According to the basic principle and methods of welfare economics,we analyzed the necessity of appropriate health technology extension,the influence on efficiency and effect of health welfare in rural areas.Meanwhile,by the ideas of welfare economics,we put forward model of technology selection and multi-channel supply mechanism for appropriate health technology extension in rural areas.

Disease surveillance is a fundamental activity of public health and the basis for action to promote human well-being at the population level. Public health surveillance is the foundation of responding to the outbreak and spread of the epidemic. The Guidelines on Ethical Issues in Public Health Surveillance， as a model for the ethical governance in international public health surveillance， clarifies the ethical essence of public health surveillance and the development process of health surveillance， as well as systematically and comprehensively discusses the public health surveillance， including ethical orientation： constructing a robust public health surveillance system； ethical supervision： establishing effective mechanisms and continuous review； data ethics： building safe and reliable big data-driven surveillance； moral orientation： constructing a trust foundation and community participation model for surveillance； harm mitigation and public trust： the moral obligations and risk management of surveillance； protection of special groups： ethics and practical equity in public health surveillance； data security： protection of big data in surveillance informatization； rational application of identity recognition data： the balance between technology and ethics in surveillance； informed consent： the balance between ethical principles and community interests； communicating results： the ethical balance of transparency， social responsibility， and privacy protection； sharing and protection： ethical challenges and prioritization principles of parsing data； ethics and responsibility： morality and research ethical governance principles for sharing surveillance data. These guidelines can provide useful references for ethical policy documents in public health surveillance in China.

Objective: To explore the effect of working memory intervention training on working memory and literacy of children with developmental dyslexia,so as to provide a preference for practice of the trianing of working memory among children with dyslexia. Methods: A total of 32 children with dyslexia of grade 3-5 in a primary school in Guiyang were randomly divided into two groups: the study group (n=16) and the control group (n=16),and the software of training exercises of working memory was applied to conduct interventional trainings of different durations to 2 gruops of children. Results: Through the intervention training of working memory, the scores of literacy and working memory tasks in the study group (2 217.88±252.32, 105.13±7.68) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1 907.69 ± 545.15, 96.50 ± 11.04) (t=2.06, 2.56, P<0.05). Conclusion The working memory ability of children with dyslexia can be improved by working memory intervention training for a certain period of time. The intervention effect is not only significant in the trained working memory task, but also can be extended to other untrained contents such as literacy.

Objective To grasp the general situation of patent application and authorization of 77 medical and health institutions in Zhejaing,to provide reference and basis for promoting the patent application and conversion.Methods Patent data were searched through Bai Teng net patent database,and SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The total number of patent application showed a trend of generally rise.There were 1430 valid invention patents in total,among which 264 were invention patents and 1166 utility model patents.The total number of patens as well as invention patents were positive correlated to province GDP GDP and doctors per thousand population (r=0.824,0.812,0.784,0.771 respectively,P＜0.001).The rate of collaborative patent application was 6.28％,and there was a significant difference (α=0.05/3,P＜0.001) in the collaborative patent applications around Hangzhou,provincial and other cities medical and health institutions.Conclusions The total number of patents in 77 medical and health institutions in Zhejaing has reached a certain scale,and the number of patents increase with the economic development and the number of doctors per thousand population.The effective patents present in concentrating in regions,and the proportion of invention patents was low.