Objective To investigate the clinical application of examination of specific IgG4 to food allergens.Methods Specific IgG4 as well as specific IgE to ten kinds of food allergens in sera of 51 patients with chronic eczema was examined by ELISA.Results Food allergen specific IgG4 was positive in 35 patients (68.6%) and food allergen specific IgE was positive in 45 patients(88.2%)of the 51 cases (P

BACKGROUND: Acidic peptide is the tripeptide composed of 3 glutamic acids, which cannot bring excitatory nerve signal transmission into playlike single glutamic acid through presynaptic release and integration withpostsynaptic NMDA receptor directly as excitable neurotransmitter. It is quite possible that acidic peptide plays its actions by integrating with multiple metabolic glutamic acidic receptors so as to promote neuron proliferation or release nerve growth factor (NGF). OBJECTIVE: To probe into whether acidic peptide induces changes in learning and memory of model rats with Alzheimer disease (AD).DESIGN: Randomized controlled single experiment was designed.SETTING: Teaching-Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in 2nd Research Room and Experimental Animal Room of Teaching-Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University.Totally 100 SD male rats were selected and some of them were excluded due to retarded response in step down test. Totally 84 rats were included in the experiment and randomized into 7 groups, named normal control,model group, physiological saline group (PS group), piracetam group, acidic peptide groups of 60, 30 and 15 mg/kg, 12 rats in each group. Acidic peptide is a new small molecular peptide separated from bovine brain in this research team and is tripeptide composed of three glutamic acids.METHODS: Except normal control, in the rest groups, after 1 week routine breeding, cerebral stereotactic microinjection was used to inject 5 μg ibotenic acid in hippocampus of rats to destroy bilateral Meynert's basal ganglia to establish AD model. In normal control and model group, no medication was applied. In PS group, physiological saline was used for gastric perfusion. In piracetam group, piracetam of 0.3 g/kg was used for gastric perfusion and in acidic peptide groups of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg,acidic peptide of 60, 30 and 15 mg/kg was applied for gastric perfusion successively, continuously for 20 days, once per day, 2 mL/time. On the expiration of gastric perfusion, learning and memory of rats were examined with step down test in every group. The animal was placed on the safe table on step down platform to adapt to the environment for 3 minutes, afterwards, 36 V electric current was given. Error response was recorded if the animal jumped to the copper railings after electric shock and correct response was recorded if the animal jumped back the safe area. Step-up latent phase and frequency of correct response were recorded in 3 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of learning and memory of rats in every group. RESULTS: Totally 84 rats were all included in the result analysis. ①Comparison of learning in every group: Compared with model group, stepup latent phase was shortened remarkably in every acidic peptide group[(102.03±5.33), (71.77±4.38), (68.28±9.53), (69.13±8.79) s, P ＜ 0.01] and the frequency of correct response was improved remarkably [(12.92±2.91),(16.17±2.79), (15.83±3.27), (16.33±2.53) times, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Comparison of memory in every group: Compared with model group, step-up latent phase was shortened remarkably in every acidic peptide group [(43.17±4.66),(29.78±4.48), (26.20±3.28), (22.09±4.43) s, P ＜ 0.01] and the frequency of correct response was improved remarkably [(15.67±2.15), (20.92±2.68),(20.83±2.29), (20.25±2.05) times, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Acidic peptide can shorten remarkably the step-up latent phase of AD rats in step down test and improve the frequency of correct response. It is indicated that acidic peptide provides good intervention on learning and memory of rat model of Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND: It is pointed in some experiment that acidic peptide improves learning and memory of model rat with Alzheimer disease (AD) by inhibiting the synthesis of toxic compounds of nitric oxide (NO).OBJECTIVE: Animal model with Alzheimer disease was established to observe the changes in the levels of NO, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) treated with acidic peptide of various dose concentration.DESIGN: Randomized control and single experiment.SETTING: Teaching-Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in 2nd Research Room and Experimental Animal Room of Teaching-Research Room of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University.Totally 