Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the personality types of middle school students and its association with life satisfaction,and to provide a reference for improving personality and mental health of middle school students. Methods: A total of 1 409 students randomly selected form 4 middle schools of a rural area in Wuhan city by cluster stratified sampling method were taken as the object of the research. Adolescents completed the Chinese version of NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify personality types. ANOVA analyses were used to explore the associations between personality types and life satisfaction. Results: Three profiles were identified: resilient (5.32%), overcontrolled (32.86%) and undercontrolled (61.82%),the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.05). Resilient adolescents had the highest scores (M=5.10, SD=1.34) whereas undercontrolled had the lowest scores (M=3.66, SD=1.09) on life satisfaction. Conclusion Schools, families and society should pay attention to the high proportion of overcontrolled and undercontrolled in middle school students and take actions to promote the positive development of personality and mental health.