The contents of gallic acid, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid and paeonol extracted in different growth years, collecting season and of different parts of Paeonia lactiflora were determined. The results showed that the contents of catechin and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora collected in autumn are the highest, and the contents of benzoic acid was lower than that of those collected at other time. The longer is the age of Paeonia lactiflora, the higher is the contents of catechin and paeoniflorin. The contents of catechin and paeoniflorin in the root of Paeonia lactiflora were higher than those in other parts of the plant. There is a certain content of paeoniflorin in the leaves of Paeonia lactiflora. Judging from the result, paeoniflorin is synthesized in the leaf and then transported to the root. Catechin is not synthesized in the leaf, but mainly in the root. Paeonia lactiflora should be collected in autumn, and immature plant should not be collected.
Acetophenones ; analysis ; Benzoates ; analysis ; Benzoic Acid ; analysis ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; Catechin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo define the ideal time window for intubation after rocuronium administration during target-controlled infusion (TCI) ofpropofol and sulfentanil.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty elective surgical patients (age range 18-55 years) were randomized into 4 groups (n=30) according to the intubation time after administration of the muscle relaxant. Patients with predicted difficult airway were excluded. General anesthesia was induced by TCI of propofol and sulfentanil. A senior anesthesiologist blinded for the randomization performed the intubations at 1, 2, 3, or 4 min after injection of rocuronium, and the vocal card visibility was evaluated upon full exposure of the vocal cord and the intubation conditions assessed according to Cooper's score.

RESULTSThe intubation conditions were excellent or good in all patients, but the vocal cord visibility at 2-4 min differed significantly from that at 1 min after rocuronium administration (P<0.01). Suppression of the neuromuscular function 1 min after rocuronium administration differed significantly from that at other time points (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe condition of vocal cord can be more suitable for intubation at 2-4 min than at 1 min after rocuronium administration as the ideal time window for intubation during TCI of propofol and sulfentanil.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Intubation ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Sufentanil ; administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; Vocal Cords ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Shugan Jianpi Granule (, SJG) on the number of gut mucosal serotonin-positive cells (5-HT+C) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of stagnated Gan-qi attacking Pi (SGAP) syndrome type.

METHODSTwenty-four patients were randomized equally into three groups. All were treated with the basic conventional treatment by cognition-behavior therapy with assistance of lactein 3 tablets thrice a day. Additionally, 24 g of SJG was given three times a day to group A, and the same dosage of SJG and Smecta 15 g thrice a day was given to group B, while no additional treatment was given to the control group. The number of 5-HT+C was measured respectively before and two weeks after treatment by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe number of 5-HT+C decreased after treatment in all the three groups (P<0.05), but the decrement was more significant in the two test groups than in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while comparison of 5-HT+C between the two test groups showed insignificant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSJG can reduce the number of 5-HT+C in IBS patients of SGAP syndrome type, and its effect is enhanced when used in combination with Smecta.

Adult ; Cell Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency, safety, and possible mechanisms of Qingre Buyi Decoction (QBD) in the treatment of acute radiation proctitis (ARP).

METHODSThis study was a single center, prospective, single blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with ARP was equally and randomly distributed into the control group (conventional treatment) and the combination group (conventional treatment plus QBD). The changes of main Chinese medicine clinical symptoms and signs, including stomachache, diarrhea, mucous or bloody stool before and after treatment, and their adverse reactions were observed after the two-week treatment. Also, D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, hepatic and renal function were measured. Cure rates, effective rates, and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe blood levels of both DAO and D-lactate were significantly decreased in the combination group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). All main clinical symptoms and signs were alleviated more significantly in the combination group (P<0.01). The main symptom scores also were significantly decreased after treatment in the control group (P<0.01), except those for mucous or bloody stool (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, the improvements of stomachache, diarrhea, defecation dysfunction, and stool blood in the combination group were significantly better (P<0.05 or P<0.01). For the combination group, the curative rate, effective rate, and recurrence rate was 76.67%, 16.67%, and 6.67%, respectively. On the other hand, for the control group, the rate was 53.33%, 16.67%, and 30.00%, respectively. The total curative effect was significantly better in the combination group than in the control group (P<0.05). However, the recurrence rate was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). The hepatic and renal function remained normal in both groups (P>0.05). In addition, no severe adverse event was found in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSAddition of QBD to the conventional treatment can effectively alleviate the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function and improve all main clinical symptoms and signs of the ARP. The combination of conventional treatment with Chinese herbal medicine QBD is effective and safe for ARP.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Azulenes ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; administration & dosage ; Glutamine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norfloxacin ; administration & dosage ; Pain ; complications ; Proctitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; Silicates ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of out-of-hospital acute coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in Beijing permanent residents at the age of 25 or more from 2007 to 2009.

