Objective To investigate whether chlorophyllin could protect human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) against oxidative damage by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods The cellular protection of chlorophyllin against oxidative damage was detected by cell-survival assay with flow cytometry.The level of free radicals was detected directly by electron spin resonance spectra.The induced expression of HO-1 was shown by RT-PCR,Western blot,immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy and enzymatic activity test.Whether the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway was involved was detected by Western blot.Results Chlorophyllin could protect HUVEC against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 via scavenging the excessive free radicals.Chlorophyllin treatment could induce expression of HO-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.The activation of PI3K/Akt pathway was required in the induction of HO-1.LY294002,the specific inhibitor of PI3K,could suppress the activation of PI3K/Akt and the induced expression of HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions Chlorophyllin shows cellular protection against oxidative damage by counteracting the excessive free radicals.Up-regulation of HO-1 expression plays a pivotal role in the protection of chlorophyllin,while the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is required in the induction of HO-1.

Objective: To investigate the effect of baicalin on the changes in hemorheology and its mechanism during the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS) induced by oleic acid (OA) in rats. Methods: Rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, ARDS (OA induction, 0.12 mg/kg) and ba-icalin-treated group (300 mg/kg). The blood samples were collected at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 6 h after OA injection. The whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, Maximum erythrocyte deformability index (DImax) were detected. Meanwhile, blood gas analysis and Routine blood test were also performed. Results: The level of arte-rial oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index decreased (P<0.01 vs. control) and oxygenation index (178 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) reached the diagnostic standard of ARDS at 2 h in ARDS group. In baicalin-treated group, the level of arterial oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index increased versus the ARDS group. The platelet count (PLT) decreased in baicalin-treated and ARDS groups. Compared with the ARDS group, the level of PLT increased significantly in baicalin-treated group at 30min, 1, 2, and 3 h. Hematocrit (HCT) increased in baicalin-treated and ARDS groups. Compared with the ARDS group, the level of HCT de-creased significantly in baicalin-treated group at 2, 3, 6 and 12 h. Meanwhile, all the index of hemorheology improved in baicalin-treated group. Conclusion Baicalin may improve hypoxemia of ARDS induced by OA in rats. It may be due to the Improvement of microcirculation of lung.

Objective:To investigate the changes in kidney and its mechanism during the development of acute phosgene exposure in rats.Methods:Rats were randomized into 2 groups: control and phosgene group (including 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after exposed to phosgene) , 6 rats in each group. Rats in control group were exposed to air for 5 min, while rats in phosgene group were exposed to 8.33 mg/L phosgene for 5 min. The blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after phosgene exposure. The blood creatinine (Cr) , urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood gas analysis were detected. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the expression levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase.Results:The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index of rats in the phosgene group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h after exposure ( P<0.01) . The lowest points were reached at 6 h, which were (58.67±7.89) mmHg and (202.30±27.20) mmHg, respectively. The Cr and BUN of rats in the phosgene group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the renal organ coefficients were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h ( P<0.01) . HE staining showed that there were more erythrocytes in the glomeruli of rats in the phosgene group, the volume of renal tubular epithelial cells increased, and the cytoplasm was loose and lightly stained. The damage was most obvious at 6 h. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expressions of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase in the kidney tissue of the phosgene group increased. Conclusion:Hypoxemia and oxidative stress caused by phosgene poisoning may be the cause of renal damage in rats.

