Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the canes of Schisandra sphenanthera. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral techniques. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract in the canes of S. sphenanthera, including six lignans, six triterpenes, and one steroid and their structures were identified as sphendilactone (1), kadsulactone (2), schisanlactone E (3), 12-β-hydroxycoccinic acid (4), schizandronic acid (5), schisanbilactone A (6), β-sitosterol (7), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (8), deoxychizandrin (9), schizantherin A (10), schisanhenol B (11), γ-schizandrin (12), and R-(+)-angeloygomisin M1 (13). Conclusion: Among them, one new triterpene is named as sphendilactone (1). Schisanhenol B, deoxychizandrin, R-(+)-angeloygomisin M1, kadsulactone, schisanlactone E, 12β-hydroxycoccinic acid, and schisanbilactone A are isolated from this plant for the first time.

In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 10 major compounds (procyanidin B1, catechin, procyanidin B2, rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. UPLC-MS/MS assay with negative ion mode was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.6 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL · min(-1) and the column temperature was set at 45 °C. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for 10 target compounds were obtained including chiral isomer procyanidins B1 and B2 were completely separated within 8.5 min. Satisfactory linearity was achieved with wide linear range and fine determination coefficient (r > 0.996 6), the overall recoveries were ranged from 95.44%-110.40% with the RSD ranging from 2.37%-8.69%. It is the first report about simultaneous analysis of 10 major flavonoids components in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum by using UPLC-MS/MS method, which affords highly sensitive, specific, speedy and efficient method for quality control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum
Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; Rutin ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vitaceae ; chemistry

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Poisoning ; etiology ; prevention & control

A qualitative analytical method of liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed for identification of multi-constituents and an analytical method was developed for simultaneously determining 4 major compounds (rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-0-rutinoside, and astragalin) in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. The HPLC-Q-TOF-MS assay was performed on a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and water containing 0.1% Formic acid (B) in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was at 30 degrees C, and negative ion mode was used for TOF-MS. The UPLC-QqQ-MS assay was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.6 microm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid (B) in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.25 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was at 45 degrees C, and MRM mode was used for QqQ-MS. Based on the retention time and MS spectra, 24 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized by comparing with reference substances or literatures. For quantitative the linear range of 4 detected compounds were good (r > 0.9966), and the overall recoveries ranged from 98.27% to 101.58%, with the RSD ranging from 3.15% to 5.88%. The results indicated that new approach conbined HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS was applicable in qualitative and quantitative quality control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.
Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Formates ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Vitaceae ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy for small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (sUIAs). Methods Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular therapy in the Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2008 to January 2018 were retrospectively included. According to the size of the aneurysms, they were divided into the sUIAs group (diameter <5 mm) and the non-sUIAs group (diameter ≥5 mm). Demographics, vascular risk factors, aneurysm characteristics, and treatment method, effectiveness, perioperative complications, and outcomes of endovascular therapy were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 80 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms were enrolled, including 33 patients with sUIAs (41.25% ) and 47 patients with non-sUIAs. The age of patients (51.1 ± 9.7 years vs. 61.2 ± 8.1 years; t=5.058, P<0.001), and the maximum diameter (3.6 ± 1.1 mm vs. 8.2 ± 3.2 mm; t=7.923, P<0.001) and neck width (3.1 ± 0.5 mm vs. 4.5 ± 2.5 mm; t=3.167, P=0.002) of aneurysms as well as the proportion of patients with wide-neck aneurysm (3.0% vs. 21.3% ; χ2 =7.213, P=0.007) and stent-assisted embolization (6.1% vs. 23.4% ; χ2 =4.285, P=0.038) in the sUIA group were significantly less than those of the non-sUIAs group. The embolization results, the perioperative complication rate and the good outcome rate were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion For sUIAs, endovascular therapy is effective and safe, comparable to endovascular therapy for non-sUIAs.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of exogenous ER beta on the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells under different treatment.

METHODSAn eukaryotic expression vector containing 1.6 kb of human entire coding sequence of ER beta (pCDNA3-ER beta) was transfected into human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using lipofectamine 2000. The biological activity of ER beta was detected with the luciferase reporter containing estrogen responsive element (ERE) and the expression of ER beta protein by Western blot. The growth properties of MCF-7, pCDNA 3-transfected MCF-7 and pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells under different treatment, including E2 (17beta-estradiol) and 4-OHT (4-hydroxytamoxifen), were observed.

RESULTSA stronger activation of the reporter by ER beta in the presence of E2 was observed in the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells than in the pCDNA 3-transfected MCF-7 and in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of ER beta in the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells was markedly increased. Exogenous ER beta expression did not change the growth properties and the morphology of MCF-7 cells under normal condition. The pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells proliferated at the same rate as naive cells in the presence of 4-OHT, whereas a strong inhibition of the proliferation of the pCDNA 3-ER beta-transfected MCF-7 cells in the presence of E2 was observed.