METHODSWe analyzed the gender, age, geographical distribution, occupation, marital status and the extent of different education characteristics of out-of-hospital acute CHD deaths of the Beijing permanent residents at the age of 25 or more from 2007 to 2009 using the mortality information database from the Beijing Vital Registration Monitoring System.

RESULTSOf the total 41 732 acute CHD deaths, 30 159 (72.27%) died out of hospital and out-of-hospital mortality was 2.61 times higher than in-hospital mortality. Majority out-of-hospital death occurred in males (72.30%, 16 068/22 224), in 25 - 34 years old people (91.75%, 89/97), in residents living in remoter suburbs and counties (82.43%, 13 513/16 393), in rural population (89.50%, 10 017/11 192), in non-marital single (80.76%, 592/733) and in people less than five-years of schooling (83.95%, 11 388/13 565). Most out-of-hospital acute CHD death occurred at home (78.80%, 23 765/30 159).

CONCLUSIONSOut-of hospital acute CHD mortality is high in Beijing permanent residents at the age of 25 and over from 2007 to 2009. Male, 25 - 34 years old, living in outer suburbs and counties, rural population, non-marital single, and less education years are major risk factors for out-of-hospital acute CHD death.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; mortality ; Coronary Disease ; mortality ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of cytoplasmic domain of integrin alpha IIb in platelet signal transduction.

METHODSBinding capacity of integrin alpha IIb(R995A) to antibody platelet activation complex-1 (PAC-1) and pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation of cells were detected by flow cytometry, immune precipitation, and Western blotting.

RESULTSWithout activation, wild-type alpha IIb beta3 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells failed to bind to PAC-1, but mutant chimera alpha IIb(R995A)beta3 CHO cells were able to bind with PAC-1. Furthermore, phosphorylation of pp125 (FAK) in wild-type alpha IIb beta3 CHO cells occured only when cells were adhered to fibrinogen, but could not be detected in bovine serum albumin suspension. However in the mutant chimera group, it could be detected in both conditions.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation in integrin alpha IIb(R995A) alters its affinity state as a receptor, thus also mediating cytoplasmic signal transduction leading to the phosphorylation of pp125 (FAK) without ligand binding.

Animals ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Cell Adhesion ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Point Mutation ; Protein Phosphatase 2 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

To explore the effect of glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) on the adhesion function of bone marrow mononuclear cell from patients with myeloid leukemia and analyze its mechanism, the activity of GPI-PLD in bone marrow mononuclear cell from the patients were measured by using GPI-anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as substrate and Triton-X114 partitioning; the adhesion rate and CD24 expression of these cells were measured by MTT and immunohistochemical method respectively, when these cells were or were not treated by 1 mmol/L 1,10-phenanthroline for 5 hours. The results showed that the GPI-PLD activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patients was significantly inhibited after being treated by 1 mmol/L 1, 10-phenanthroline for 5 hours [(42.08 +/- 7.21)% vs (5.4 +/- 2.96)%], while the adhesion rate and the expression of CD24 of these cells were increased [(49.78 +/- 26.73)% vs (61.19 +/- 29.14)%, (16.02 +/- 9.68)% vs (18.5 +/- 11.14)%, respectively)]. It is concluded that depression of GPI-PLD activity can increase the adhesion rate of bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patients while the CD24 expression is enhanced.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD24 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology ; Phospholipase D ; blood ; metabolism

