Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture from 2012 to 2021, and to provide reference for formulating relevant prevention and control measures. Methods　The data of public health emergencies reported in Xishuangbanna from 2012 to 2021 were collected and analyzed through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Results A total of 78 public health emergencies (including "Unrated" events) were reported in Xishuangbanna from 2012 to 2021. The highest 21 cases and the lowest 3 cases were reported every year. A total of 1 0374 cases were reported in 78 public health emergencies, involving a population of 1 703 049, with a morbidity of 609.14/100 000, 24 deaths, mortality of 1.41/100 000 and fatality rate of 231.35/100 000. The event level was mainly "general (level Ⅳ)" with 52 incidents, accounting for 66.67%, and 17 incidents of "major (level Ⅲ)", accounting for 21.79%. 51 cases were mainly infectious diseases, accounting for 65.39%. The peak periods for incidents were May-July and November-February of the next year; there were 39 incidents in schools, accounting for 50%, followed by 20 incidents in families, accounting for 25.64%. The top three reported cases were food poisoning (32.05%), chicken pox 17 (21.79%) and dengue fever 10 (12.82%). Among the 24 deaths in public health emergencies, 22 were caused by food poisoning. Wild bacteria poisoning and alcohol poisoning were the main causes of food poisoning, accounting for 45.83% and 37.5% of the total deaths, respectively. Conclusion Infectious diseases, especially respiratory diseases and food poisoning are the focus of the prevention and control of public health emergencies in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, of which Schools and families should be pay close attention. Plague, a Class A infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis has occurred in two inter-animal outbreaks in 10 years and spread to the population, which should be of great concern.

OBJECTIVETo study the tear film function of patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate the risk factors of dry eye in these patients.

METHODSTotally 111 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. Tear film function was evaluated by dry eye syndrome, tear breaking up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test (SIt), and tear film lipid layer observation with tear scope. Dye eye score was calculated with the results of these tests.

RESULTSWhen compared with the controls, patients with type 2 diabetes showed higher dry eye score (diabetics 3.28 +/- 1.56, control 2.31 +/- 1.50, P < 0.01) and faster BUT [diabetics (6.50 +/- 4.84) s, control (12.26 +/- 7.16) s, P < 0.01], but similar SIt [diabetics (10.61 +/- 6.86) s, control (10.92 +/- 7.05) s, P > 0.05]. More diabetic patients were diagnosed as dry eye(diabetics 19.8%, control 8.0%, P < 0.05). According to their retinopathy, the diabetic patients were divided into three groups: without diabetic retinopathy (DR), with background DR, and with proliferative DR. For these three groups, the dry eye scores were 2.95 +/- 1.50, 3.38 +/- 1.48 and 4.11 +/- 1.60, respectively (P < 0.01); the SIt were (10.95 +/- 6.89) mm, (11.71 +/- 7.30) mm and (7.63 +/- 5.20) mm, respectively (P > 0.05); the BUT were (7.53 +/- 5.23) s, (5.88 +/- 4.10) s and (4.47 +/- 4.17) s (P < 0.05). Patients with DR were then devided into two groups: with photocoagulation and without photocoagulation. For these two groups, the dry eye scores were 4.71 +/- 1.14 and 3.26 +/- 1.15, respectively (P < 0.01); the BUT were (2.93 +/- 2.06) s and (6.26 +/- 4.36) s, respectively (P < 0.01); the SIt were (7.21 +/- 6.51) mm and (11.33 +/- 6.73) mm, respectively (P < 0.05); the rates of corneal fluorescein staining were 50.0% and 17.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). Dry eye score had a good correlation with diabetic retinopathy and photocoagulation (P < 0.01), but was poorly correlaed with age, gender, insulin, duration of diabetes mellitus, and metabolic control (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPatients with type 2 diabetes tend to develop tear film dysfunction. The disorders of tear film quantity and quality seem relevant to the stage of diabetic retinopathy and photocoagulation.

Adult ; Aged ; Cornea ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; complications ; physiopathology ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tears ; secretion

Objective To investigate the effect of cnrcumin on the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in glioma C6 cell line. Methods Glioma C6 cells were allocated into the control group and 3 cttrcnmin treatment groups with curcumin treatment at 10, 20 and 30 μmol/L for 24 h. After the treatments, PTTG mRNA and protein expressions in the cells were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results The expression levels of PTTG mRNA in the 4 groups, showed significant differences between any two groups (P<0.01). Significant differences were also found in PTTG protein expressions between the 4 groups of C6 cells after the treatment (P<0.01). Conclusions Cureumin can down-regulate PTTG expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in glioma C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether RhoA/Rho-kinase contributes to the occurrence of chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPSP) by up regulation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression in the spinal dorsal cord.

METHODSTwenty five male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group (n=5) and model group (n=20). The rats in the model group were randomized into two sub groups (n=10) for observation on day 10 and day 21 after thoracotomy, and each group was further divided into CPSP and non CPSP groups according to the behavioral test results. All the rats were sacrificed after behavioral test for examination of GLS1 and RhoA expressions in the spinal cord using Western blotting and RT PCR. We also compared the effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil and saline, both injected intraperitoneally daily at 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days following thoracotomy, on CPSP and GLS1 expression in 30 male SD rats on day 21 after thoracotomy.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the rats with CPSP showed significantly increased expressions of GLS1 and RhoA mRNA in the spinal cord on both day 10 and day 21 following thoracotomy (P<0.01), but the rats without CPSP did not show obvious changes in GLS1 and RhoA expressions. In fasudil treated rats, the mechanical pain threshold was obviously increased and the expressions of GLS1 and RhoA were significantly reduced as compared with those in saline treated rats (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRhoA plays an important role in the occurence of CPSP by up-regulating the expression of GLS1 in the spinal dorsal cord of rats.

BACKGROUNDLiver injury is one of the most important adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy, leading to therapy changing or discontinuation. Data on liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy are limited in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients receiving non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy in China.

METHODSSeventy-five patients on antiretroviral therapy containing non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (with liver injury, n = 45) and group 2 (without liver injury, n = 30). The features of liver injury were analyzed. The sex, age, baseline CD4 counts, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, hepatotoxic drug use and nevirapine or efavirenz use were compared between two groups.

RESULTSForty-five patients (60.0%), 31 (68.9%) males and 14 (31.1%) females, aged 12 to 52 years (averaged (39 ± 9) years), experienced at least one episode of liver injury. Forty (53.3%) patients were co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, 42 (56%) patients had concomitant use of antituberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole, 46 (61.3%) and 29 (38.7%) patients received regimen containing nevirapine and efavirenz, respectively. Grade 1 liver injuries were observed in 26 (57.8%) patients, grade 2 in 16 (35.6%), grade 3 in 2 (4.0%) and grade 4 in 1 (2.2%). Three (6.7%) patients discontinued highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to liver injury. In group 1, there were 29 (64.4%) patients co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, 32 (71.1%) patients received regimen containing nevirapine, and 30 (66.7%) patients had concomitant use of anti-tuberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole, respectively, significantly higher than those in group 2 (11 (36.7%), 14 (46.7%) and 12 (40%), respectively; P = 0.018, 0.033, 0.023, respectively). The sex, age, baseline CD4 counts and disease stage were not factors associated with liver injury.

CONCLUSIONSLiver injury associated with HAART containing non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors was mild to moderate and those who were co-infected with HBV and/or HCV, had concomitant use of antituberculosis drugs or cotrimoxazole and received a regimen containing nevirapine were prone to liver injury while receiving HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; adverse effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevirapine ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) changes post acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSThe serum BNP level was determined in 230 consecutive patients with AMI admitted to CCU and in 111 normal cases from October 2002 to October 2003 in Fuwai Hospital. The 230 AMI patients were further divided into various subgroups according to first or recurrent AMI, ST elevations myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST elevations myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group, infarction location, coronary arteries involved, infarction related arteries (IRA), TIMI blood flow of IRA and primary PCI or not. Serum BNP, CK-MB, TnT and heart function were analyzed.

RESULTSThe serum BNP level was significantly increased in patients with AMI (553.7 +/- 735.1) ng/L than that in normal subjects [(26.4 +/- 27.4) ng/L, P < 0.05]. LVEF was significantly lower, and LVEDd, BNP and LnBNP were all significantly higher in the first time AMI group compared to recurrent AMI group (all P < 0.001). The BNP level were significantly higher in AMI patients with single or triple coronary arteries stenosis than those without coronary stenosis (P < 0.05), in TIMI blood flow 0 - 1 and 2 groups than in TIMI 3 group (all P < 0.001). The CK-MB and TnT were significantly increased while BNP significantly decreased in the patients underwent primary PCI group compared with patients did not receive PCI therapy (all P < 0.05 - 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSerum BNP was significantly elevated in patients after AMI but decreased after successful primary PCI in patients with AMI.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; therapy ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Troponin I ; blood ; Troponin T ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of autoantibodies against alpha(-) adrenergic receptor on cardiac remodeling in patients with hypertension.

METHODSFive hundred and fifty three patients with hypertension in our hospital were selected. The autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor in sera of donor were detected by ELISA, and the results of echocardiography were recorded. By multiple logistic regressions, the risk factors were analyzed on left ventricular enlargement of hypertension.

RESULTSThe percentage of autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor positive was 32.3% (179/553). There were significant difference between the positive group and negative group on the ratio of left atrial enlargement (53.6%, 44.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and left ventricular enlargement (12.8%, 6.1%, respectively; P < 0.01). The result of regression analysis demonstrated that 4 risk factors were related to left ventricular enlargement, including male, course of disease, heart rate (HR) and autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor in the serum (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic receptor have a relationship with left ventricular enlargement of hypertension. Patients with the activity of autoantibodies against alpha(1) adrenergic might contribute to predict cardiac remodeling.

Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 ; immunology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; immunology

Objectives: To analyze the variations of demography, risk factors and triggering factors in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Beijing area over recent 40 years from 1970s to 2010s. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: 1970s group, 1314 patients from Beijing collaborative group of coronary artery disease prevention and treatment from 1972-01 to 1973-12; 2010s group, 2200 patients from China AMI registry in Beijing area from 2013-01-01 to 2014-09-30. Demographic characteristics including gender, age, farmer proportion, risk factors and triggering factors for AMI occurrence were compared between 2 groups. Results: Compared with 1970s group, 2010s group had more patients>70 years of age (15.8% vs 25.6%, P<0.001), more with male gender (68.3% vs 75.6%, P<0.001) and the higher farmer proportion (6.5% vs 14.5%, P<0.001); 2010s group showed more patients with previous histories of stroke (6.2% vs 10.5%), MI (9.5% vs 11.9%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (6.2% vs 27.6%), all P<0.05; 2010s group presented that less patients were triggered by mental stress (51.1% vs 15.2%, P<0.001), while more were induced by physical stress (40.0% vs 61.1%, P=0.007). Conclusions: There were significant changes in recent 40 years for AMI patients in terms of age, gender, farmer proportion, previous histories of stroke, MI and DM; it appeared as aging, androphany and ruralized trends. Physical stress and unhealthy lifestyle were the major triggering factors for AMI occurrence nowadays, more specific efforts should be conducted for heart disease prevention and education.

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of icariin (ICA) on the cognitive impairment induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice and the underlying mechanisms related to changes in hippocampal acetylation level.

METHODSThe modifified free-fall method was used to establish the TBI mouse model. Mice with post-TBI cognitive impairment were randomly divided into 3 groups using the randomised block method (n=7): TBI (vehicle-treated), low-dose (75 mg/kg) and high-dose (150 mg/kg) of ICA groups. An additional sham-operated group (vehicle-treated) was employed. The vehicle or ICA was administrated by gavage for 28 consecutive days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted. Acetylcholine (ACh) content, mRNA and protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and protein levels of acetylated H3 (Ac-H3) and Ac-H4 were detected in the hippocampus.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operated group, the MWM performance, hippocampal ACh content, mRNA and protein levels of ChAT, and protein levels of Ac-H3 and Ac-H4 were signifificantly decreased in the TBI group (P<0.05). High-dose of ICA signifificantly ameliorated the TBI-induced weak MWM performance, increased hippocampal ACh content, and mRNA and protein levels of ChAT, as well as Ac-H3 protein level compared with the TBI group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONICA improved post-TBI cognitive impairment in mice by enhancing hippocampal acetylation, which improved hippocampal cholinergic function and ultimately improved cognition.

Acetylation ; Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; complications ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Histones ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological features of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: Clinical data of 31 patients with non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy who had undergone nerve biopsy during December 2004 and December 2010 in Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome differentiation and signs, 26 patients were blood stasis type and 5 patients were non-blood stasis type. Clinical and pathological data were compared in detail. RESULTS: Clinically, although both groups shared similar symptoms of limb numbness, weakness and sensory disturbances, the prevalence of neuralgia was much grievous in BSS group (73.1%, 26/31) compared with the non-BSS group (0%, 0/5). As for signs, dermal nutrients disturbance (84.6%, 22/26), dark or purple tongue (100.0%, 26/26), and sublingual varices (80.7%, 21/26) were more common in the BSS group than the non-BSS group (0%, 60%, 20%, respectively). The prevalence of qi deficiency cases (19/26) in the BSS group was significantly higher compared with the non-BSS group (1/5). The unique histological manifestations of BSS were axonal degeneration (16/26 vs 2/5 in non-BSS group), which was the hallmark of ischemia. Cases with BSS had prominent microangiopathy (61.5%, 16/26), manifested as epineurium vasculitis (inflammatory cell infiltrated to the vessel wall, obliteration and recanalization, vascular proliferation, extravascular hemosiderin deposition), angiotelectasis, proliferation and hyaline degeneration of endoneurium capillary. In the BSS group, impaired blood-nerve barrier was indicated by sub-perineurial edema (46.2%, 11/26) and endoneurial edema (15.4%, 4/26). The Renaut body (15.4%, 4/26) and amyloid deposition (3.8%, 1/26) found in the BSS group were absent in the non-BSS group. CONCLUSIONS BBS was common in non-diabetic peripheral neuropathies. The nerves exhibited ischemic alteration of primary axon degeneration and secondary demyelination. The interstitial tissue revealed microcirculation impairment, blood-nerve barrier disturbance, amyloid deposition and proliferation changes. The high prevalence of qi deficiency also highlights the therapy of promotion of blood circulation and removal of blood stasis.