Objective to investigate the situation of occupational health of nurses,so as to provide a reference for protecting the health of nurses. Methods Cluster sampling method was employed in this study. totally 1 204 nurses of two three-level general hospital and a cancer hospital in Bei-jing were randomly surveyed with homemade health of nurses′cross-sectional questionnaire,and a nurse medical examination report was access at the same time. Results there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of nurses work pressure and work fatigue in different hospitals and different departments(P < 0.05). 95.18% of the nurses undergo regular medical examinations,of which 56.97% were found abnormal. the dif-ferences in the incidence rate of abnormal medical examination results in nurses were statistically significant among different hospital and different de-partments(P < 0.05). Conclusion Great job stress and work fatigue are observed in nurses,and they have health problems. It is necessary for the hospital to take appropriate interventions to improve physical and mental health nurses.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, risk factors, outcome and prevention strategy of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) with nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The VLBWIs whose birth weight were less than 1500 g and hospital stays were more than 48 hours in NICU of Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2008 were selected in this study. They were divided into nosocomial infection group and non-infection group. The clinical features and outcomes of nosocomial infection were summarized and the risk factors of which were analyzed with Logistic regression. Results There were 158 VLBWIs who fit for the criteria of our study during the eleven years, the mean birth weight was (1263.8± 155.5) g and the mean gestational age was (30.4±2.1) weeks. There were 70 times and 56 cases suffered from nosocomial infections. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 35.4% and hospital stay-related incidence was 14.4‰. Among 70 times of infections, there were 40(57.1%) pneumonia, 22(31.4%) septicemia, 4(5.8%) thrush, 1(1.4%)conjunctivitis, 1 ( 1.4%) upper respiratory tract infection and 2 (2.9%) unknown site infections.Forty-one strains of bacteria were isolated from 121 specimens, among which gram-negative bacillus accounted for 56.1% and gram-positive cocci for 46.3%. The duration of hospital stay of VLBWIs with nosocomial infection was significantly longer than that without [(43.7±15.5) d vs (26.3±14.4) d] (t = -7.058, P＜0.01). The fatality rate of VLBWIs with and without nosocomial infection was 3.6% (2/56) and 3.9% (4/102), and there was no significant difference (x2 = 0.012,P＞0.05). Logistic regression showed that mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.388, 95% CI: 1.656-6.932, P=0.001) and parenteral nutrition (OR= 7.054, 95%CI: 2.005-24.813, P=0.002) were risk factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusions The incidence of nosocomial infection in VLBWIs in NICU is high. Mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition should be avoided and the duration of invasive operation and treatment should be shortened as much as possible to minimize the chances of nosocomial infection in VLBWIs.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of shift work of female workers in different industries and the relationship between shift work and reproductive health, then provide reference for the female workers' labor protection. Methods: From June to September 2016, cluster sampling questionnaire survey was performed among female workers from 11 industries including electronics, medicine and health, pharmacy. To investigate the general information, shift-work information, reproductive health and childbearing history of these female workers. Results: A total of 63 711 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 96.94%.A total of 13 546 workers worked in shifts, accounting for 21.26%, the highest proportion was in the medical industry 30.61%, metallurgy 30.81%, petrochemical engineerin 26.78% respectively. Compared with the workers who did not work in shifts, those who worked in shifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection in married workers, the rate of infertility (χ²=19.108、10.673、21.510, P<0.05) ; Compared with the workers who did not work in nightshifts, those who worked in nightshifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection among married workers and rate of infertility (χ²=140.043、71.901、29.024, P<0.01) . Conclusion The highest rate of shift work was in the medical industry, metallurgy, petrochemical engineering industry. Workers who worked in shifts have serious reproductive health issues, the occurrence of abnormal menstruation, reproductive system infection and infertility may associated with shift work.

