ObjectiveTo investigate the homogeneity of trace elements and oxygen isotope composition of the calcitum by in situ micro-region analysis. MethodsSamples of calcitum were collected from Lannigou in Zhenfeng county， Guizhou province（LNG-1， LNG-2）， Taipingdong（TPD） and Zimudang（ZMD） in Xingren county， Guizhou province， Getang in Anlong county， Guizhou province（GT）， Gaolong（GL） and Badu（BD） in Tianlin county， Guangxi province， and Mingshan in Lingyun county， Guangxi province（MS）. The surface scanning of Ca， Mn and Fe elements in the microregions of TPD samples was analyzed by X-ray energy spectrum surface scanning method（EDS）. Cathodoluminescence method（CL） was used to analyze the luminescence properties of the thin slices of calcitum samples. The content and distribution uniformity of Mn， Fe and rare earth elements in the in situ microregions of LNG-1， TPD， GL and BD samples， and the δ¹⁸O and the distribution uniformity in the in situ microregions of the thin slices of LNG-2， ZMD， GT and MS samples were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（LA-ICP-MS）. ResultsThe composition of elements and oxygen isotopes of calcitum from different origins were different. EDS analysis results showed that the Fe and Mn elements in calcitum had obvious girdle structure. The results of CL and LA-ICP-MS analysis showed that the cathode light in different regions of calcitum was red and varied in brightness， and the contents of Mn， Fe and rare earth elements were important factors affecting the brightness of the cathode light of calcitum. Regions with high content of Fe and low content of Mn had darker cathode light color， while regions with low content of Fe and high content of Mn had brighter cathode light color. When the total content of rare earth elements was>10 μg·g^-1， the brightness of the cathode light would be affected， and the higher the total content of the region， the brighter the cathode light color would be. Among the samples from different origins， the calcitum tested in MS area had the largest δ¹⁸O heterogeneity， and the δ¹⁸O difference ring band with micron level was formed. Meanwhile， the δ¹⁸O content was lower in the region with darker cathode light， on the contrary， the content was higher. ConclusionThe composition of Fe， Mn， rare earth elements and δ¹⁸O of calcitum is uneven and has obvious chemical compositional ring bands， among which the calcitum in Lannigou area has good quality because of its relatively uniform chemical composition and high content of Fe and Mn elements. This study can provide experimental basis for the formulation of quality standard of calcitum.

ObjectiveTo investigate the homogeneity of trace elements and oxygen isotope composition of the calcitum by in situ micro-region analysis. MethodsSamples of calcitum were collected from Lannigou in Zhenfeng county， Guizhou province（LNG-1， LNG-2）， Taipingdong（TPD） and Zimudang（ZMD） in Xingren county， Guizhou province， Getang in Anlong county， Guizhou province（GT）， Gaolong（GL） and Badu（BD） in Tianlin county， Guangxi province， and Mingshan in Lingyun county， Guangxi province（MS）. The surface scanning of Ca， Mn and Fe elements in the microregions of TPD samples was analyzed by X-ray energy spectrum surface scanning method（EDS）. Cathodoluminescence method（CL） was used to analyze the luminescence properties of the thin slices of calcitum samples. The content and distribution uniformity of Mn， Fe and rare earth elements in the in situ microregions of LNG-1， TPD， GL and BD samples， and the δ¹⁸O and the distribution uniformity in the in situ microregions of the thin slices of LNG-2， ZMD， GT and MS samples were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（LA-ICP-MS）. ResultsThe composition of elements and oxygen isotopes of calcitum from different origins were different. EDS analysis results showed that the Fe and Mn elements in calcitum had obvious girdle structure. The results of CL and LA-ICP-MS analysis showed that the cathode light in different regions of calcitum was red and varied in brightness， and the contents of Mn， Fe and rare earth elements were important factors affecting the brightness of the cathode light of calcitum. Regions with high content of Fe and low content of Mn had darker cathode light color， while regions with low content of Fe and high content of Mn had brighter cathode light color. When the total content of rare earth elements was>10 μg·g^-1， the brightness of the cathode light would be affected， and the higher the total content of the region， the brighter the cathode light color would be. Among the samples from different origins， the calcitum tested in MS area had the largest δ¹⁸O heterogeneity， and the δ¹⁸O difference ring band with micron level was formed. Meanwhile， the δ¹⁸O content was lower in the region with darker cathode light， on the contrary， the content was higher. ConclusionThe composition of Fe， Mn， rare earth elements and δ¹⁸O of calcitum is uneven and has obvious chemical compositional ring bands， among which the calcitum in Lannigou area has good quality because of its relatively uniform chemical composition and high content of Fe and Mn elements. This study can provide experimental basis for the formulation of quality standard of calcitum.