100 SD male rats were selected and some of them were excluded due to retarded response in step down test. Totally 84 rats were included in the experiment and randomized into 7 groups, named normal control,model group, physiological saline group (PS group), Piracetam group, acidic peptide groups of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, 12 rats in each group. Acidic peptide was a new small molecular peptide separated from bovine brain and is tripeptide composed of three glutamic acids.METHODS: Except normal control, in the rest groups, after 1 week routine breeding, cerebral stereotactic microinjection was used to inject 5 μg ibotenic acid in hippocampus of rats to destroy bilateral Meynert's nucleus basalis to establish AD model. In normal control and model group, no medication was applied. In PS group, physiological saline was used for gastric perfusion. In piracetam group, piracetam of 0.3 g/kg was used for gastric perfusion and in acidic peptide groupsof 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg,acidic peptide of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg was applied for gastric perfusion successively, continuously for 20 days, once per day, 2 mL/time. On the expiration of gastric perfusion, the rats were sacrificed after anesthetized and the brain was collected on ice plate to prepare tissue homogenate. After centrifugated at 1 000 r/minute, 4℃ for 10 minutes, the supernatant was collected to assay the levels of NO, NOS and AChE with NO, NOS and AChE kits successively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of NO, NOS and AChE in brain of rat in each groupRESULTS: Totally 84 rats were employed in the experiment and all entered result analysis. Comparison of levels of NO, NOS and AChE in rat brain of each group: compared with model group, NO levels in acidic peptide groups of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg were reduced remarkably[(1.95±0.20), (1.39±0.10), (1.25±0.07), (1.00±0.04) mmoL/kg, P ＜ 0.05],NOS levels were reduced remarkably [(4.53±0.18), (3.39±0.09), (3.10±0.06),(2.97±0.06) μmol/kg, P ＜ 0.05] and AChE did not change remarkably[(0.67±0.12), (0.71±0.11), (0.72±0.08), (0.72±0.07) mmol/L, P ＞ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Acidic peptide reduces significantly the synthesis of NO and NOS in brain of AD rat, but it dose not affect AChE activity remarkably. It is suggested that acidic peptide improves learning and memory of rat with Alzheimer disease probably by inhibiting the synthesis of toxic compound of NO or its toxicity.

Objective To develop a specific trans-splicing intron ribozyme type Ⅰ-mediated dual reporter gene system (Rib53-Fluc-tk) for targeting CEA.Methods The novel CEA-targeting trans-splicing ribozyme with the downstream reporter system (Rib53-Fluc-tk) was constructed by genetic engineering technology.The trans-splicing reaction product was evaluated using the 131I-5-iodo-2'-fluro-l-beta-D-arabinofuranosy-luracil (FIAU) cellular uptake rates and the bioluminescence.Two-sample t test,the analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test was performed for data analysis.Results The sequence of Rib53-Fluc-tk was proved by gene-sequencing test.Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed a high ratio of firefly luciferase/renilla luciferase (0.64±0.10,n =4).A 520 bp band of product existed,which matched with the predicted size using RNA from cells transfected with Rib53-Fluc-tk in MCF-7.Signals were detected by bioluminescence in human embryonic kidney 293T cells co-transfected with Rib53-Fluc-tk and pCDNA3.1-CEA.The labelling rate of 131I-FIAU was (64.02±4.79)％ (n =3).The radiochemical purity was (95.96± 1.07)％ (n=3),and the stability of the radiocompound remained high in human serum at least for 24 h.The uptake of 131I-FIAU in 293T cells transfected with Rib53-Fluc-tk was (0.31±0.01)％ (n=4),while it increased with the incubation time in 293T cells co-transfected with pCDNA3.1-CEA and Rib53-Fluc-tk and reached (1.40±0.06)％ at 4.5 h (F=1 007.29,t=136.34,both P＜0.01).Conelusions A novel and specific reporter gene in the cellular level was established.Taking advantage of trans-splicing reaction of the ribozyme,it could improve the specificity of the reporter gene imaging.

Flap is a main way to repair complex wound defects, however its related complications cannot be ignored. The wound negative pressure therapy (NPWT) can help to promote angiogenesis and granulation, absorb tissue exudate, inhibit bacterial proliferation. It also help with flap survival, saving crisis flaps, and accelerating wound healing of donor site. Therefore, the NPWT is widely used in tissue repairment and reconstruction. This article reviewed and summarized the mechanism of NPWT, as well as its application in the donor and recipient site of flap.

