Abstract: Objective　To understand the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in clinical blood culture specimens in Ningxia in recent years, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection diseases. 　　　Methods　The blood culture isolation bacteria and drug resistance of Ningxia bacterial resistance monitoring network hospitals from 2018 to 2020 were statistically analyzed by WHONET5.6 software. Results　In the past three years, a total of 6 757 strains of bacteria were isolated from blood samples, including 3 697 strains (54.7%) of gram-negative bacteria and 3 060 (45.3%) of gram-positive bacteria. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (2 074 strains,30.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (696 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (139 strains), and Acinetobacter baumannii (121 strains). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (1 691 strains,25.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (442 strains), Streptococcus spp. (431 strains), Enterococcus spp. (379 strains). Resistance to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 56.6% and 22.6% against third-generation cephalosporins, and resistance to carbapenems was 1.0% and 3.7%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to carbapenems at 9.0%（12/139） and 80.7%（71/121）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at 26.8%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected at 70%, and no Staphylococcus bacteria resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. For three years, only 1 strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected, and no linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were detected. Conclusions　Ningxia clinical blood specimen isolates of Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are more common. Among them, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the third generation of cephalosporins is relatively stable, and the resistance rate to carbapenems is low. Acinetobacter baumannii is highly resistant to carbapenems, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection rates are on the rise and should be closely monitored.

Objective ， To investigate the role of serum chemokines and oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in occupational （ silicosis） Methods silicosis hereinafter referred to as . A total of 58 patients with stage Ⅰ silicosis were selected as the - （ ）， research subjects using convenient sampling method. The serum levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 -（ - ） - （ - - ） - heme oxygenase 1 HO 1 and 8 isoprstaglandin F2α 8 iso PGF2α were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. （ ） （ - ） The serum levels of lipid peroxide LPO and total antioxidant capacity TAOC were determined by chemistry colorimetric method. - - （ - ）， Luminex flow fluorescence technology was used to detect the serum levels of interferon γ inducible protein10 IP10 macrophage （ ）- ， - - （ ） inflammatory protein MIP 1α MIP1β and macrophagederived chemokine MDC . The above indicators were analyzed by factor Results - analysis. The information extraction rate of the original indicators of the nine biomarkers was 58.5%96.5%. Four common ， ， （ ） ， factors were extracted including Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway helper T cell Th 1 dominant chemotaxis the total ， ， ， ， ， oxidation/antioxidant balance and Th2 dominant chemotaxis whose variance contribution rates were 32.2% 19.1% 16.4% ， ， Conclusion - and 11.8% respectively and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.5%. Both the oxidant antioxidant ， disturbance and the dominance chemotaxis are involved in the occurrence and development of silicosis and the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway plays the most critical role.

OBJECTIVETo research the principle of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

METHODA rat intestinal model in vitro had been applied to investigate the absorption and transport characteristics of total huanglian alkali across intestinal mucosa, as well as the influence of match-pair of huanglian-rougui on its intestinal absorption. The identification of alkalis in primitive solution, serosal solution and intestinal homogenate were analyzed by TLC.

RESULTThe transport and uptake characteristic of total alkali in huanglian solution was similar to berberine. The uptake and transport of total alkali across intestinal mucosa was concentration-and time-dependent. Transport directions had strong effects on the transport of total alkali. The amount of total alkali transport from serosal side to mucosal side was much more than that from mucosal side to serosal side. After matching with rougui as some ration, the intestinal absorption of total alkali increased significantly comparing with huanglian alone, and there was an optimal ration among match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

CONCLUSIONChemical reaction in vitro and intestinal absorption were the key factors of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Five H9N2 avian influenza virus strains were isolated from the environmental samples in live poultry market in Qinghai Lake region from July to September, 2012. To evaluate the phylogenetic characteristics of these H9N2 isolates, the eight gene segments were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of the five strains were analyzed. The results showed that the HA genes of five strains shared 93. 2%-99. 1% nucleotide identities with each other, and the NA genes shared 94. 5%-99. 8% nucleotide identities. The HA cleavage site sequence of the A/environment/qinghai/ 017/2012 isolate was PSKSSRGLF, and the HA cleavage site sequences of the other four strains were all PSRSSRGLF. The HA receptor-binding site had the Q226L mutation. The M1 gene segment had the N30D and T215A mutations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the five strains were similar to the virus A/chicken/Hunan/5260/2005 (H9N2) isolated in Hunan Province, China and were reassortant genotype viruses; the HA, NA, and NS genes belonged to the Y280-like lineage; the MP gene belonged to the G1-like lineage; the NP, PB1, PB2, and PA genes belonged to the F98-like lineage.
Animals ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyse the correlation between the virus isolation and the specimen collection of the H5N1 human high pathogenic avain influenza cases in Mainland China.

METHODSThe specimens were collected in Mainland China from 2005.10 to 2009.3 and the H5N1 viruses were isolated by passage in embryonated chicken eggs.

