The clinical manifestations of anti- N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis and viral encephalitis are similar but the treatments and prognoses are different, so the early differentiation of the two diseases is very important. Early diagnosis is affected by delayed antibody detection and false negative detection, while routine auxiliary tests lack specificity; therefore, they have limited value in identification. The 18F-fulorodeoxyglucose (FDG) marked positron emission computed tomography (PETCT) is highly sensitive to abnormal cerebral metabolism in the early stage of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, showing a characteristic metabolic pattern of frontal or temporal lobe increase metabolism and occipital decrease metabolism. The number of patients who underwent 18F FDG PETCT examination for viral encephalitis was small; different kinds of viral encephalitis show different brain metabolism, but there was no characteristic hypometabolism of the occipital lobe. This paper reviews the cerebral metabolic characteristics of 18F-FDG PETCT in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and viral encephalitis.

Anti- N-methyl- D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis. Most patients have a good prognosis, but a small number of patients have memory impairment and other sequelaes. Early immunotherapy is a key factor for good prognosis of patients with this disease. However, a key problem in the treatment of this disease is the lack of biomarkers for disease monitoring and prognosis assessment. Therefore, it is positive for guiding the diagnosis and treatment and evaluating the prognosis to find biomarkers that can reflect the disease. Here, biological factors abnormally elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are reviewed, and biological factors with potential as biomarkers are summarized.

AIMTo assess whether exogenous estradiol has any effect on migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the chick.

METHODSFertilized eggs were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) (80 microg/egg) at stage X (day 0 of incubation), stages 8-10 (incubation 30 h) and 13-15 (incubation 55 h). Controls received vehicle (emulsion) only. Changes in PGC number were measured on different days according to developmental stages.

RESULTSIn male right gonads, but not in female left gonads, at stages 28-30 (incubation 132 h) significant decreases in the mean number of PGCs aggregating were observed compared with the controls (P < 0.05) while the total PGC number in the right and left gonads at each stage did not change (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe present study provides evidence that E(2) has significant effects on the localization of PGCs in male right, but not female left, gonads of chicken embryos at stages 28-30, compared with controls.

Animals ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Germ Cells ; drug effects ; Gonads ; drug effects ; Male

The Bacillus subtilis Sac B gene with the vacuolar targeting signal sequence driven by 35S promotor was transferred into Lespedeza thunbergii by Agrobacterium mediated method. Total 62 Kan-resistant plants were obtained, of which 5 plants were proved to be transgenic plants. The transgenic plants were characterized by PCR amplification, PCR-Southern hybridization and RT-PCR. The physiological assay results showed that the transgenic plants were more tolerant to stress than the controls under the condition of 200mmol/L NaCl and 5% PEG, respectively, and that the content of soluble sugar in trnsgenic plants was significantly higher than that of controls in the period of tests (5-15 days) under salt and PEG stress.
Bacillus subtilis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Hexosyltransferases ; genetics ; Lespedeza ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Solubility ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of local administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and VECF on improving neovascularization and augmenting the survival areas in a rat model of prefabricated flap.

METHODSPrefabricated flaps were created by ligating the right femoral vascular pedicle and implanting it underneath the abdominal flap. The in vitro cultured EPCs (Group I , n=15) and VEGF protein (Group II , n=15) were injected subcutaneously around the implanted pedicle in experimental groups. PBS was injected in control group (Group Ill , n=15). 4 weeks later, the abdominal island flap based solely on the implanted vessels was elevated and sutured back. Then flap viability and numbers of capillary were evaluated on day 7.

RESULTSThere was more statistically significant augmentation of flap survival [(87.26 +/- 10.13) % versus (66.13 +/- 9.9)% and (55.59 +/- 13.06)%, P < 0.001], a higher capillary density (38.67 +/- 9.52 versus 25.83 +/- 6.33 and 26.5 +/- 5.61 capillary/mm2 , P < 0.05) in EPCs group than in the other two groups.

CONCLUSIONSEPCs are superior to VEGF in improving neovascularization during flap prefabrication. Local transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs may be a useful strategy for augmentation of the survival areas of prefabricated flaps.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Graft Survival ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pharmacology

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, case control evaluation of 86 patients who underwent microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and the outcomes of MED and PTED for the treatment of LDH. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: MED and PTED are minimally invasive surgical techniques for lower back pain. Studies to date have shown that MED and PTED are safe and effective treatment modalities for LDH. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in patients with LDH treated with MED (n=50) and transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED; n=36) in our hospital. All patients were followed-up with self-evaluation questionnaires, Oswestry disability index (ODI), medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey and MacNab criteria. All the patients in both groups were followed up to 12 months after the operation. RESULTS: ODI questionnaire responses were not statistically different between the MED and PTED groups (53.00 vs. 48.72) before treatment. Average scores and minimal disability after 5 days to 12 months of follow-up were 4.96 in the MED group and 3.61 in the PTED group. According to MacNab criteria, 92.0% of the MED group and 94.4% of the PTED group had excellent or good results with no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between MED and PTED outcomes. Further large-scale, randomized studies with long-term follow-up are needed.
Case-Control Studies ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Diskectomy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Low Back Pain ; Retrospective Studies* ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