Objective:To investigate the changes in kidney and its mechanism during the development of acute phosgene exposure in rats.Methods:Rats were randomized into 2 groups: control and phosgene group (including 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after exposed to phosgene) , 6 rats in each group. Rats in control group were exposed to air for 5 min, while rats in phosgene group were exposed to 8.33 mg/L phosgene for 5 min. The blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after phosgene exposure. The blood creatinine (Cr) , urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood gas analysis were detected. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the expression levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase.Results:The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index of rats in the phosgene group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h after exposure ( P<0.01) . The lowest points were reached at 6 h, which were (58.67±7.89) mmHg and (202.30±27.20) mmHg, respectively. The Cr and BUN of rats in the phosgene group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the renal organ coefficients were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h ( P<0.01) . HE staining showed that there were more erythrocytes in the glomeruli of rats in the phosgene group, the volume of renal tubular epithelial cells increased, and the cytoplasm was loose and lightly stained. The damage was most obvious at 6 h. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expressions of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase in the kidney tissue of the phosgene group increased. Conclusion:Hypoxemia and oxidative stress caused by phosgene poisoning may be the cause of renal damage in rats.

Objective: In order to explore the role of heparan sulfate (HS) during the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , the protective effect of HS and its fragments against extracellular histones was compared. Methods: Calf thymus histones (CTH) were injected via femoral vein to induce ARDS in rats. HS, HS fragments or saline was intraperitoneally injected (10mg/kg, Q6h, 24h) to test the protective effect against CTH. The ratio of wet/dry lung weight, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) , total leukocyte and neutrophil count in BALF were measured. Results: After CTH injection, the ratio of wet/dry lung weight (5.7±0.95) was much higher than the saline control group (3.1±0.15). The protein content (0.47±0.086mg/ml) , total leukocyte[ (97.4±15.6l) ×10⁴/ml] and neutrophil (18±3.4/LPF) in BALF were obviously increased compared with the saline control group. The intervention of HS evidently decreased ratio of wet/dry lung weight (4.2±0.41) , protein content[ (0.26±0.019) mg/ml], leukocyte[ (61.3±5.74) ×10⁴/ml] and neutrophil (12±1.8/LPF) in BALF. HS fragments also decreased ratio of wet/dry lung weight, protein content, leukocyte and neutrophil count in BALF though the strength was much less than HS. Conclusion HS and its fragments could provide protection against extracellular histones during the pathogenesis of ARDS. For the protective effect full length HS was much better than HS fragments.

Objective:To compare the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with stage I coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) .Methods:All 347 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2014 to December 2018 were included in the study. According to different working posts, the subjects were divided into three categories: mining, tunneling and mixing workers. Dust exposure duration, initial dust exposure age, diagnosis age, latency, small shadow shape and lung regions distribution in X-ray chest film of different categories of CWP patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 347 patients, 216 were mining workers (62.2%) , 77 were tunneling workers (22.2%) and 54 were mixing workers (15.6%) . The dust exposure duration of mining, tunneling and mixing workers were (14.5±7.0) , (16.3±8.2) and (19.0±8.8) years, respectively. There are statistically significant differences in dust exposure duration between different categories of workers ( P<0.05) . There were no significant difference in the age of diagnosis, initial dust exposure age and the latency between different categories of workers ( P>0.05) . The X-ray films of mining, tunneling and mixing workers showed small round shadow, accounting for 50.9% (110/216) , 96.1% (74/77) and 96.3% (52/54) respectively. 48.1% (104/216) of the mining workers and 38.9% (21/54) of mixing workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached middle and lower lung regions, while in the 48.1% (37/77) of the tunneling workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached lower lung regions. There were differences in above indicators among workers with different categories ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The dust exposure duration, the shape and the distribution of lung area on chest X-ray films are different in stage I CWP patients of different occupational categories.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) in occupational motor vehicle drivers.Methods:In January 2024, a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group. The data of personal history, occupational history, blood pressure and ECG were collected, and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The age of workers in the observation group was (34.1±7.8) years old, and the length of service was (7.0±7.1) years. The age of the control group was (33.8±7.6) years old, and the working age was (7.7±6.5) years. There was no significant difference in age and length of service between the two groups ( t=0.62, -1.90, P=0.538, 0.057). Systolic blood pressure (133.0±14.7) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (83.7±11.6) mmHg, hypertension detection rate of 33.0% (200/606), ECG abnormality detection rate of 39.9% (242/606). They were significantly higher than those in the control group [ (127.8±14.4) mmHg, (77.5±11.0) mmHg, 24.7% (147/596), 31.0% (185/596) ], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupational motor vehicle driving were risk factors for hypertension and abnormal ECG ( OR= 1.210, 1.578; 95% CI: 1.145-1.231, 1.237-2.012; P<0.001) . Conclusion:Occupational motor vehicle driving may increase the risk of hypertension and abnormal ECG in workers.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) in occupational motor vehicle drivers.Methods:In January 2024, a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group. The data of personal history, occupational history, blood pressure and ECG were collected, and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The age of workers in the observation group was (34.1±7.8) years old, and the length of service was (7.0±7.1) years. The age of the control group was (33.8±7.6) years old, and the working age was (7.7±6.5) years. There was no significant difference in age and length of service between the two groups ( t=0.62, -1.90, P=0.538, 0.057). Systolic blood pressure (133.0±14.7) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (83.7±11.6) mmHg, hypertension detection rate of 33.0% (200/606), ECG abnormality detection rate of 39.9% (242/606). They were significantly higher than those in the control group [ (127.8±14.4) mmHg, (77.5±11.0) mmHg, 24.7% (147/596), 31.0% (185/596) ], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupational motor vehicle driving were risk factors for hypertension and abnormal ECG ( OR= 1.210, 1.578; 95% CI: 1.145-1.231, 1.237-2.012; P<0.001) . Conclusion:Occupational motor vehicle driving may increase the risk of hypertension and abnormal ECG in workers.

