Abstract: Objective　To understand the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in clinical blood culture specimens in Ningxia in recent years, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bloodstream infection diseases. 　　　Methods　The blood culture isolation bacteria and drug resistance of Ningxia bacterial resistance monitoring network hospitals from 2018 to 2020 were statistically analyzed by WHONET5.6 software. Results　In the past three years, a total of 6 757 strains of bacteria were isolated from blood samples, including 3 697 strains (54.7%) of gram-negative bacteria and 3 060 (45.3%) of gram-positive bacteria. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (2 074 strains,30.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (696 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (139 strains), and Acinetobacter baumannii (121 strains). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (1 691 strains,25.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (442 strains), Streptococcus spp. (431 strains), Enterococcus spp. (379 strains). Resistance to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 56.6% and 22.6% against third-generation cephalosporins, and resistance to carbapenems was 1.0% and 3.7%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to carbapenems at 9.0%（12/139） and 80.7%（71/121）. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected at 26.8%, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected at 70%, and no Staphylococcus bacteria resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. For three years, only 1 strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was detected, and no linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were detected. Conclusions　Ningxia clinical blood specimen isolates of Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are more common. Among them, the resistance rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the third generation of cephalosporins is relatively stable, and the resistance rate to carbapenems is low. Acinetobacter baumannii is highly resistant to carbapenems, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection rates are on the rise and should be closely monitored.

Objective ， To investigate the role of serum chemokines and oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in occupational （ silicosis） Methods silicosis hereinafter referred to as . A total of 58 patients with stage Ⅰ silicosis were selected as the - （ ）， research subjects using convenient sampling method. The serum levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 -（ - ） - （ - - ） - heme oxygenase 1 HO 1 and 8 isoprstaglandin F2α 8 iso PGF2α were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. （ ） （ - ） The serum levels of lipid peroxide LPO and total antioxidant capacity TAOC were determined by chemistry colorimetric method. - - （ - ）， Luminex flow fluorescence technology was used to detect the serum levels of interferon γ inducible protein10 IP10 macrophage （ ）- ， - - （ ） inflammatory protein MIP 1α MIP1β and macrophagederived chemokine MDC . The above indicators were analyzed by factor Results - analysis. The information extraction rate of the original indicators of the nine biomarkers was 58.5%96.5%. Four common ， ， （ ） ， factors were extracted including Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway helper T cell Th 1 dominant chemotaxis the total ， ， ， ， ， oxidation/antioxidant balance and Th2 dominant chemotaxis whose variance contribution rates were 32.2% 19.1% 16.4% ， ， Conclusion - and 11.8% respectively and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.5%. Both the oxidant antioxidant ， disturbance and the dominance chemotaxis are involved in the occurrence and development of silicosis and the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway plays the most critical role.

OBJECTIVETo research the principle of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

METHODA rat intestinal model in vitro had been applied to investigate the absorption and transport characteristics of total huanglian alkali across intestinal mucosa, as well as the influence of match-pair of huanglian-rougui on its intestinal absorption. The identification of alkalis in primitive solution, serosal solution and intestinal homogenate were analyzed by TLC.

RESULTThe transport and uptake characteristic of total alkali in huanglian solution was similar to berberine. The uptake and transport of total alkali across intestinal mucosa was concentration-and time-dependent. Transport directions had strong effects on the transport of total alkali. The amount of total alkali transport from serosal side to mucosal side was much more than that from mucosal side to serosal side. After matching with rougui as some ration, the intestinal absorption of total alkali increased significantly comparing with huanglian alone, and there was an optimal ration among match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

CONCLUSIONChemical reaction in vitro and intestinal absorption were the key factors of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the present situation of occupational stress and to compare occupational stress among nurses of different years of work experience. Methods 234 subjects were enrolled by using convenience sampling method. Research instruments used in this study were demographic questionnaire and the Nurse Working Pressure Test Table. SPSS version 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results The level of the overall occupational stress among nurses was moderate. The five subscales of occupational stress in descending order were workload and time management, professional and career issues, caring for and interaction with patients, problems with resource and working environment, interpersonal relationships and management issues. There was no significant difference of occupational stress by subscales among nurses of different years of work experience (P ＞ 0.05) while there was significant difference of the overall occupational stress level (P <0. 01). Conclusions Years of work experience affect overall occupational stress of nurses. Nursing managers should pay more attention to satisfaction of nurses and improve their mental health so as to increase their work initiative and level of nursing service.