Objective:To invetigate the influencing factors and clinical significance of liver function damage (LFD) in patients diagnosed with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 51 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology by the 5th group assisting team from the First Hospital of Jilin University from February 9th to 27th in 2020 were collected. There were 27 males and 24 females, aged from 36 to 86 years, with an average age of 68 years. The treatment modality was according to the diagnostic and therapeutic guideline for COVID-19 (Trial 6th edition) issued by National Health Commission. Observation indicators: (1) clinical data of patients; (2) analysis of liver function index and treatment of LFD; (3) analysis of influencing factors for LFD. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. The Logistic regression method was used for univariate analysis. Results:(1) Clinical data of patients: of the 51 patients, 21 were classified as ordinary type of COVID-19, 19 as severe type and 11 as critical type. In terms of medical history, 31 patients suffered from more than or equal to one kind of chronic disease, 20 had no history of chronic disease. Thirteen patients had the drinking history and 38 had no drinking history. Seven patients were hepatitis positive and 44 were hepatitis negative. Five patients had septic shock at admission, 5 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and 41 had neither shock nor SIRS. The body mass index (BMI), time from onset to admission, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate of the 51 patients were (24±3)kg/m 2, (13±5)days, 36.5 ℃ (range, 36.0-38.1 ℃), 82 times/minutes (range, 50-133 times/minutes), 20 times/minutes (range, 12-40 times/minutes). The white blood cell count, level of creatinine, and level of b-type natriuretic peptide within 24 hours after admission were 6.3×10 9/L [range, (2.2-21.7)×10 9/L], 75 μmol/L (range, 44-342 μmol/L), 214 ng/L (range, 5-32 407 ng/L). (2) Analysis of liver function index and treatment of LFD: the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 31 U/L (range, 7-421 U/L), 29 U/L (range, 15-783 U/L), 36 U/L (range, 13-936 U/L), 76 U/L (range, 41-321 U/L), 4.9 μmol/L (range, 2.6-14.3 μmol/L), 5.8 μmol/L (range, 2.6-23.9 μmol/L), 37.2 s (range, 30.9-77.1 s), 13.9 s (range, 12.5-26.7 s), respectively. The percentages of cases with abnormal ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, DBil, IBil, APTT and PT were 47.1%(24/51), 47.1%(24/51), 35.3%(18/51), 13.7%(7/51), 7.8%(4/51), 2.0%(1/51), 21.6%(11/51), and 19.6%(10/51), respectively. Of the 51 patients, LFD was detected in 10 patients classified as ordinary type, in 9 patients as severe type, and in 10 as critical type, respectively. In the 51 patients, 1 of 22 patients with normal liver function developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation within 24 hours after admission, while 9 of 29 patients with abnormal liver function developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=5.57, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of influencing factors for LFD. Results of univariate analysis showed that clinical classification of COVID-19 as critical type was a related factor for LFD of patients ( odds ratio=10.000, 95% confidence interval: 1.050-95.231, P<0.05). Conclusions:COVID-19 patients with LFD are more susceptible to develop respiratory failure. The clinical classification of COVID-19 as critical type is a related factor for LFD of patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical results of locking compression plate combined with autologous iliac bone graft in the treatment of aseptic ulnar nonunion. METHODS: From March 2009 to July 2017, 22 patients with aseptic ulnar diaphyseal nonunion with complete follow-up data were treated with surgery, including 12 males and 10 females, aged from 16 to 58 (39.7±9.9) years old and ranging in course of disease from 10 to 192 (39.4±55.7) months. There were 15 atrophic nonunions, 5 hypertrophic nonunions and 2 synovial pseudo-articular nonunions. After debridement of the nonunion, locking compression plate was used to fix the nonunion and autogenous iliac bone graft was given. Bone healing rate, surgical complications and clinical results were evaluated. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 13 to 42 months, with a mean of (22.5±8.2) months, and 1 patient did not heal. Visual analogue pain scores ranged from 0 to 3 (0.9±0.9). Pronation of forearm was 47 to 86 (69.0±14.7) degrees, supination was 35 to 85 (63.0±9.4) degrees, wrist flexion was 20 to 80 (51.0±10.2) degrees, wrist flexion was 32 to 88 (71.0±11.7) degrees, elbow flexion contracture was 0 to 25 (9.0±5.6) degrees, further flexion was 105 to 150 (134.0±13.9) degrees, and grip strength was 87% on the opposite side. According to the Anderson scoring system, 8 cases were excellent, 11 were satisfied, 2 were not satisfied, and 1 was failed. CONCLUSIONS LCP combined with autologous iliac bone graft can effectively treat aseptic ulna diaphyseal nonunion.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ulna ; Young Adult

ObjectiveA feedforward control model for dry granulation of polysaccharide components was established to guide the adjustment and optimization of critical process parameters （CPPs） in the design space， so as to reduce the impact of fluctuations in raw materials properties on the quality of medicines. MethodTaking Astragali Radix extract powder as the model drug， the design space of dry granulation CPPs was determined by Box-Behnken design. Astragali Radix mixed powder with different powder properties were prepared by mixture design， the variance inflation factor （VIF） was used to diagnose the multicollinearity of the powder properties， and principal component analysis （PCA） was used to extract the characteristic data of the model. Radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） was used to establish a feedforward control model for reflecting the relationship between the powder properties of polysaccharide components， dry granulation CPPs and one-time molding rate. ResultThe design space for dry granulation CPPs of polysaccharide components was 16-35 Hz for feeding speed， 10-23 Hz for roller speed， and 10-46 kg·cm^-2 for roller pressure. The established RBFNN feedforward control model had a good predictive effect on the one-time molding rate of dry granulation of polysaccharide components， which could be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， the relative error was 0.38%-6.73%， and the average relative error was 3.42%. ConclusionThe established feedforward control model can well reflect the relationship between the powder properties of the polysaccharide components， the dry granulation CPPs and the one-time molding rate of the granules， which can be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， reduce the impact of material property fluctuation on product quality， and provide ideas for promoting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine from passive control to active control.