OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence supporting vitamin C and D medication in the treatment and prevention of acute viral respiratory infectious disease, and to provide evidence for clinical rational medication and potential treatment option for COVID-19 especially. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved from inception to February 13, 2020, and the references in the reviews and those not included in the database were manually retrieved. RESULTS: Eight literatures were included finally. In terms of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, none literature about vitamin C and D medication was available. In terms of influenza, one prospective controlled trial proved vitamin C's efficacy. For vitamin D in influenza, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial proved its efficacy, while three randomized controlled trials showed no efficacy. Additionally, one case-control study showed no statistical association between vitamin D level and the risk of influenza, and one randomized controlled trial showed no significant difference between high-dose and standard-dose vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION: Currently, no evidence supports the effectiveness of vitamin C and D medication in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, MERS and SARS. However, limited evidence supports potential benefit of vitamin C and D medication in influenza. Physicians and pharmacists should take relevant clinical practice guidelines and supporting evidence into consideration when using vitamin C or D (especially high-dose medication), and pay attention to monitoring drug adverse reactions and drug interactions.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the international information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide reference for prevention and control of the epidemic. METHODS: International information about COVID-19 from World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Department of Health, Australian Government (AGDH), Department of Health & Social Care, UK (UKDH), the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) were retrieved and summarized. The timeliness, comprehensiveness and applicability of the international information were evaluated descriptively. Technical guidance about clinical management and pharmaceutical work of pharmacists were analyzed. RESULTS: Information from WHO, CDC, ECDC, AGDH, UKDH and FIP were generally detailed, with timeliness, comprehensiveness and a certain applicability. WHO focused on global perspective and provided clinical management guidance, and FIP focused on pharmacist and pharmaceutical work and provided information about clinical medication. CONCLUSION: When referring to international information about COVID-19, the actual situation should be taken into consideration, and subsequently the information should be applied cautiously to help prevent and control the epidemic of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features and outcome of patients with noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (NVM).

METHODSClinical manifestations, electrocardiograms and echocardiographies data were analyzed in 18 patients with NVM. Mean follow-up period was (11 +/- 5) months.

RESULTSThe patients aged from 1.5 to 71 years, 66.7% patients were males, familial history was observed in 2 cases, congestive heart failure was present in 14 cases, thromboembolic event occurred in 1 patient, arrhythmia induced syncopes were diagnosed in 2 patients and 1 patient was asymptomatic. Abnormal electrocardiograms were observed in all patients, including premature ventricular beats (7 cases), heart block (4 cases), and atrial fibrillations (4 cases). Echocardiographies showed that noncompaction of ventricular myocardium localized in the left ventricle in 17 patients, and right ventricle in 1 patient. The extension of noncompaction myocardium was predominantly at the apex (72%). N/C was 2.3 - 3.1. EF was less than 50% in 15 patients. Hypokinetic movements were observed in both noncompacted and compacted segments. During the follow-up, 1 patient with congestive heart failure received heart transplantation. ICD was implanted in one patient due to ventricular tachycardia. One patient suffered from sudden cardiac death.

CONCLUSIONSThe most common clinical presentations of NVM are congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and thromboembolism. Echocardiography is considered as the best tool for the diagnosis of NVM. ICD, heart transplantation and anticoagulation therapy could improve the prognosis of patients with NVM in selected cases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; Heart Ventricles ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the postmarketing safety characteristics of three immunomodulatory drugs(IMiDs)(thalidomide,lenalidomide and pomalidomide)in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods The Open Vigil 2.0 tool was used to collect adverse drug event(ADE)reporting data from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration's(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)between the first quarter of 2013 and the second quarter of 2022 for three IMiDs as primary suspect drugs.High frequency ADE was analyzed by mapping according to Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities(MedDRA terminology)25.0.The effective signals of adverse drug reactions(ADR)were screened according to the reporting odds ratio(ROR)and proportional reporting ratio(PRR)methods,and the high-intensity signals were analyzed.Results Among the top 20 ADEs,peripheral neuropathy,decreased blood count,thrombosis,skin squamous cell carcinoma and other ADEs occurred in all three drugs,but the distribution of the involved tissues and organs was different.Among the top 20 ADR signals,nearly half of the ADR signals of the 3 drugs were also in the high-frequency ADE range,among which 3 drugs showed increased human chorionic gonadotrophin,thalidomide and lenalidomide showed false positives in pregnancy tests,rectal adenocarcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma,and pomalidomide and lenalidomide showed decreased complete blood counts.Conclusion The overall ADE distribution of the three diamines is consistent,but there are some differences in the specific ADR signal characteristics.In clinical application,more attention should be paid to hemocytopenia,peripheral neuropathy,thrombus and second primary malignant tumors.

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-PCR based method for quantitative detection of chimerism after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and to explore its feasibility, accuracy and superiority.

METHODS18 SNP loci were sereened to identify informative markers for detecting chimerism in each donor/recipient pair before transplantation. Then the chimerism rate of each informative marker was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). The accuracy and sensitivity were verified by multiple proportion dilution and analogy chimerism compared with quantitative detection of short tandem repeat (STR)-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and fusion gene.

RESULTS(1) The average slope of the 17 time amplications of the internal control plasmid was -3.39, the average intercept was 39.97, correlation coefficients were more than 0.995, which was close to the theoretical level. The intra- and interassay variability was 0.50% and 1.1%, respectively, which were both in the allowed ranges. A linear correlation with artificial mixed chimerism is above 0.99 and a sensitivity of 0.01% proved reproducible. (2) At least one informative marker could be found in over 95% of 40 donor/recipient pairs. The results of the chimerisms derived from SNP-PCR were consistent with that from STR-PCR (96.7%), FISH and fusion gene analasis (P > 0.05); the quantitative results of special fusion gene transcripts were negtive in complete chimerism samples, and positive in mixed chimerism samples.