Objective: To summarize the individual design of the perforator flap based on the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and ecological protection of the flap. Methods: From June 2013 to June 2017, 33 cases of extremities wound defects were repaired with the descending branch perforator flap of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. According to the chracteristics of extremity wound and the anatomy of the descending branch perforator of the lateral circum flex artery, a medial incision of the flap according to the demarcation line was performed. Through meticulous dissection, two perforator branches were found and traced on the surface of facia lata. The size of the kiss flap was adjusted according to the perforator caliber. The chimeric muscular flap was incised according to muscular penetration point of the perforator and the course of lateral fermoral nerve with cautious protection of muscular branch of femoral nerve. During the incision, fascia lata, nerves and muscles on donor site were protected to reduce the damage to donor site. Meanwhile, ecological structure on donor site was reconstructed. Our series include 22 males, 11 females. The average age ranged from 13 to 71 years (mean: 47years). There were 21 cases of wounds on dorsum manus and wrists and 12 cases of wounds on the dorsum pedis and lower limbs. The wound dimension ranged from 7 cm×8 cm to 13 cm×24 cm. The flap dimension ranged from 6 cm×7 cm to 8 cm×15 cm.There were 22 cases of KISS flaps and 11 cases of chimeric flaps. Wounds on all donor sites were primarily sutured. Course of the disease ranged from 1 week to 2 months. Results: All flaps were harvested uneventfully and survived well. No vascular crisis occurred. Wounds on all donor sites were primarily sutured. Three to 24 (mean 18) months of follow-up was made on 28 cases. The color and texture of flaps was good. Appearance of the flaps was good. Protective sensation recovered. Only linear scar can be seen on donor sites. No muscular hernia and cinesipathy was noticed on donor sites. Conclusions The size of KISS flaps depends on the caliber of perforator branch estimated intraoperatively. Muscular part of the chimeric flaps was harvested according to the muscular entry points of perforators and the demand of recipient sites. The wound defects were reconstructed individually according to the peculiarity of the defects. Fascialate, nervus cutaneus and muscle was cautiously protected in the course of flap harvest. Ecological structure was reestablished after flap harvest to reduce complications.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of modified rotary-propulsion facial artery perforator flaps for infraorbital defects repair, after facial tumorresection. Methods: Between January 2014 and June 2017, 21 patients with midface tumor were treated, including basal cell carcinoma (n=17) and squamous cell carcinoma (n=4). The size of the tumor ranged from 0.8 cm × 2.0 cm to 2.0 cm× 3.5 cm. The extended resection of the tumor tissue was performed, based on the tumor type. Intraoperative frozen specimen was used to make sure no tumor residual at margin or wound base. According to the location and size, anarterial perforator flap was designed to cover the defect.The donor site was closeddirectly. The flap size ranged from 1.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 3.0 cm × 5.0 cm. The length of flap pedicle was 1.0 cm to 2.5 cm. Results: All flaps completely survived, with satisfying blood flow.The incisions healed well. After 12 to 36 months follow-up, most scars in the donor site were hidden in nasal buccal sulcus and nasolabial folds. There was no lower eyelid ectropion, eyelid and eyeball separation, oral commissural and nasal distortion. The texture and color of the flap was similar to surrounding skin.The overall appearance is satisfactory. Conclusions The modified rotary-propulsion facial artery perforator flaps, to repair soft tissue defects in infraorbital area, is reasonable and useful. It is characterized by limited tissue damage indonor site, flexible rotation of flaps, and hidden incision scars. More importantly, it can reduce the occurrence of lower eyelid ectropion

Lips play an important role in maintaining facial aesthetics and individual physiological functions. There are many subunits of lip aesthetics, and the principles of repairing different subunits are different. At present, there are many method to repair lip defects, ranging from different types of local skin flaps to free skin flaps, but in general, functional repair and appearance recovery should be taken into account. This article reviews the main repair method of lip defect caused by acquired factors such as tumors and trauma.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical effect of V-Y advanced flap with facial artery perforator for repairing the upper lip defect. Methods: Between January 2014 and March 2017, 29 cases with the upper lip tumor or additional scar resulted from trauma. The lesions size ranged from 0.8 cm×2.0 cm-1.9 cm×3.0 cm in diameter. V-Y advanced flap with facial artery perforator was designed according to the size, shape and the location of the wound, and the donor site was closed directly. Results: All the 29 flaps survived completely, including four cases appeared vein congestion at the distal region of the flap, and recovered after active conservative treatment. All the patients were followed up for 3 to 15 months (on average 8 months), with no tumor recurrence, inconspicuous scar. All the patients were satisfied with their function and appearance. Conclusions V-Y advanced flap with facial artery perforator, which could achieve good cosmetic and functional effect, with little influence to the donor site, is an optimal choice to reconstruct the defect of the upper lip.