Objective To analyze the development trends and hot topics in the field of phosgene poisoning research in China. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure was used as the retrieval source to search for academic literature on phosgene poisoning published in Chinese journals from the database's inception to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software was used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results A total of 334 articles were included for analysis. The earliest literature was published in 1982, with publication peaks occurring in 2004-2005 and 2011, followed by a gradual decline in publications after 2013. Authors from 221 research institutions published related literature in 133 kinds of Chinese journals. There were 19 core authors with three or more publications, and some of these core authors formed relatively stable research teams. Grants were covered 32.0% of the literature, and case reports and articles accounted for 89.2% of the literature, with “pulmonary edema” being the earliest and most prominent keyword. Conclusion The field of phosgene poisoning research in China has achieved some progress, particularly in studies related to the mechanisms of pulmonary edema and lung injury. However, there is a need to enhance collaboration among research institutions, deepen research efforts, and improve the quality of scientific research outcomes.

Objective:To compare the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with stage I coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) .Methods:All 347 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2014 to December 2018 were included in the study. According to different working posts, the subjects were divided into three categories: mining, tunneling and mixing workers. Dust exposure duration, initial dust exposure age, diagnosis age, latency, small shadow shape and lung regions distribution in X-ray chest film of different categories of CWP patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 347 patients, 216 were mining workers (62.2%) , 77 were tunneling workers (22.2%) and 54 were mixing workers (15.6%) . The dust exposure duration of mining, tunneling and mixing workers were (14.5±7.0) , (16.3±8.2) and (19.0±8.8) years, respectively. There are statistically significant differences in dust exposure duration between different categories of workers ( P<0.05) . There were no significant difference in the age of diagnosis, initial dust exposure age and the latency between different categories of workers ( P>0.05) . The X-ray films of mining, tunneling and mixing workers showed small round shadow, accounting for 50.9% (110/216) , 96.1% (74/77) and 96.3% (52/54) respectively. 48.1% (104/216) of the mining workers and 38.9% (21/54) of mixing workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached middle and lower lung regions, while in the 48.1% (37/77) of the tunneling workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached lower lung regions. There were differences in above indicators among workers with different categories ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The dust exposure duration, the shape and the distribution of lung area on chest X-ray films are different in stage I CWP patients of different occupational categories.