CONCLUSIONSThis new assay which overcome the PCR competition and plateau biases of STR-PCR provides an accurate, reliable and rapid quantitative assessment of mixed chimerism after allo-transplantation. It is highly promising for of clinical application and may take the place of STR-PCR in the conventional chimerisim assessment.

Chimerism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Chimera ; Transplantation, Homologous

Collection and rating of evidence,survey of patients' preference and value and economic evaluation of the Practice Guideline for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole have been finished.The Guideline Consensus Panel reached consensus of the recommendations by 3 rounds Delphi and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation grid method.Consensus of 38 recommendations was reached,with a consensus percentage of 50.7％.Twenty seven recommendations were finalized and approved by the Guideline Steering Committee.Draft recommendations were generated.

Objective To explore the method of WeChat medication education for patients used by pharmacists,and to investigate the effect of WeChat medication education at Peking university third hospital.Methods Totally 30 patients who used warfarin at Peking university third hospital were enrolled.A series of subscriptions concerning warfarin medication education were sent to patients and/or their caregivers by WeChat regularly.The medication knowledge score after/before the intervention were assessed.Results The score of patients' warfarin medication knowledge before intervention was (14.20 ± 1.97) points,and after that the score was (16.63 ± 1.74) points,showing an improvenent with significance (P ＜ 0.001).Questions about adverse events of warfarin were most likely to be answered by mistake and the score of relevant questions was only (0.97 ± 0.80) points and (1.07 ± 0.81) points,respectively (P ＞ 0.05) before and after intervention.Conclusion It is of great significance for pharmacists to provide warfarin medication education.It is proved effective to improve patients' recognition of warfarin medication by means of WeChat subscriptions.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) or peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in mini-swine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.

METHODSThe Mini-swine acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion model was created with 90 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion and the animals were then divided into BM-MNC group (3.54 x 10(8) +/- 0.90 x 10(8), n = 9), EPC group (1.16 x 10(7) +/- 1.07 x 10(7), n = 7) and control group (saline, n = 7). Echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements and myocardium infarction size were evaluated before and 4 weeks after intracoronary cell transplantations.

RESULTSThe net decrease from baseline to 4 weeks after transplantation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end systolic pressure, cardiac output and +dp/dt(max) were significantly attenuated post BM-MNC and EPC therapy compared to control group (all P < 0.05) and were similar between BM-MNC and EPC groups. Transplantation of BM-MNC and EPC also significantly decreased myocardial infarction size compared to control group.

CONCLUSIONAutologous intracoronary transplantation of BM-MNC or EPC in this model equally improved cardiac systolic function and reduced infarction area.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Coronary Circulation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; therapy ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Transplantation, Autologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in mini-swine model.

METHODSMyocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by ligating in 16 mini-swines, which were further randomized into two groups: (3.54 +/- 0.90) x 10(8) BM-MNC was intracoronarily transplanted in BM-MNC group (n = 9), and phosphate buffer saline was intracoronarily applied in the control group (n = 7). Ultrasonic cardiograhpy, hemodynamics, neovascular density, and myocardium infarction size were evaluated before and 4 weeks after transplantation.

RESULTSIn BM-MNC group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), intra-ventricular septa, lateral wall and anterior wall, cardiac output (CO) and + dp/dt(max) had no significant differences before and 4 weeks after transplantation (P > 0.05). In the control group, LVEF, intraventricular septa, lateral wall and anterior wall, CO, and + dp/dt(max) significantly decreased 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and- dp/dt(max) had no significant differences before and after cell transplantation. Capillary density was significantly larger in the BM-MNC group than in the control group [(13.39 +/- 6.96) /HP vs. (3.50 +/- 1.90) /HP]. The percentage and size of myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the BM-MNC group than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONTransplantation of BM-MNC into the myocardial ischemic reperfusion-injury area can increase capillary density and decrease infarction area, and thus remarkably improve cardiac systolic function.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Coronary Vessels ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differentiation status of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) and peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) transplanted into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury region in swine.

METHODSBM-MNC marked with PKH26 (n = 9), EPC marked with CM-DiI (n = 7), phosphate buffer saline (control, n = 7) were transplanted into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury region of swine by intracoronary artery injection. Specimens were harvested 4 weeks after injection for histological analysis (HE, immunochemical stain for vWF, alpha-sarcomeric-actin and fibronectin antibody). Cell differentiation was observed under transmission electronmicroscope.

RESULTSThe number of small blood vessels was similar between BM-MNC group and EPC group (13.39 +/- 6.96/HP vs.12.39 +/- 4.72/HP, P < 0.05), but was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). Responsive intensity of immunochemical stain for fibronectin antibody was significantly lower in BM-MNC and EPC groups than that in control group. Responsive intensity of immunochemical stain for alpha-sarcomeric-actin antibody was similar among the three groups. Cluster cells were observed in one swine from BM-MNC group which might relate to the proliferation of stem cells in situ. Immature endothelial cells and myocytes were also detected by transmission electronmicroscope in BM-MNC and EPC group.

CONCLUSIONBM-MNC and EPC transplanted into myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury region in swine stimulated the formation of blood vessels and inhibited fibrogenesis.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Monocytes ; transplantation ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Transplantation, Autologous