BACKGROUND:Traditional scoliosis orthosis has some disadvantages,such as complex manufacturing process,long processing cycle,poor fit and so on.Three-dimensional printed scoliosis orthosis has the advantages of high manufacturing precision and personalization. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional printed scoliosis orthosis for scoliosis based on multi-criteria decision model. METHODS:Clinical data of 72 patients with scoliosis admitted to Chen Xinghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups according to the treatment of orthosis.Study group(n=23)received three-dimensional printed scoliosis orthosis.Traditional group(n=49)received the traditional polypropylene spine brace treatment.The clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups.A multi-criteria decision model for the treatment of scoliosis with three-dimensional printed scoliosis orthosis was established,and the stability of the benefit value,risk value and decision model of the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the traditional group,there were significant differences in the top vertebral offset distance,Cobb angle,top vertebral rotation,Functional Movement Screen score,visual analog scale score and total effective rate in the study group at 6 months after surgery(P<0.05).(2)Among the benefit indexes,Cobb angle had the greatest impact on the condition of patients,while the risk indexes had the greatest impact on dyspnea.(3)The benefit values of the study group and the traditional group for scoliosis were 79 and 64,and the risk values were 74 and 57,respectively.The combined benefit and risk values found that the benefit-risk value of the study group was 16 higher than that of the traditional group.(4)In the range of 0-100%relative risk weight,the benefit-risk value of the study group was always higher than that of the traditional group,which proved that the multi-criteria decision-making model had good stability.(5)It is indicated that three-dimensional printed scoliosis orthosis can better restore the physiological curvature of scoliosis and improve the efficiency of treatment.

BACKGROUND:The study of the lumbar spine and pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis is limited to the coronal and sagittal planes,and the three-dimensional relationship between the scoliosis and the pelvis has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar scoliosis on the pelvis in patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis and to study the correlation between the lumbar spine and the three-dimensional spatial position of the pelvis. METHODS:Imaging data of 60 patients with Lenke type 5 lordosis scoliosis admitted to the 3D Printing Reception Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including Cobb angle,coronal pelvic tilt,lumbar lordosis,left and right pelvic hip width ratio(sacroiliac-anterior superior iliac spine),spinal rotation angle,pelvic tilt,sacral slope,pelvic incidence,coronal deformity angular ratio,sagittal deformity angular ratio,C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line,apical vertebral translation,and coronal sacral inclination.The information was summarized as a database.SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data related to the lumbar spine and pelvis of the patients with Lenke type 5 primary lumbar curvature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using Spearman's correlation analysis and linear regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cobb angle was highly positively correlated with coronal deformity angular ratio,apical vertebral translation,and spinal rotation angle(r=0.91,r=0.841,r=0.736).(2)Coronal deformity angular ratio was highly positively correlated with apical vertebral translation(r=0.737),moderately positively correlated with C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line(r=0.514),and moderately negatively correlated with sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.595).(3)There was a high positive correlation between lumbar lordosis and sagittal deformity angular ratio(r=0.942)and a moderate negative correlation with coronal deformity angular ratio(r=-0.554).(4)There was a moderate positive correlation between Cobb angle with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination(r=0.522,r=0.534)and a moderate positive correlation between C7 plumb line-center sacral vertical line and coronal pelvic tilt(r=0.507).Apical vertebral translation with coronal pelvic tilt and coronal sacral inclination showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.507,r=0.506).Lumbar lordosis with sacral slope and pelvic incidence showed a moderate positive correlation(r=0.512,r=0.538).Sagittal deformity angular ratio was moderately positively correlated with sacral slope and pelvic incidence(r=0.614,r=0.621).(5)Studies have found that the relative position of the lumbar spine and the pelvis is closely related in the horizontal,sagittal and coronal planes.When the lumbar spine affects scoliosis and is rotated,the relative position of the pelvis will also change to compensate,which indicates that while correcting scoliosis,the correction of the pelvis cannot be ignored.

ObjectiveTo review the classification of orthopedic insoles, common techniques of 3D printing orthopedic insoles, common materials and their application for flatfoot. MethodsLiteratures were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data from 2012 to 2022, and the relevant contents were summarized. ResultsA total of ten studies were finally included, from 5 countries, involving 290 participants, which published from 2019 to 2022. Orthotic insoles were classified as prefabricated, semi-custom, and custom, while custom ones were classified as traditional custom and 3D printed custom. 3D printed orthotic insoles were often made with selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling (FDM) and PolyJet printing technologies, and commonly used materials included ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polylactic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, and polypropylene. For flatfoot, 3D printed orthotic insoles could improve plantar pressure, relieve foot pain and the combined use of insole posting could control rearfoot valgus. Conclusion3D printed custom insoles can be made more efficiently and accurately than traditional custom insoles. The printing technologies and materials often chosen for 3D printed orthotic insoles are mainly FDM and EVA. 3D printed orthotic insoles is effective on plantar pressure, comfort and foot movement function of flatfoot.