Objective By observing the effect of Xiaoyuhuatan decoction on insulin resistance in rar with nonalchoholic fatty liver,the author made a reasearch into this herb'S machanism on cambating on nonalchoholic fatty liver.Methods The insulin resistance rat model was fed by high fat forage and Dongbaogantai control group was set up for the sake of comparion.We determined the contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),free fatty acid(FFA),fasting plasma glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin(INS)in serum and the contents of TC,TG of liver tissue homogenate of each group,and the degree of hepatocytic steatosis.Results Xiaoyuhuatan decoction could obviously decrease the index of insulin resistance and improve insulin insensitive index.Lipid in blood serum and hepatic tissues were significantly decreased,liver fat cell denaturation was improved.Conclusion The thrapentic eftect of Xiaoyuhuatan Decoction on fatty liver is probably contribute tO this herb's mechanism of improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin insensitive.

Nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune system, reproductive system, digestive system and other physiological activities, is an important biological substance with activity. Under normal physiological conditions, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can precisely regulate the nervous system NO production, release, diffusion and inactivation processes. But an excess of NO associates with the development of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's psychosis nervous system diseases, while inhibition of nNOS activity can regulate the content of NO in vivo, and produce a therapeutic effect on some of the nervous system diseases. This review mainly describes the structure and regulation of nNOS and recent developments of small molecule inhibitors of nNOS.
Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of half circle external fixation for the treatment of open tibial fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to March 2011, 94 patients with open tibiofibula fractures were treated by closed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction with half circle groove external fixation including 63 males and 31 females with an average age of 39 years old ranging from 17 to 65 years old. Among these patients, 5 cases were cross shaped fractures, 19 were oblique form and spiral fractures, 70 cases were comminuted fractures. According to the fracture Gustilo classification, 49 cases were type IIIA, 45 were type IIIB. The incidence of wound infection, fracture healing time were observed. The function was evaluated according to the Johner-Wruhs standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 14 to 63 months (averaged 29 months). The wound healing time was from 16 to 39 weeks (means 21.4 weeks). No fracture nonunion, osteomyelitis and calf compartment syndrome occurred. The wounds of 81 cases were healed at the first period,deep wound infection occurred in 2 cases. According to the function Johner-Wruhs evaluation criteria:the result was excellent in 52 cases, good in 37 cases, fair in 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONClosed manipulative or Kirschner-wire poking reduction and half circle groove external fixation can reduce the infection rate of open tibiofibula fractures. For open tibiofibula comminuted fractures, after the half circle groove external fixation for 3 to 6 weeks, a middle Kirschner-wire was removed according to fracture end healing situation to make fixation dynamic and promote fracture healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Wires ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; blood ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chemokine CCL11 ; genetics ; Chemokine CCL2 ; genetics ; Chemokine CCL5 ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).

METHODSThe epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of 66 children with AIDS were retrospectively studied.

RESULTSOf the 66 patients, 46 (69.7%) were male and 20 (30.3%) were female, with a mean age of 8.7 years (ranged 2-16 years). The mean age at diagnosis was 7.7 years (ranged 2-15 years). Vertical transmission as the route of infection was documented in 48 cases (72.7%). Fourteen children (21.2%) were infected through blood or blood products. The route of infection could not be identified in 4 cases (6.1%). Body weight loss was noted in 43 cases (65.2%), anemia in 42 cases (63.7%), fever in 40 cases (60.6%), fatigue in 38 cases (57.6%), rash in 31 cases (47.0%), chronic cough in 28 cases (12.1%), chronic diarrhea in 24 cases (36.4%), CNS involvement in 16 cases (24.2%), oral thrush in 13 cases (19.7%), and hepatosplenomegaly in 12 cases (18.2%). Body height of 30 cases (45.4%) and body weight of 26 cases (39.4%) ranked the lower level. The immune system was severely suppressed in 59 cases (89.4%) and moderately suppressed in 7 cases (10.6%).

CONCLUSIONSVertical transmission remained the most common route of pediatric HIV infection. There were various clinical manifestations in children with AIDS. The immune systems of the majority of children with this disorder were severely suppressed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; etiology ; immunology ; Adolescent ; Body Height ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Shugan Jianpi Granule (, SJG) on the number of gut mucosal serotonin-positive cells (5-HT+C) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of stagnated Gan-qi attacking Pi (SGAP) syndrome type.

METHODSTwenty-four patients were randomized equally into three groups. All were treated with the basic conventional treatment by cognition-behavior therapy with assistance of lactein 3 tablets thrice a day. Additionally, 24 g of SJG was given three times a day to group A, and the same dosage of SJG and Smecta 15 g thrice a day was given to group B, while no additional treatment was given to the control group. The number of 5-HT+C was measured respectively before and two weeks after treatment by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe number of 5-HT+C decreased after treatment in all the three groups (P<0.05), but the decrement was more significant in the two test groups than in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while comparison of 5-HT+C between the two test groups showed insignificant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSJG can reduce the number of 5-HT+C in IBS patients of SGAP syndrome type, and its effect is enhanced when used in combination with Smecta.