Objective To investigate the present situation of nurses'co-affection ability and to analyze the impacting factors.Nursing Administrators may use the findings of this study as a guideline for developing effective strategies.Methods 439 nurses from 9 hospitals of Harbin were obtained by using convenience sampling method.Use demographic questionnaire and the Chinese version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals to find what the situation is.Results There are significant differences on Empathy scores between different hospitals and educational backgrounds(P<0.05);no differences were found between ages,job titles,years ofwork experience and marital status(P>0.05).Conclusions Some factors affect nurses'co-affection ability.Administrators should give target-oriented management to nurses,alleviate nurse's co-affection ability level.

Obej ctiev To analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.Methods CT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.Results A total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules.All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone beneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the border of lesions to the hepatic capsule.28 of the 92 lesions showed the“capsular retraction” sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI .77.8%of the 36 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image, while 91.7%after contrast enhancement.A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7%of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image.In addition, 36.1%of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase.In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign.Conclusions Hepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with “halo” sign and “capsular retraction”.The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor.MRI is superior to CT imaging to depict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Obej ctiev To analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.Methods CT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.Results A total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules.All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone beneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the border of lesions to the hepatic capsule.28 of the 92 lesions showed the“capsular retraction” sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI .77.8%of the 36 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image, while 91.7%after contrast enhancement.A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7%of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image.In addition, 36.1%of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase.In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign.Conclusions Hepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with “halo” sign and “capsular retraction”.The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor.MRI is superior to CT imaging to depict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Five H9N2 avian influenza virus strains were isolated from the environmental samples in live poultry market in Qinghai Lake region from July to September, 2012. To evaluate the phylogenetic characteristics of these H9N2 isolates, the eight gene segments were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of the five strains were analyzed. The results showed that the HA genes of five strains shared 93. 2%-99. 1% nucleotide identities with each other, and the NA genes shared 94. 5%-99. 8% nucleotide identities. The HA cleavage site sequence of the A/environment/qinghai/ 017/2012 isolate was PSKSSRGLF, and the HA cleavage site sequences of the other four strains were all PSRSSRGLF. The HA receptor-binding site had the Q226L mutation. The M1 gene segment had the N30D and T215A mutations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the five strains were similar to the virus A/chicken/Hunan/5260/2005 (H9N2) isolated in Hunan Province, China and were reassortant genotype viruses; the HA, NA, and NS genes belonged to the Y280-like lineage; the MP gene belonged to the G1-like lineage; the NP, PB1, PB2, and PA genes belonged to the F98-like lineage.
Animals ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Objective To analyse the correlation between the virus isolation and the specimen collection of the H5N1 human hish pathogenic avain influenza cases in Mainland China.Methods The specimens were collected in Mainland China from 2005.10 to 2009.3 and the H5N1 viruses were isolated by passage in embryonated chicken eggs.Results Most specimens were obtained within 14 days after disease onset.For the specimens collected within 7 days,the isolation rate was relatively high and the difference of the positive rate between different years was lower than those specimens collected after 7 days.Most of the samples in our study were collected from the upper or lower respiratory tract with few from blood,feces,et al.The isolation rate of lower respiratory specimens was higher and the difference of the positive rate between different years was relatively lower than those from upper respiratory specimens.Conclusion We suggest that the samples should be collected from lower respiratory tract during the acute phase to get the higher isolation rate.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagno-sis of lymphoma and stromal tumor of the small intestine. Methods The clinical characteristics and ultrasound findings of 36 patients with small intestine lymphoma and 69 patients with small intestine stromal tumor confirmed pathologically in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results There were statistically significant differences in echotexture,presence of echoless area,intratumoral gas,and ultrasonographic pattern between small intestine lymphoma and small intestine stromal tumor( all P ﹤0. 001 ),whereas no statistically significant difference in clinical characteristics,lesion size,contour,or lobulated mass. On ultrasound,small intestine lymphoma mainly demonstrated as infiltrative or mass-forming type,with homogeneous echotexture without cystic necrotic area;while small intestine stromal tumor demonstrated as mass-forming type with heterogeneous echotexture and cystic necrotic area. Conclusions Lymphoma and stromal tumor of the small intestine both have some characteristic ultrasound features,the difference between which may help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these two conditions.