To investigate the genetic diversity among wild Dipsacus asperoides in China, 66 germplasmic resources of D. asperoides were analyzed by Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers. Genetic distance was calculated by TREECONW software and the systematic diagram of genetic relationship was clustered by UPGMA method. The results showed that the totals of 181 bands were detected using 20 primers , among which 109 were polymorphic bands. The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 60.13%. Genetic distance changed from 0.030 6 to 0.181 4. The clustering results showed that there was no significant correlation between the classification of the wild D. asperoides and their geographical origin. The relatively high genetic diversity of D. asperoides provides the basis for breeding new varieties.
China ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To study the correlation between cognitive dysfunction and cholinergic neuron changes in basal forebrain(BFB)and brainstem reticular formation(BSRF)areas after brain con- cussion(BC)in rats.Methods Eighty-four Spragne-Dawley rats weighing 250-310g were used.The BC rat models were reproduced by a self-made simple pendulum impact device,then the rats were ran- domized into one control group and six experimental groups(1 day,2 day,4 day,8 day,16 day,and 24 day groups;n=12 in each group).A Morris Water Maze(MWM)test was used to assess learning and memory function of the rats.Cholinergic neurons in the BFB and BSRF were identified with choline acetyltransferase(CHAT)antibody and quantitated.Results Compared with the control group,the la- tency to find the platform in MWM was much longer on days 1-3 after BC,but there was no statistical difference on days 4-21 after BC.The cell number and the ChAT expression activity of cholinergic neu- rons in the BFB were obviously decreased after BC,and reached the lowest level at 8 days after BC,then increased gradually and nearly reached the normal level at 24 days.The ChAT expression activity in BSRF declined on the first 2 days after BC,then went up gradually,and reached the peak at the 24th day.Conclusion The spatial cognition deficit of BC rats can be detected by MWM in the early period (1-3 days after BC).There are significant changes in the number and ChAT expression activity in BFB and BSRF after BC.The change of cholinergic neurons may be correlated with cognitive deficits in BC rats.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; Adult ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Genes, myc ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To set up a classification standard of mild and moderate traumatic brain injury, for the purpose of reliable data comparison derived from different laboratories. METHODS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats was prepared by using a metallic pendulum-striker device. After injury, five variable parameters including the time of apnea and the areflexia, time of corneal reflex, external auditory canal stung reaction, body-righting reflex and needling reaction were determined and scored by using rat coma criterion. These data were judged and classified into mild and moderate head injury by brain patho-anatomy changes. Then the data were used to set up a multivariate discriminate equation. RESULTS: The distinguished probability of mild and moderate TBI according to actual direct measured value and the criterion were 88.9% and 91.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION This method is able to classify mild and moderate TBI in rats.
Animals ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Coma/etiology* ; Forensic Medicine ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors related to the outcome of patients with chronic severe hepatitis B and effectiveness of antivirus therapy.

METHODSThe effects of the factors including age, prothrombin activity (PTA), serum HBeAg, Anti-HBe, HBV-DNA load, with or without complication, antivirus therapy and so on, on outcome of 330 patients with chronic severe hepatitis B were analyzed in this retrospective study.

RESULTSThe mortality of patients with chronic severe hepatitis B was significantly higher among patients at higher age, with lower PTA, and with more complications. The mortality of patients with HBV-DNA more than 1x10(5) copies/ml (52.3 percent) was higher than that of patients whose HBV-DNA was less than 1x10(5) copies/ml (32.9 percent). There was no correlation between serum HBeAg or anti-HBe and the mortality. The mortality of patients with HBV-DNA higher than 1x10(5) copies/ml (30.38 percent) who were treated with lamivudine in 2005 was lower than that of patients whose HBV-DNA was less than 1x10(5) copies/ml (54.64 percent) who were not treated with any antiviral therapy in 2001.

CONCLUSIONThe higher serum virus load is the key factors of the mortality in addition to the other factors such as older age, lower PTA, more complication in the patients with chronic severe hepatitis B. The usage of antivirus therapy may be associated with lower mortality.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; mortality ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics as well as prognosis of neonatal polycythemia complicated with brain damage.

METHODSOne hundred and sixteen in-patients with neonatal polycythemia admitted to our hospital during January 2003 to October 2005 were analyzed. Their clinical manifestations were observed. Craniocerebral ultrasonic examination (2D, 3D), CT and MRI were employed to dynamically observe the craniocerebral imaging variances as well as the cerebral hemodynamic variations and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was adopted to test the cerebral oxygenation. Twenty-two cases with moderate or severe disease were followed up for 3 to 12 months.

RESULTSOut of the 116 polycythemic neonates, 53 cases had brain damages, of whom 31 had mild, 14 had moderate, and 8 had severe damages. Cranial imaging alterations were mostly ischemic injuries of various areas of different severity. The severity of brain damage was closely related to the duration of polycythemia, oxygen saturation of cerebral tissues as well as cerebral hemodynamic abnormalities. Brain injury was likely to occur in those whose polycythemia persisted for more than three days. The regional saturation of oxygen (rSO(2)) in mild brain injury cases was found to be 52.1%, while it was 47.1% in moderate and severe brain injury cases. Compared to the 58% as found in non-brain injury cases, the variance was found to be statistically significant (F = 104.466, P < 0.01). Among the cases with brain injury, cerebral hemodynamics displayed a slowdown in the blood flow velocity in the cerebral anterior artery and medium artery during the systolic phase and/or the diastolic phase. The abnormality ratio was closely related to the severity of brain injury. Through the chi(2) test the variance was proved to be statistically highly significant (chi(2) = 18.889, P < 0.01), however it was not correlated with the increase of the initial levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) (P > 0.05). During the follow up, neurological developmental abnormalities of various severity were found to exist in the cases with moderate (5/12) and severe disease (7/8), while cerebral palsy or epilepsy was not yet found.