Adult ; Cell Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Syndrome

Functional nucleic acids are natural or artificialnucleic acid sequences with specific functions and special structures. Special metal ions are essential trace elements for human health, but excessive metal ions will be harmful to human health. The functional nucleic acids are widely used in the detection of metal ions because of their advantages such as easy modification, low price, high stability and strong specificity. This review describes the function of functional nucleic acid and metal ions, mainly including cutting type, link type, metal ion-mediated base pairing, click chemical type, conformation change type, and other types. Then, biosensor of functional nucleic acid combined with different signal output is introduced. Finally, the research significance and problems of functional nucleic acid in metal ion detection are discussed, and the future development direction and application prospect of functional nucleic acid biosensor are prospected.

Aim Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Alii) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Accumulating evidences show that energy metabolism defieits and homeostasis imbalance lead to selective degeneration of motor neurons in ALS.Adenosine phosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) and silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) are known to sense energy metabolism at the cellular level, playing an essential part in regulating the energy homeostasis and autophagy by activating downstream pathways.AMPK activates SIRT1 to activate the deaeetylation and activation of downstream genes involved in energy metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-aetivated receptor 7 ( PPAR-y) and eoaetivator la ( PGC-la) , thereby increasing the level of mitochondrial biosynthesis.Therefore, the mechanism by which AMPK/SIRT1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism is highly likely to be a potential target for ALS treatment.Here we first review the important role of energy metabolism defects and mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS, and briefly address the therapeutic potential of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 a pathway as a treatment target in ALS, and how targeted regulation of this signaling pathway makes it an effective therapeutic strategy for ALS.

OBJECTIVETo explore diagnosis and treatments of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in children with non-hematologic diseases.

METHODTwenty one patients without hematological malignancy were diagnosed with proven or possible IPA from July 2002 to June 2008. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, chest radiographic findings, microbiological and histopathological evidence, diagnostic procedures, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTFive children had proven IPA, and 16 patients had possible IPA. Thirteen children were classified as having acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (AIPA), eight children as having chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA). Definitive diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency (PID) was made in 6 children (4 with chronic granulomatous disease, 2 with cellular immunodeficiency); three children were suspected of having PID. Corticosteroids and multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics had been administered in 5 patients (3 of these 5 patients also had invasive mechanical ventilation). Two children had underlying pulmonary disease. Three patients had unknown risk factors. Among these three patients, two had history of environmental exposure. Fever and cough were present in all the children. Fine rales were found in nineteen children. Six children had hepatosplenomegaly. The common roentgenographic feature of AIPA in 13 patients was nodular or mass-like consolidation with multiple cavity. "air-crescent" was seen in 10 of patients with AIPA. Lobar consolidation with cavity and adjacent pleural thickening was found in all children with CNPA. The positive rate of sputum and/or BALF culture in AIPA and CNPA were 72.1% and 22.4%, respectively. A large number of septate hyphae on wet smear were found in all of the children whose sputum and/or BALF culture were positive. Lung biopsy was performed in 3 children with CNPA, and necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, as well as septate, branching hyphae were observed on histopathologic examination. Fifteen children were treated with anti-fungal therapy (amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole and caspofungin used alone or in combination), symptoms and lung lesions resolved in 12 children. Three children died. Six children did not receive anti-fungal therapy and died. The side effects of amphotericin B include chill, fever, hypokalemia and transient increase in BUN, none of which needed discontinuation of the antifungal therapy. Children had a good tolerance to fluconazole and caspofungin, there were no apparent side effects.

CONCLUSIONMost of the children without hematologic diseases who suffered from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis had risk factors or exposure history. Roentgenographic findings were relatively characteristic for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Risk factors and roentgenographic findings were clues to consider clinically invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Sputum culture was the key point to clinical diagnosis. The patients in whom the antifungal therapy was initiated early had a good outcome.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

AIMTo investigate the effects of imidapril (IMI) on effective refractory period (ERP) and sodium current (I(Na)) of myocytes in ventricular noninfarction zone of healed myocardial infarction (HMI) in rabbit models.

METHODSRabbits with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and IMI (0.625 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 8 weeks) was orally administered. The ERP and sodium current were recorded.

RESULTSThe ERP in HMI heart was prolonged. The ERP in IMI group was lower significantly than that of HMI group. The I(Na) density of myocyte in HMI ventricle decreased obviously. V 1/2 of steady state inactivation of I(Na) shifted to hyperpolarization, and time constant (tau) of recovery from inactivation in HMI ventricular myocyte was longer than that of sham ventricular myocyte. I(Na) density in IMI group increased markedly as compared with that of HMI group.

CONCLUSIONIMI was shown to reverse the abnormal prolongation of ERP in rabbit heart with the HMI and increase I(Na) density. It may be the mechanism of IMI preventing against antiarrhythmia in healed myocardical infarction.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Imidazolidines ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological ; drug effects