RESULTSMost specimens were obtained within 14 days after disease onset. For the specimens collected within 7 days, the isolation rate was relatively high and the difference of the positive rate between different years was lower than those specimens collected after 7 days. Most of the samples in our study were collected from the upper or lower respiratory tract with few from blood, feces, et al. The isolation rate of lower respiratory specimens was higher and the difference of the positive rate between different years was relatively lower than those from upper respiratory specimens.

CONCLUSIONWe suggest that the samples should be collected from lower respiratory tract during the acute phase to get the higher isolation rate.

Animals ; Chick Embryo ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Respiratory System ; virology

OBJECTIVETo conduct a full genome sequence analysis for genetic characterization of an H3N8 influenza virus isolated from drinking water of a domestic duck farm in Poyang Lake area in 2011.

METHODSThe virus was cultivated by specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryo eggs and was subtyped into hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) by real-time PCR method. Eight gene segments were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted.

RESULTSThe NA gene of this virus belongs to North American lineage; other seven genes belong to Eurasian lineage. Compared with the viruses containing NA gene, the PB2 and PB1 gene came from different clades. And this indicates that the virus was a novel reassortant genotype. The HA receptor binding preference was avian-like and the cleavage site sequence showed a low pathogenic feature. There was no drug resistance mutation of M2 protein. The mutations of Asn30Asp, and Thr215Ala of the M1 protein implied the potential of pathogenicity increase in mice.

CONCLUSIONThe finding of novel genotype of H3N8 virus in drinking water in this duck farm near Poyang Lake highlighted the importance of strengthening the surveillance of avian influenza in this region, which could contribute to pinpointing the influenza ecological relations among avian, swine, and human.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Drinking Water ; Ducks ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Lakes ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants ; isolation & purification

The analysis of Forsythia suspensa was performed on Waters Symmetry C₁₈ column( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) and mobile phase was methanol( A)-0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution( B) with the elution gradient. Column temperature was maintained at 30℃,and the flow rate was 1. 0 m L·min^-1 with detection wavelength 265 nm. The HPLC-PDA fingerprint of F. suspensa was optimized.Chemical constituents in F. suspensa were analyzed by UFLC-Q-TOF-MS in positive and negative ion mode. The quality of 48 batches of F. suspensa from different habitats,processing methods and specifications was evaluated by similarity evaluation and cluster analysis.The 18 common peaks were confirmed. The similarity of F. suspensa from different habitats was more than 0. 98,and 56 chemical constituents were identified. Different processing methods had great influence on the quality of F. suspensa. Compared with boiled and direct drying,the quality of F. suspensa processed by sun-drying was obviously decreased. The similarity was about 0. 58. Different specifications of F. suspensa also had obvious distinction,and the similarity was about 0. 78. The effective components of grown F. suspensa,such as forsythoside A and phillyrin,were significantly reduced. The results of cluster analysis were basically consistent with the results of similarity evaluation. The establishment of fingerprint and the recognition of chemical pattern of F. suspensa can provide a more comprehensive reference for the quality control of herbs.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Forsythia/chemistry* ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo detect atypical BCR/ABL mRNA transcript by real-time quantitative PCR in CML patients without e13a2/e14a2,e19a2 or e1a2 transcripts, and investigate its value of clinical application.

METHODSTwelve cases of CML with positive for t(9;22) translocation, but negative for common major and minor breakpoint cluster regions comfirmed by chromosome karyotyping or FISH analysis, were collected from July 2012 to December 2015. These 12 cases were then detected for b2a3(e13a3), b3a3(e14a3), e6a2, e8a2 and e1a3 fusion variants by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSAmong 12 cases 4 variant transcripts were detected, including e1a3 in 1 case (8.33%), e8a2 in 2 cases (16.67%), b2a3 in 5 cases (41.67%) and b3a3 in 4 cases (33.33%), with total positivity of 100%, moreover b2a3 and b3a3 were predominant.

CONCLUSIONThe detecting atypical BCR/ABL mRNA transcripts by real-time quantitative PCR is suitable for the diagnosis of CML negative for P210, P190 and P230 by standard real-time PCR test, and this detection is still the standard and economic method for monitoring minimal residual disease in CML patients with variants of BCR/ABL fusion gene.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.

The value of the "touching-bone" acupuncture technique in clinical application was explained through the investigation on the origin of the theory of the "touching-bone" acupuncture technique, the analysis on the characteristics of acupoint selection, the introduction of clinical characteristics and the discussion on the mechanism of acupuncture in treatment. The "touching-bone" acupuncture technique refers to deep needling method, originated from the short needling and needling of the ancient needling methodslisted in the . The target points are the reaction sites on meridian near to bone and the attachments of soft tissues on bone. During the needle insertion, the needle tip is thrust deeply to the bone or the needle body is closely attached to the bone so as to stimulate periosteum specifically. This needling technique contributes to the satisfactory effect on spasmodic, deep-located and intractable pain disorder, motor system diseases, mental diseases and cerebral diseases, etc. Hence, this acupuncture technique deserves to be promoted in clinical application and explored in research.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Meridians ; Needles