Objective To obtain the data of injury among children aged 0~6 years in Haidian area and Pinggu area of Beijing.Methods A total of 2970 children aged 0~6 years in Haidian District(city area) and 2558 in Pinggu District (rural area)were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results A total of 5528 children were investigated,the incidence of injury was 8.64%.The incidence rate of aged 0~6 years child injury in Haidian District was10.54%,which was much higher than that in Pinggu District (6.45%).The top five causes of injury were falls,animal bites,burn/scalds,injury by sharp articles and struck/hit by falling object in Pinggu District.The top five causes of injury were falls,animal bites,injury by sharp articles,burn/scalds and blunt in Haidian District.the sequences of injury were similar between the two districts.The incidence rate of burns/scalds was higher in Pinggu District than that in Haidian District.The types of injury were little different between children who lived at home and children who lived in kindergarten.The types of injury were not too different between genders.Falls was the leading cause of injury for all children(in cities or in countries,boys and girls,in different age group).Conclusion The incidence rates of injury and types of injury are different in different areas,genders and age groups.So the intervention of injury should be different.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence and spatial distribution of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in China among children at ages under six years.

METHODSAbout 8,600 children under 6 years of age in 14 cities and 28 counties of 14 provinces were selected with stratified cluster sampling for survey, including interview with questionnaire for their family information and nutritional status. Blood specimens were collected for measuring serum level of VA with fluorescent spectrophotometry in laboratory.

RESULTSTotally, 8,669 children under 6 (2,877 in urban area and 5,792 in rural area) were surveyed in 14 provinces, with 4,629 males and 4,040 females. Eight cases of night blindness and seven cases of xerophthalmia were found among the children at ages of two to five years. Sixty-one mothers of the children in this group were also found suffering from night blindness. All the cases of night blindness and xerophthalmia both in children and mothers were living in rural areas. Based on their serum levels of VA, 11.7% of the all 1 018 children were diagnosed as VAD, with serum VA concentrations below or equal to 0.70 micro mol/L. Prevalence of VAD was 15.0% and 5.8% in rural (23.3% in the poverty-stricken counties) and urban areas, respectively, and 5.8%, 11.5% and 16.8% in the coastal, inland and remote areas, respectively. The average serum level of VA was 1.20 micro mol/L and 0.99 micro mol/L for urban and rural areas, respectively, with a national average of 1.06 micro mol/L. And, babies under six months of age with an average serum levels of VA < or = 0.70 micro mol/L accounted for 33.4%, and those at ages of four to five years with the same level of VA accounted for 8%. There was significant difference in serum levels of VA between ages, but no significant difference between genders.

CONCLUSIONVAD did exist in children of China, especially in the remote and poverty-stricken rural areas and VA supplementation is urgently needed for the children in these regions.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Night Blindness ; complications ; Prevalence ; Rural Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Vitamin A ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Vitamin A Deficiency ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Xerophthalmia ; complications

OBJECTIVEThe survey will reveal current status of subclinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) and explore its affecting factors in children of China.

METHODSTotally 8 669 children aged under 6 years were randomly selected from 14 provinces for clinical examination, health and dietary questionnaire and serum level of vitamin A measurement with fluorescence method. The cut-off value for SVAD was defined as

RESULTSPrevalence of SVAD was 11.7% and that of suspected SVAD 39.2% in all subjects, which decreased with the increase of gross domestic product, average annual family income, mother's schooling and children's age. Prevalence of SVAD and suspected SVAD higher in rural areas (15.0%) than in urban areas (5.2%), and higher in children with a minority mother (22.6%) than in those with a Han nationality mother (8.7%). Prevalence of SVAD and suspected SVAD was higher in children whose blood samples were collected within one week in-taking vitamin A-rich food (12.6%-22.6%) than those in-taking vitamin A daily (4.1%-10.0%), and higher in children suffering from respiratory infection, fever and diarrhea two weeks before their blood collection (15.2%-20.3%) than in those without those diseases (10.1%-11.1%). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor family economic status, living in rural areas, children with a minority mother, younger age, no-dairy milk products intake, and respiratory infection and fever all were risk factors for SVAD.

CONCLUSIONSMore than half of children under six years old in China (50.9%) had vitamin A nutrition problem. Varied factors played roles to different extent in SVAD in children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Vitamin A ; blood ; Vitamin A Deficiency ; epidemiology ; etiology