Objective: To investigate the infertility rate and influencing factors of female workers in China's nine industries. Methods: Using multi-stage sampling method, from January to November in 2016. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the infertility of 33 685 female workers in the nine industries including medical and health, petrochemical, metallurgy, railway, machinery manufacturing and electronics,a questionnaire survey. First, three provincial capitals were randomly selected in seven regions. And then we consulted and communicated with the hospital of the provincial city's occupational disease prevention and treatment, marking and coding the target enterprise within its jurisdiction, In these enterprises, we randomly selected five companies. Finally, all women workers who meet the inclusion criteria were surveyed in those enterprises which were drawn. Use the"female workers reproductive health questionnaire" to collect female workers demographic status, occupational status and reproductive status and other data. The single factor analysis of infertility was performed by chi-square test. Multivariate analysis of infertility was carried out by logistic regression model. Results: The age of female workers in the nine industries was (35.98±7.98) years. The infertility rate for one year of female workers in typical industry was 24.81% (8 358/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being13.47% (4 537/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being 10.78% (3 632/33 685). Compared to the east China region, the infertility rate was the highest in the south region (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.66-2.17). Compared to non-working women, the infertility rate was the highest among railroad (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.43-1.98) and financial industries (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.38-1.95). Occupational exposure to heavy metals (OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.04-1.27) and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors (OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.01-1.17) were infertility risk factors. Conclusion The infertility rate of female workers in the nineindustries was high. And the region, industry, occupational exposure to heavy metals and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors, were independent risk factors for infertility.

Objective:To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China, and to explore the influence of age, family per capita income, working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees.Methods:From May to July 2016, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in different industries. A total of 60230 questionnaires were distributed and 57777 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.9%. The survey included the basic information and Symptom Self-assessment Scale, etc. The measured data were in accordance with the normal distribution by normality test and were expressed as ± s. The rates of counting data were compared using the χ 2 test. And unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:There were significant differences in the detection rates of mental health problems among female employees of different ages, marital status, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours, and frequent night shifts ( P<0.01) . The top 3 factors of positive mental health problems were obsessive-compulsive symptoms (23.7%) , depression (16.0%) and interpersonal sensitivity (15.4%) . The factors such as age, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours and frequent night shifts had statistical significances on the risk of female employees' mental health problems ( P<0.05) . Female employees aged 30-39, aged 40-49, with high school education to junior college, bachelor degree or above, engaged in tertiary industry, working time of 8-9 h/d, working time of 9-11 h/d, working time of more than 11 h/d and regular night shifts had higher risk of mental health problems ( OR=1.199, 1.187, 1.296, 1.539, 1.236, 1.674, 1.601, 1.358, 1.393, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The mental health problems of female workers are still serious, we should pay attention to the illegal long-term work and night-shift work, and take effective health promotion measures to effectively improve the mental health level of female workers.

Objective:To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China, and to explore the influence of age, family per capita income, working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees.Methods:From May to July 2016, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in different industries. A total of 60230 questionnaires were distributed and 57777 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.9%. The survey included the basic information and Symptom Self-assessment Scale, etc. The measured data were in accordance with the normal distribution by normality test and were expressed as ± s. The rates of counting data were compared using the χ 2 test. And unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:There were significant differences in the detection rates of mental health problems among female employees of different ages, marital status, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours, and frequent night shifts ( P<0.01) . The top 3 factors of positive mental health problems were obsessive-compulsive symptoms (23.7%) , depression (16.0%) and interpersonal sensitivity (15.4%) . The factors such as age, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours and frequent night shifts had statistical significances on the risk of female employees' mental health problems ( P<0.05) . Female employees aged 30-39, aged 40-49, with high school education to junior college, bachelor degree or above, engaged in tertiary industry, working time of 8-9 h/d, working time of 9-11 h/d, working time of more than 11 h/d and regular night shifts had higher risk of mental health problems ( OR=1.199, 1.187, 1.296, 1.539, 1.236, 1.674, 1.601, 1.358, 1.393, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The mental health problems of female workers are still serious, we should pay attention to the illegal long-term work and night-shift work, and take effective health promotion measures to effectively improve the mental health level of female workers.