Objective To investigate the effects of local transplantation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on the formation of hyperplastic scar on rabbit ears.Methods ADSCs were isolated from inguinal fat of six New Zealand rabbits and then sub-cultured.ADSCs of the third passage of each rabbit were used in the following experiments.Six full-thickness skin defect wounds with diameter of 6 mm on the ventral surface of every rabbit ear were made.Wound healing and local-tissue proliferation were observed,and complete epithelization time of wounds and formation time of hyperplastic scar were recorded.The wounds on left ears were selected as group ADSCs,and the wounds on right ears were selected as control group,with 36 wounds in each group.After the complete epithelization of wounds (post injury day 25),0.2 mL bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeled autologous ADSCs with the concentration of 5 ×106 per milliliter were injected into each wound of the rabbit of group ADSCs,while the same amount of phosphate buffer solution was injected into each wound of the rabbit of control group.The frequency of injection was once every 5 days,totally for 3 times,and the latter 2 times were injected into scars generated from healed wound.Hyperplastic scars of rabbits of two groups were harvested on the fifth day after the third injection,then the morphology was observed by HE staining,and the arrangement of collagen in hyperplastic scar was observed by VG staining.The distribution of BrdU-labeled ADSCs in the hyperplastic scar was observed with fluorescence microscope.The protein content of type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen,transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1),and decorin in hyperplastic scar were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the mRNA expression of decorin and TGF-β1 in hyperplastic scar were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Data were processed with paired t test.Results (1) The complete epithelization time of wounds of rabbits' ears was (20.0 ± 2.0) d post injury,and hyperplastic scars were formed on post injury day 35.0 ± 2.2.On post injury day 40,hyperplastic scars of rabbits of control group were still obvious,while those of group ADSCs became smaller,flat,soft,and light colored.(2) Compared with those in control group,epithelial cell layers and the number of nucleated cells in corium layer of hyperplastic scars of rabbits of group ADSCs were increased,and epithelium foot like and dermal papilla like structures were observed.The collagen density of hyperplastic scars of rabbits of control group was tight and arranged disorderly,while that of group ADSCs were decreased significantly and arranged regularly as compared with that of control group.(3) On post injury day 40,BrdU-labeled ADSCs were still observed in the hyperplastic scars of rabbits of group ADSCs.(4) The protein content of type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen,TGF-β1,and decorin in hyperplastic scars of rabbits of group ADSCs were respectively (1.40 ±0.04) and (8.18 ±0.23) μg/L,(25.1 ±0.7) ng/L,and (4.872 ±0.101) ng/mL,and those in hyperplastic scars of rabbits of control group were respectively (2.29 ± 0.05) and (12.20 ±0.38) μg/L,(37.2 ±1.1) ng/L,and (4.143 ±0.024) ng/mL.Compared with those in control group,the protein content of type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen,and TGF-β1 in hyperplastic scars of rabbit of group ADSCs were significantly decreased (with t values from-33.66 to-22.84,P values below 0.001),while the protein content of decorin were significantly increased (t =10.41,P ＜ 0.001).(5) Compared with those in control group,the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in hyperplastic scars of rabbits of group ADSCs was significantly decreased (t =4.45,P ＜ 0.01),while the mRNA expression of decorin was significantly increased (t =5.61,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Autologous transplantation of ADSCs into scar of rabbit at the early stage can inhibit the formation of hyperplastic scar,promote the quality of wound healing,and the mechanism may relate to the down-regulation of TGF-β1,type Ⅰ collagen,and type Ⅲ collagen and the upregulation of decorin induced by ADSCs.