Objective To work out the suitable iodine content in iodized salt among general population in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,Hubei province by determination of the iodine content in salt.Methods The method of direct titration was used to determine the iodine content in salt samples collected from residents in natural villages sampled from four directions of east,west,south and north in each township which was sampled from five directions of east,west,south,north and center in each city(county) in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,and salt samples were collected in Hubei Salt Industry Group Co.,Limited.Enshi Branch in 2011.The method of three-days weighing was used to estimate the resident's daily per capita intake of iodized salt.The appropriate iodine content for general population in salt was worked out according to the iodine content in salt from households and enterprises in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,the amount of iodine loss in iodized salt,the amount of per capita daily intake of iodized salt and the national iodine nutrition monitoring results.Results The median of iodine content in salt from residents and the production enterprises in 2011 was 33.5 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg,respectively.The residents' per capita salt intake was 10.9 g,actual intake of iodine wss 335.0 μg/d.Iodine content in iodized salt was 20 mg/kg ±30％ for the general population,actual intake of iodine was 149.4-250.4 μg/d.Conclusions The residents iodine intake is higher in Enshi Autonomous prefecture.Considering the comprehensive factors,including food iodine,water iodine,and iodine cooking loss,that affect the intake of salt iodine,the appropriate iodine content in iodized salt is 20 mg/kg ± 30％ for the general population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the systemic inflammatory response and T cell induced immunity after systemic administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) during early postburn stage.

METHODSForty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups for the study. The rats in control group (C, n = 6) were only used for the determination of plasma levels of the cytokines, such as TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 and CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. The SD rats in burn with rhGH treatment group (BT, n = 18) and burn without treatment group (B, n = 18) were inflicted with III degree scalding injury on the back. rhGH was injected subcutaneously on the abdomen of the rats in a dose of 6 IU/kg for 10 days in BT group. The blood samples were harvested from the rats in the two groups for the evaluation of the above indices.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 and CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were increased on the 3(rd) postburn day (PBD) and decreased on the 6(th) PBD in B group, while the CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were increased significantly and the plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 decreased obviously on the 3(rd) PBD in BT group. And the plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in BT group on the 6(th) PBD showed no difference from those in C group. But the plasma TNFalpha level in BT group was evidently higher than that in B and C group on the 6(th) PBD. Furthermore, the plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-6 in BT group were still increased gradually on the 10(th) PBD, while the IL-2 and IL-6 levels were decreased obviously in B group, but the TNFalpha level was increased.

CONCLUSIONSystemic administration of rhGH during different states of stress exerted different effects on T cell induced immunity and systemic inflammatory response.

Animals ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Human Growth Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have been reported to improve wound healing. However, type I collagen secreted by ADMSCs will contribute to scar formation. Therefore, inhibiting type I collagen secretion from ADMSCs will strengthen its clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3on secretion of type I collagen by ADMSCs and its mechanism. METHODS: Human ADMSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion, and identified by flow cytometry. ADMSCs at passage 4 were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3(10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10and 0 mol/L) respectively for 4 days. Then, the concentration of type I collagen in cell supernatant was measured by ELISA. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Smad3 at mRNA and protein levels and phosphorylated protein Smad3 level in ADMSCs cultured with and without 1,25(OH)2D3. To analyze the contribution of Smad3 to the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3, Smad3 inhibitor was added to culture medium 30 minutes before adding 1,25(OH)2D3, and type I collagen in cell supernatant was detected by ELISA at 4 days after addition of SMAD3 inhibitor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1,25(OH)2D3inhibited the secretion of type I collagen by ADMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The results of real-time PCR and western blot showed that the expression of Smad3 was upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, and the results of western blot showed that the phosphorylated Smad3 protein level in ADMSCs was significantly increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, the inhibition of type I collagen secretion by 1,25(OH)2D3could be blocked by Smad3 inhibitor. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3can inhibit the secretion of type I collagen from ADMSCs by up-regulating the expression of Smad3.