Objective To investigate the reproductive health status in female staff,and to develop labor protection strategies for female staff.Methods From May to November,2015,cluster sampling was performed in the industries of medicine and health,petrochemical engineering,metallurgy,railway,mechanical manufacturing,and electronics in seven provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions).A questionnaire surveywas performed for female staff,and the investigation covered general information,occupational history andexposure to occupational hazards,and reproductive health and childbearing history.Results A total of 14 614 usable questionnaires were collected,resulting in a response rate of 96.00％.The meanage of all female staff was 36 years.Of all female staff,80.06％ were married and 40.84％ were exposed to hazardous factors;28.14％ had abnormal menstruation,and the female staff in theelectronics and railway industries had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (32.28％ and 32.11％,respectively).The overall rate of abnormal gynecological examination results was 18.29％,and the female staff in therailway industry had the highest rate (29.49％).Of all female staff,49.01％ reported gynecological diseases in the past,among which hyperplasia of mammary glands accounted for 27.11％ and inflammation in the reproductive system accounted for 36.31％.The medical staff had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (33.11％) and abnormal gynecological examination results (27.46％) compared with the staff engaged in other occupations.With normal sexual life and no contraceptive measures,the 1-,2-,and 3-year infertility rates were 24.26％,11.88％,and 8.88％,respectively.Conclusion The female staff in the industries of medicine and health,railway,and electronics have serious reproductive health issues.Labor protection should be enhanced and working environment should be improved.

Objective To investigate the reproductive health status in female staff,and to develop labor protection strategies for female staff.Methods From May to November,2015,cluster sampling was performed in the industries of medicine and health,petrochemical engineering,metallurgy,railway,mechanical manufacturing,and electronics in seven provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions).A questionnaire surveywas performed for female staff,and the investigation covered general information,occupational history andexposure to occupational hazards,and reproductive health and childbearing history.Results A total of 14 614 usable questionnaires were collected,resulting in a response rate of 96.00％.The meanage of all female staff was 36 years.Of all female staff,80.06％ were married and 40.84％ were exposed to hazardous factors;28.14％ had abnormal menstruation,and the female staff in theelectronics and railway industries had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (32.28％ and 32.11％,respectively).The overall rate of abnormal gynecological examination results was 18.29％,and the female staff in therailway industry had the highest rate (29.49％).Of all female staff,49.01％ reported gynecological diseases in the past,among which hyperplasia of mammary glands accounted for 27.11％ and inflammation in the reproductive system accounted for 36.31％.The medical staff had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (33.11％) and abnormal gynecological examination results (27.46％) compared with the staff engaged in other occupations.With normal sexual life and no contraceptive measures,the 1-,2-,and 3-year infertility rates were 24.26％,11.88％,and 8.88％,respectively.Conclusion The female staff in the industries of medicine and health,railway,and electronics have serious reproductive health issues.Labor protection should be enhanced and working environment should be improved.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of malignant tumors in nurses and its influencing factors and to provide a reference for protecting the health of nurses.

METHODSCluster sampling was used to randomly survey 1204 married nurses working in one tumor hospital and two tertiary general hospital in Beijing, China, from June to August in 2014. Using the homemade health questionnaire and medical examination reports, the prevalence of malignant tumors in nurses was analyzed.

RESULTSThe prevalence of malignant tumors in nurses was 18.3‰, and the prevalence of malignant tumors in the tumor hospital was the highest, reaching 40.1‰. The prevalence of malignant tumors varied significantly between nurses in different hospitals (P<0.05) and in different departments (P<0.05). The malignant tumors in nurses mainly included breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and cervical cancer. The mean age of nurses suffering from malignant tumors was 41 years, and the mean length of service was 20 years. The hospital and department where nurses worked, as well as their age and length of service, were significantly associated with malignant tumors (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and cervical cancer is high in nurses surveyed, particularly those working in the tumor hospital. Further in-depth analysis of the reasons is needed to take preventive interventions for protecting the health of nurses.

The diagnosis of food allergy in children is one hotspot attracting people′s attention in recent years.The incidence of it shows an increasing trend which exposes problems in the understanding of children′s food allergy in China, especially in the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy in children, based on the current domestic, foreign guidelines and relevant research evidence, the guideline recommends 16 clinical hot-button issues in the 4 aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention.Finally, a diagnosis flowchart has been formulated.The guideline aims to improve the standard diagnosis and treatment of food allergies in children in China.