OBIECTIVE To study the appearance characters, crystal morphology and trace element content of quartz from three different producing areas, in order to provide experimental basis for the processing and medicinal use of quartz. METHODS The crystal morphology and trace element contents of 23 quartz samples from Dachang Town, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, Yata Town, Ceheng County, Guizhou Province and Badu Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region were studied by microscope and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. OriginPro 2018 software was used for cluster analysis and multivariate principal component analysis of trace elements. RESULTS The white quartz in Badu area was mainly opalescent and lumpy coarse veined. Under the microscope, the white quartz was mainly granular and its surface was dark gray. In Dachang area, white quartz was often symbiosis with stibnite, and part of white quartz was light green. Under the microscope, white quartz was mainly veined and granular, and presents wavy extinction. The white quartz in Yata area was transparent and translucent, and the white quartz particles had a high degree of self-shape, and the white quartz surface could be seen grease luster. The common trace elements in white quartz included lithium(Li), aluminum(Al), titanium(Ti), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), gallium(Ga), arsenic(As), rubidium(Rb), strontium(Sr), yttrium(Y), antimony(Sb), barium(Ba), lead(Pb) and so on. The contents of trace elements in quartz from the three producing areas vary greatly, with the content ranging from lower than the instrument detection limit to 7 772.36 μg·g-1. The highest content was Al element. The contents of Al and Sb in white quartz from Dachang area were obviously higher than those in other areas, and the content of Al could reach 1 846.94-7 772.36 μg·g-1. CONCLUSION White quartz from the different regions of the morphology, microstructure, trace elements have obvious difference, in the same area of white quartz in trace elements has certain inner link, white quartz of Dachang area because contain higher content of neurotoxic element Al and heavy metal element Sb, so in the use of white quartz in the region should be considered as a source of medicinal materials.

ObjectiveBy testing trace elements content and sulfur isotopic composition of 12 primary Cinnabaris ore samples from Xingren city and Danzhai county of Guizhou province， to explore the feasibility of identifying the origin of Chinese medicinal materials based on the trace element content-isotopic tracer technique. MethodThe contents of 50 trace elements in Cinnabaris were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry， and cluster analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） were performed by OriginPro 2018 software. At the same time， the sulfur isotopic composition in Cinnabaris samples was determined by gas stable isotope mass spectrometry. ResultThe trace element content and sulfur isotopic composition of Cinnabaris in Xingren and Danzhai were quite different， the contents of vanadium （V）， chromium （Cr）， copper （Cu）， arsenic （As）， strontium （Sr）， barium （Ba）， thallium （Tl）， aluminum （Al）， titanium （Ti） and manganese （Mn） in Cinnabaris from Lanmuchang were significantly higher than those in the Sixiangchang. The results of cluster analysis showed that the trace element content of 6 Cinnabaris samples from Sixiangchang was close and had a good correlation， while the contents of trace elements in 6 samples from Lanmuchang were far apart. The PCA biplots showed that 6 samples of Cinnabaris from Sixiangchang concentrated on the negative half axis of principal component 1 and 2， while 6 samples from Lanmuchang concentrated on the positive half axis of principal component 1 and 2. The δ³⁴S values of Cinnabaris samples from Lanmuchang and Sixiangchang were 0.573%-0.884% and 2.233%-2.364%， scatter diagram showed that the δ³⁴S values of Cinnabaris from the same origin were distributed in the same area， but δ³⁴S values of samples from the two producing areas were different， which indicates that the formation mechanism of Cinnabaris was different. ConclusionBased on the analysis of Cinnabaris from two producing areas in Guizhou province， it is found that Cinnabaris from different producing areas has different trace element composition， and the correlation of trace elements in samples from the same producing area is good， and the composition of δ³⁴S in Cinnabaris from different producing areas is different. The results show that trace element-isotopic tracer technique has great potential in the study of origin identification and traceability of mineral Chinese medicine， which can provide new research ideas for origin traceability， identification and quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.