CONCLUSIONNeonatal polycythemia might tend to bring about a reduction in the perfusion of cerebral blood flow and damaged cerebral oxygenation metabolism which in turn might lead to cerebral ischemic injury, which in some of the moderate and severe cases might lead to long-term neurological complications. Imaging investigations especially craniocerebral ultrasonic examination could be the practical means for the early diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis.

Brain ; pathology ; Brain Damage, Chronic ; complications ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Polycythemia ; complications ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Objective To explore the relationship between the incidence of hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers and brain injury.Methods The incidence of 86 infants of diabetic mothers combined with hypoglycemia as well as the relationship time of persistent hypoglycemia of infants were studied.And the association of the incidence and degree of brain injury with the time of persistent hypoglycemia,complication of other diseases and symptomatic hypoglycemia was also investigated.Results Seventy-five cases of temporary hypoglycemia(87.2%),and 11 cases of frequent hypolycemia(12.8%)were observed in the study.In the group of unsatisfactory maternal blood glucose control cases,the incidence of frequent hypoglycemia was 19.4%;in the group of satisfactory maternal blood glucose control cases,the incidence of frequent hypoglycemia was 8%.The overall incidence of the brain injury and the incidence of severe brain injury in the group of frequent hypoglycemic cases were higher than those in the group of temporary hypoglycemic cases.The incidence of brain injury in cases complicated with other diseases(77.4%) and in those with clinical symptoms(81.2%) were significantly higher than those in without other diseases(48.5%) and clinical symptoms(57.4%)(Pa

Objective To observe the level of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies and Gagspecific cellular immune responses in Macaca fascicularis immunized with different dosage of recombinant adenovirus vaccine Ad5-HIVgag by repeated intramuscular injection.Methods The Macaca fascicularis were randomly divided into four groups of 6.Different amount of the purified Ad5-HIVgag(0.99 × 1011 VP,4.94 × 1011 VP,24.68 × 1011 VP) or PBS were administered in 3 weeks interval and five times.The level of anti-adenovims neutralizing antibodies and Gag-specific cellular immune responses at different time points were detected by neutralization assay and Elispot assay respectively.Results High level of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies could be detected in three groups immunized with Ad5-HIVgag at 3 weeks after first immunization.The neutralizing antibodies reached peak at 8 weeks after primary immunization,and declined slightly at late time.Significant HIV-1 Gag-specific cellular immune responses were detected in all Ad5-HIVgag immunized groups at 5 weeks post first immunization.The Gag-specific cellular immune responses declined at 12 weeks and then increased with time.Conclusion Anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies could be induced in Macaca fascicularis immunized with Ad5-HIVgag by repeated intramuscular injection.And the Gag-specific cellular immune responses tended to increase with the injection times.The presence of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination with adenovirus vectors in Ad5-naive animals did not further reduce Gag-specific cellular immune responses.

Objective To compare the foreign gene-specific and vector-specific immune responses in BALB/c mice immunized with rAd5 or rAAV2/1 expressing the same gene.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with rAd5-gag or rAAV2/1-gag once,HIV-1 Gag-specific and vector- specific cellular immune responses were analyzed by Elispot assay,HIV-1 P24-specifc IgG and vector-specific IgG were tested by ELISA assay.Results Mice immunized with rAd5-gag induced potent Gag-specific cellular immune responses and that were significantly higher than Ad5-specfic cellular responses,while rAAV2/1-gag elicited weak Gag-specific and AAV2/1-specific cellular responses.Both P24-specific and Ad5-specific IgG titers induced by rAd5-gag were high and in similar level.Higher level of P24-specific IgG was found in mice inoculated with rAAV2/1-gag than rAd5-gag.And the P24-specific IgG titers were higher than the vectorspecific IgG titers in mice immunized with rAAV2/1.Conclusion rAd5 could elicit strong foreign genespecific cellular and humoral immune responses,weak vector-specific cellular responses and strong vectorspecific antibodies,rAAV2/1 could induce potent foreign gene-specific antibodies that were much higher than vector-specific IgG,while both foreign gene-specific and vector-specific cellular responses were very low.

Objective To probe into the application effect of quality control circle (QCC) activity in reducing the incidence rate of fistula puncture bleeding in hemodialysis patients.Methods Thirty-six hemodialysis patients in our hospital from January to June 2012 were chosen as the control group (before the QCC activity) ; 36 hemodialysis patients with the same rule in 1 group from July to December 2012 were chosen as the experiment group (after the QCC activity).Six nurses from nephrology volunteer to group a "circle" in order to build-up the QCC activity with the subject of reducing the blood exudation rate during hemodialysis fistula piercing.Before the QCC activity,the data of blood exudation rate was calculated,and the root cause of blood exudation was analyzed during hemodialysis fistula piercing; then the improvement plan was made-up,and the counter measure was implemented.The blood exudation rate during hemodialysis fistula piercing was compared before and after the QCC activity.Results The incidence rate of fistula puncture bleeding after QCC activity was 3.76％,was lower than 7.66％ before the QCC activity,and was better than the origin target,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =20.634,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The implementation of QCC activity is not only benefit to reducing the incidence rate of fistula puncture bleeding in hemodialysis patients,but also is good at circle members' professional technical level and quality management capability,promote the quality improvement of hemodialysis.