CONCLUSIONExogenous ER beta expression does not increase the resistance to 4-OHT, and a strong inhibition of the proliferation may occur in the presence of E2.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Tamoxifen ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Transfection

Objective To investigate clinical and epidemiological features of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in kidney transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 68 kidney transplant recipients admitted from July, 2021 to December, 2021 were collected. All patients were divided into the PJP group (n=11), common pulmonary infection group (n=24) and non-pneumonia group (n=33) according to the status of pulmonary infection. The incidence and treatment of PJP after kidney transplantation were analyzed. Basic characteristics and laboratory parameters of the recipients were compared among all groups. The genotyping and transmission map of PJP patients were evaluated. Results Among 64 kidney transplant recipients, 11 cases were definitely diagnosed with PJP. The most common clinical manifestations included elevated body temperature, and dry cough complicated with progressive dyspnea. Chest CT scan showed diffuse interstitial inflammation and ground glass-like lesions of bilateral lungs in all patients. After diagnosis, all patients were orally given with compound sulfamethoxazole for 3-4 weeks. Two patients received non-invasive ventilator-assisted ventilation due to severe lung infection and dyspnea, and the remaining patients were given with nasal cannula oxygenation. One patient experienced elevated serum creatinine level upon discharge, and developed renal allograft failure. The remaining 10 recipients with PJP obtained normal renal allograft function, and no recipient died. Compared with the non-pneumonia group, the rejection rate was higher, the length of hospital stay was longer, the lymphocyte count was less, the lymphocyte proportion was lower, the levels of C-reactive protein, serum creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase were higher, and the levels of serum albumin was lower and CD4⁺T cell count was less in the PJP group (all P < 0.05). Compared with common pulmonary infection group, the lymphocyte count was less, the lymphocyte proportion was lower, the CD4⁺T cell count was less and 1, 3-β-D- glucan (BDG) level was higher in the PJP group (all P < 0.05). No new genotype was detected in 10 of the 12 testing samples. It was considered that PJP mainly depended on two transmission chains and two independent transmission individuals. Conclusions Kidney transplant recipients are prone to pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) infection due to impaired cellular immune function. The most common clinical manifestations consist of elevated body temperature and dry cough complicated with progressive dyspnea, accompanied by headache and fatigue in partial patients. Chest CT scan shows diffuse interstitial inflammation and ground glass-like lesion of bilateral lungs. PJ may be transmitted through respiratory tract. Small-scale PJP might occur in the follow-up outpatient of kidney transplant recipients. Preventive measures should be delivered in a timely manner.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the interleukin-17 (IL-17) level of peripheral blood and aggression of bipolar mania. METHODS: Thirty-six patients of bipolar mania were selected as experimental group by DSM-IV-TR and received treatment with quetiapine and lithium. Thirty-six healthy volunteers with similar age and gender were selected as control group. The level of IL-17 at baseline in each group and the level of IL-17 in the experimental group after treatment for 2, 4 and 8 weeks were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The level of IL-17 in experimental group at baseline, after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks were all significantly higher than that in control group. After 8 weeks treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 2, 4 and 8 weeks treatment, the total score and aggression score of Young Mania Rating Score (YMRS) were significantly lower than the baseline level (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the two scores of YMRS at baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bipolar mania may be related to the up-regulation of IL-17. The level of IL-17 is related to the severity of manic symptoms at baseline, especially aggression symptom.
Aggression/drug effects* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy* ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/metabolism* ; Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of Skp2 gene (s-phase kinase associated protein 2) in the pathological scars and its relationship with p27kip1 level and to investigate its role and its probable mechanism in the pathogenesis of abnormal scars.

METHODSImmunohistochemical technique was performed to detect the expression and distribution of Skp2 and p27kip1 protein in hypertrophic scar (42 cases), keloid (18 cases), normal scar (40 cases) and normal skin (50 cases), statistics was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe positive rate of Skp2 and p27kip1 protein expression was not statistically different between the hypertrophic scar and keloid (P > 0.05), while they were all remarkably significant in comparison between normal scar and abnormal scar (P < 0.05). In pathological scar the protein of Skp2 and p27kip1 showed a strong inverse correlation (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe result indicated that the expression of Skp2 was increased and it may lead to decrease p27kip1 level in the hypertrophic scar and keloid, Skp2 overexpression might play an important role in the proliferation of fibroblasts and in the pathogenesis of pathological scar by adjusting the regulation of cyclins such as p27kip1.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Keloid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEClinical application of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is quickly expanding. Despite the widely acceptance, long-term survival rate (SR) of AFG remains a question not yet solved. Meanwhile, although rare, severe complications related to AFG including vision loss, stroke even death could be seen in the literature.

DATA SOURCESA comprehensive research of PubMed database to June 2013 was performed according to guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology. Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

STUDY SELECTIONData collected included patient characteristics, surgical technique, donor site, recipient site, graft amount, and quantified measurement methods. Patient cohorts were pooled, and SR was calculated. All the severe complications were also summarized according to the different clinical characteristics.

RESULTSOf 550 articles, 16 clinical articles and 10 animal studies met the inclusion criteria and provided quantified measurement methods. Totally, 596 patients were included. SR varied from 34% to 82% in breast and 30-83% in the facial area. Nude mice were applied to investigate human fat grafting SR (38.3-52.5% after 15 weeks). Rabbits were commonly used to study animal AFG SR (14.00-14.56% after 1-year). Totally, 21 severe complications were reported, including death (2), stroke (10), vision loss (11, 8 of which accompanied with stroke), sepsis (3), multiple abscess (1) and giant fat necrotic cyst (2). Ten of these complications happened within 10 years.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no unified measurement method to evaluate fat graft SR until now and no clinical evidence to show better SR according to different donor and recipient cite. Body mass index change between pre- and postoperation may be the bias factor in evaluating fat SR. Fat embolisms of the ophthalmic artery and the middle cerebral artery are the most severe complication of AFG and still lack of effective treatment.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Autografts ; Humans ; Survival Rate