AIM: To repair the articular cartilage defects with the non-cartilage derived plant cells induced from allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in microgravity dynamic culture system of three-dimensional (3D) Pluronic F-127. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from June 2005 to March 2006. ①Twenty-seven two-month New Zealand rabbits were selected, of which 3 were used as the donors of mesenchymal stem cells, and the left rabbits were randomly divided into induced cell and Pluronic group, pluronic group and control group with 8 rabbits (16 knees) in each group. Pluronic F-127 (Sigma Company, No. P2443) was white power with no odour, and its water solution was liquidness at 4 ℃, and solid gelatum at 37 ℃. ②After the rabbits were anesthetized, the bone marrow was taken from superior extremity of tibia to isolate and culture the MSCs; the 3rd passage cells were used in the experiment. ③The MSCs were collected and centrifuged, then divided into four groups with different inducing conditions: 3D dynamic culture group: The cells were washed with 10 g/L algin solution and renewed to suspend cells with density of 5?1010 L-1; 200 mmol/L calcium chloride solution was dropped into and calcium alginate gelatum microballoons formed immediately, and the cells were floated and fixed in the microballoons. Five minutes later, the gelatum microballoons were dislodged and put in Revolve Cell Culture System (RCCS) for dynamic culture under microgravity. 2D dynamic culture group: The cells were given inoculation directly in RCCS for dynamic culture under microgravity. 3D static culture group: The cells in the calcium alginate gelatum were inoculated directly in a culture flask for static culture. 2D static culture group: The cells were inoculated directly in a plane culture flask for static culture. Each group was cultured for 2 weeks, following by slices preparation and toluidine orchid dyeing, collogenⅠ, Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining. Citrate sodium solution was adopted to dissolve the calcium alginate gelatum microballoons to determine the collogen and proteoglycan contents of the four groups. ④The models of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage were prepared. Induced cells and Pluronic group: The best induced MSCs compounded with 25% Pluronic F-127 were mixed at 4℃ and suspended, until the final concentration of MSCs was 5?1010 L-1, which poured into the articular cartilage defects. Pluronic group: 25% Pluronic F-127 was poured into the articular cartilage defects. The articular cartilage defects of the control group were not given any treatment. The animals of each group were killed at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks to observe the repair effect of the defects grossly and microscopically. Meanwhile, the histological examinations were performed.RESULTS: All 24 animals entered the result analysis. ①The results of culture and examination of MSCs: Algin contacted Ca2+ formed quickly transparent gelatum microballoons, which was lustered; the cells in the microballoons were globular, with clear nucleoles, and the stereochemical structure was similar with normal chondrocyte. Toluidine blue dyeing was positive, and expressed collagen Ⅱ but no collagenⅠwas found. ②Expressions of cell biochemical indicator of the four groups under different inducing conditions: Collagen Ⅱ and proteoglycan production of the 3D and 2D dynamic culture groups were higher than the two static culture groups, and the 3D dynamic culture group was the best (0.078?0.002), (0.048?0.002), (0.035?0.001) A, P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of recruitment maneuver (RM) imposing on extravascular lung water (EVLW) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Twenty patients with ARDS who were eligible for the study were randomized to two groups, one group of which received regular therapy+RM (RM group), and to the other group only regular therapy was given (control group). Mechanical ventilation of all the patients was performed on the principles of lung protective ventilation. RM was carried out in bi-level positive airway passage (BIPAP) mode, and repeated every 8 hours per day until on the 7th day or before weaning of mechanical ventilation. The treatment was same between the two groups except RM. Baseline data and the influencing factors of EVLW were all recorded, which included everyday EVLW, extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) after RM, respiratory mechanics, oxygenation parameters, central venous pressure (CVP), plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP), dosage of corticosteroid and adrenergic drugs, 24-hour net fluid balance. RESULTS: EVLW and EVLWI in RM and control group showed a tendency of decrease with passage of time, but the difference between both groups had no statistical significance (all P>0.05). The comparisons between the influencing factors of the groups, consisting of CVP, COP, noradrenalin and hydrocortisone, had no significant difference either (all P>0.05). Dopamine dosage in RM group on the 4th day was smaller than that of control group (P<0.05). Net fluid balance in RM group on the 7th day was negative, whereas it was positive in control group (P<0.05). Mean airway pressure [Pmean, RM group (18.8+/-3.2) cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) vs. control group (16.6+/-3.9) cm H(2)O] and lung quasi-static compliance [Cstat, RM group (36.5+/-14.5) ml/cm H(2)O vs. control group (29.3+/-12.0) ml/cm H(2)O] in RM group were higher than those in control group (both P<0.05). Cstat on the 5th day was higher than that on the 2nd and 3rd day in RM group (both P<0.05). But oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) showed no distinct difference between the groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: RM for the patients with ARDS can merely improve lung mechanics without obvious effect on EVLW. Neither of the influencing factors involved in the study has impact on emergence and clearance of EVLW.

Early-onset epilepsy is a neurological abnormality in childhood, and it is especially common in the first 2 years after birth. Seizures in early life mostly result from structural or metabolic disorders in the brain, and the genetic causes of idiopathic seizures have been extensively investigated. In this study, we identified four missense mutations in the SETD1A gene (SET domain-containing 1A, histone lysine methyltransferase): three de novo mutations in three individuals and one inherited mutation in a four-generation family. Whole-exome sequencing indicated that all four of these mutations were responsible for the seizures. Mutations of SETD1A have been implicated in schizophrenia and developmental disorders, so we examined the role of the four mutations (R913C, Q269R, G1369R, and R1392H) in neural development. We found that their expression in mouse primary cortical neurons affected excitatory synapse development. Moreover, expression of the R913C mutation also affected the migration of cortical neurons in the mouse brain. We further identified two common genes (Neurl4 and Usp39) affected by mutations of SETD1A. These results suggested that the mutations of SETD1A play a fundamental role in abnormal synaptic function and the development of neurons, so they may be pathogenic factors for neurodevelopmental disorders.