BACKGROUND: Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel biomarker of central lipid accumulation related to risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we assessed the association of LAP with glucose homeostasis, lipid and lipid peroxidation, and subclinical systemic inflammation in diabetic patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine male and 47 female type 2 diabetic patients were assessed for anthropometrics and biochemical measurements. LAP was calculated as [waist circumference (cm)-65]x[triglycerides (mmol/L)] in men, and [waist circumference (cm)-58]x[triglycerides (mmol/L)] in women. Associations of LAP with fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, lipid and lipoprotein levels, malondialdehyde, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. RESULTS: Mean age and LAP index were 53.6+/-9.6 and 51.9+/-31.2 years, respectively. After adjustments for age, sex and body mass index status, a significant positive correlation was observed between LAP index and fasting glucose (r=0.39, P<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.31, P<0.05). After additional adjustment for fasting glucose levels, antidiabetic and antilipidemic drugs, the LAP index was also correlated to total cholesterol (r=0.45, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r=-0.29, P<0.05), triglycerides to HDL-C ratio (r=0.89, P<0.001), malondialdehyde (r=0.65, P<0.001), and hs-CRP levels (r=0.27, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher central lipid accumulation in diabetic patients was related to higher insulin resistance, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.
Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance* ; Lipid Accumulation Product* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative Stress ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: In this study we investigated the associations of dietary acid-base load, identified by potential renal acid load (PRAL) and protein to potassium (Pro:K) ratio, with cardiometabolic risk factors in Tehranian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2009 to 2011) on 5,620 men and women aged 19 to 70 years. Dietary data were collected by a trained dietitian using a validated, 147-food item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary PRAL and Pro:K ratio were calculated. Multiple linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounding variables were used to evaluate the associations of dietary acid-base load with anthropometric measures, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum creatinine, and fasting blood glucose. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD age of the participants was 39.8+/-12.8 years and 54% of participants were women. Mean+/-SD PRAL was -22.0+/-29.1; mean PRAL was -15.6 in men and -26.8 in women. Dietary PRAL was associated with weight (beta=0.098, P<0.001), waist circumference (beta=0.062, P<0.01), serum triglycerides (beta=0.143, P<0.01), HDL-C (beta=-0.11, P<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (beta=0.062, P<0.01), and serum creatinine (beta=0.142, P<0.001). Pro:K ratio was associated with weight (beta=0.055, P<0.001), waist circumference (beta=0.04, P<0.01), serum HDL-C (beta=-0.06, P<0.01), serum triglycerides (beta=0.03, P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (beta=0.026, P<0.05), and serum creatinine (beta=0.07, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: A more acidic dietary acid-base load may be a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders.
Adult* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Nutritionists ; Potassium ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of multiple metabolic abnormalities, is one of the major public health challenges worldwide. The current study was conducted to evaluate the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and MetS and its components in Iranian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,852 men and women, aged 19 to 70 years, who participated in the fourth phase (2009 to 2011) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometrics, biochemical measurements, and blood pressure (BP) were assessed and MetS was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Frequency and quantity of SSB intakes including carbonated drinks and synthetic fruit juices were collected using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age of participants (43%, men) was 40.6+/-12.9 years. Significant positive associations between SSBs and waist circumference, triglyceride level, systolic and diastolic BP in the third and fourth quartile of SSBs were observed, after adjustment for all potential confounding variables. The odds of MetS in the third and fourth quartiles compared to the first quartile category of SSBs was 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.45) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.58), respectively (P for trend=0.03). The odds of MetS, abdominal obesity, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated BP had increasing trends across increasing of SSB consumption (P for trend <0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher intake of SSBs was associated with the higher odds of MetS in adults. It is suggested that reducing consumption of SSBs could be a practical approach to prevent metabolic abnormalities.
Adult* ; Beverages* ; Blood Pressure ; Carbonated Beverages ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Education ; Female ; Fruit ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Public Health ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent gastric inflammation have been proposed as risk factors for the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. In this study we assessed the possible association of H. pylori bacterial load, and serum biomarker of gastric inflammation with cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetic patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 84 H. pylori-infected type 2 diabetic patients were assessed for anthropometrics, biochemical and clinical measurements. Pearson correlation test, linear, and logarithmic regression curve estimation models were used to assess the association of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) levels, and pepsinogen I (PGI) to pepsinogen II (PGII) ratio with fasting serum glucose, insulin, serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters, malondialdehyde, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 54+/-10 years, and 44% were men. Mean HpSAg levels and PGI/PGII ratio were 0.24+/-0.23 microg/mL and 9.9+/-9.0, respectively. Higher HpSAg as well as lower PGI/PGII was correlated with higher anthropometric measures and LAP. A significant negative correlation between PGI/PGII ratio and blood pressure (r=-0.21 and r=-0.22, systolic and diastolic, respectively, P<0.05), serum insulin (r=-0.17, P=0.05), and hs-CRP (r=-0.17, P=0.05) was observed. A significant linear association between PGI/PGII ratio with serum triglycerides (beta=-0.24, P<0.05), serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; beta=0.43, P<0.01), and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio (beta=-0.28, P<0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION: Higher H. pylori bacterial load and lower PGI/PGII ratio was associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in H. pylori infected type 2 diabetic patients.
Bacterial Load ; Biomarkers* ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Accumulation Product ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Pepsinogen A ; Pepsinogen C ; Pepsinogens ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference