased than that in KG1a cells. However, the RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T variants had no correlations with the risk of development of t(15;17)/PML-RARα(+)AML, t(8;21)/AML1-ETO(+) AML and 11q23 AML subtypes.

CONCLUSIONThe XRCC3-C241T variant and the RAD51-G135C homozygote-type significantly increase the risk of the development of AML with inv(16)/t(16;16)/CBFβ-MYH11.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rad51 Recombinase ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Significant associations between perineal descent (PD) and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) have previously been described in patients with fecal incontinence. This had led to the hypothesis that pelvic floor muscle and nerve injury initiated by childbirth might progress and cause fecal incontinence. Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between vaginal delivery and PD, PNTML. Also, we evaluated the correlation between PD and PNTML. Methods: Sixty one women who visited the Dept. of Surgery from Aug. 1998 to May. 1999 were randomly selected. Women were excluded, who had chronic constipation,operation within 6 months before the investigation, anal trauma, diabetes mellitus, and neurologic disease. They had a mean year of 43 12.5 years (range: 23~70), a mean vaginal delivery 1.9 1.5 (range: 0~6). PD at rest and during push, and PNTML were measured. Results: PD during push (p=0.006) and the change of PD between at rest and during push (p=0.003) were significantly increased with increasing number of vaginal deliveries. Rt PNTML (p=0.08) and Lt PNTML (p=0.03) were significantly increased with increasing number of vaginal deliveries. There was correlation between Lt PNTML and change of PD (r=0.59, p=0.0). Conclusions: PD and Lt PNTML was increased with repeated vaginal deliveries. Our findings support the hypothesis that damage induced by vaginal delivery to pudendal nerve and pelvic floor will progress.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Fecal Incontinence ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition ; Pelvic Floor ; Pudendal Nerve*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of polymorphisms of DNA homologous recombination (HR) repair genes RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T on the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)/t(16;16)(CBFbeta-MYH1).

METHODSOne hundred and three de novo inv(16)/t(16;16) (CBFbeta-MYH11) AML patients were followed-up and retrospectively analyzed. Polymorphisms of RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T were detected by PCR-RFLP. The prognostic factors,including sex, age, white blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin level, karyotype, KIT mutation, RAD51-G135C and XRCC3-C241T polymorphisms at diagnosis, for complete remission (CR) achievement, overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTSThe median follow-up of all patients was 28 (1 - 106) months. The overall CR rate was 92.2%. The estimated 5-year OS and RFS rates were 43.6% (95% CI 37.7% - 49.5%) and 26.4% (95% CI 21.1% - 31.7%), and the median OS and RFS were 53 (95% CI 133.4 - 72.7) and 27 (95% CI 22.9 - 31.1) months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher WBC (P = 0.004) and older than 30 years of age (P = 0.035) were independent poor factors for CR achievement, the XRCC3-241T variant (P = 0.007) and higher WBC (P = 0.009) were independent poor factors for 5-year RFS, and higher WBC (P = 0.002) and trisomy 8 (P = 0.035) were independent poor factors for 5-year survival. Polymorphism of RAD51-G135C had no significant impact on the prognosis.

CONCLUSIONThe XRCC3-241T variant is an independent poor prognostic factor for AML with inv(16)/t(16;16)/CBFbeta-MYH11.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prognosis ; Rad51 Recombinase ; genetics ; Young Adult