Objective To evaluate the role of serum homocysteine (HCY) in diabetes mellitus(DM ) complicating proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) .Methods 174 patients with DM were selected and divided into PDR ,non‐PDR(NPDR) and non‐dia‐betic retinopathy (NDR) groups .The serum HCY level was detected .Results Serum HCY levels in the PDR ,NPDR and NDR groups were (18 .20 ± 5 .60) ,(14 .40 ± 6 .70) and ,(12 .10 ± 6 .80)μmol/L respectively ,which was highest in the PDR group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion HCY could result in PDR generation possibly by injuring the retinal blood vessels .

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with low left and right posterior hepatic duct confluence.Methods Clinical data of 12 patients suffering from cholelithiasis with a low confluence of the left and right posterior hepatic ducts admitted between January 2000 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 12 cases,the left and right posterior hepatic ducts joined between 2 cm below hilus hepatis and the superior border of the duodenum in 8 cases,below the superior border of the duodenum in 4 cases.Seven cases had a low confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts,and 5 cases had right posterior duct low confluence.As for bile duct stricture:the opening stricture at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts were found in 4 cases,the opening stricture in the right hepatic ducts were found in 3 cases,the opening stricture of the left hepatic duct were found in 2 cases.There were left and right bile duct stones in 7 cases,right intrahepatic bile duct stones in 3 cases,left intrahepatic bile duct stones in 2 cases.Cystic duct joined the right hepatic duct in 5 cases,left hepatic duct in 2 cases.Seven cases with a low confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts were with double T tube drainage; five of low right hepatic duct confluence were treated by T tube drainage.The right posterior branch of hepatic ducts were injured in four cases and right hepatic duct was injured in one.Conclusions Low confluence of left and right posterior hepatic ducts often leads to misdiagnosis during surgery of cholelithiasis.Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was helpful before cholecystectomy to avoid iatrogenic injury of biliary tract.

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is given to manage pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in cystic fibrosis (CF) and following pancreatectomy, total gastrectomy or chronic pancreatitis. The article reviews on aspects of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy containing the assement of pancreatic exocrine function, the pathogenesis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatic enzyme preparations and their efficiency, dosing of pancreatic enzymes, enteral nutrition and pancreatic enzyme replacement, the modulation of pancreatic exocrine and adverse reactions to pancreatic enzyme.

China ; Dyslipidemias ; prevention & control ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical factors in association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with lung cancer, and to provide evidence for prevention and therapy of VTE. Methods: Clinical information of 2 053 patients with lung cancer definitely diagnosed by cytology or pathology between July 2008 and June 2010 was retrospectively analyzed. VTE wasconfirmed by chest spiral computed tomography (CT), pulmonary arteriography and colorful Dopplerultrasound. The clinical factors including age, gender, pathological type, operation, clinical stage,body mass index, co-morbidity and platelet count as well as D -dimer, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumornecrosis factor (TNF) were considered as the potential VTE-related factors. Results: Of 2 053 patients,89 (4.34%) were confirmed with VTE. The incidence rates of VTE in patients with adenocarcinoma andnon-adenocarcinoma were 5.65% (58/1 027) and 3.02% (31/1 026), respectively, and the difference wasstatistically significant (P £?0.003). The incidence rate of VTE in stage I-III A lung cancer patients was significantly lower than that in stage IIIB-IV lung cancer patients [1.48% (10/677) vs 5.74% (79/1 376); P<0.001]. In patients with stage I-IIIA undergoing surgical operation or not, the incidence rates of VTE were 1.55% (10/645) and 0% (0/32), respectively (P=0.044). Significant difference of incidence rate of VTE was also found between the patients with and without co-morbidity [6.73% (56/832) vs 2.70% (33/ 1 221); P<0.001]. The incidence rates of VTE in patients with normal levels of platelet count, D -dimer,IL-1 and TNF were 3.72%, 0.31%, 2.44% and 3.27%, respectively; whereas, the incidence rates in patients with increased levels of these measurements were 6.26%, 19.91%, 10.26% and 7.74%, respectively; the differences between two groups were all significant (P<0.05). Logistic multivariant regression analysisrevealed that the clinical factors of adenocarcinoma, operation, co-morbidy and high levels of D-dimer,IL-1 and TNF in blood were associated with increased risk of VTE (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adenocarcinomais the most common pathological type in lung cancer patients with VTE. The risk factors of VTE include operation, co-morbidity and high levels of D -dimer, IL-1 and TNF in blood. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.

Objective To introduce the method and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of collagenase chemonucleolysis for treatment of cervical disc herniation.Methods 92 patients with cervical herniated discs were selected from January 2002 to December 2004.The procedure was guided by DSA and the puncture was defined from C_(6~7) or C_7-T_1 extradural cavity.Collagenase(1200~2400 u) was injcted in the herniated extradural cavity through the micrcatheter.Results The procedure of 88 cases was successful.80 cases were followed up from 6 to 12 months.The effect showed that 70 cases(87.5%) were excellent or good.No serious complication occurred.Conclusion The method of collagenase chemonucleolysis for treating cervical disc herniation is safe and effective,it can be used in clinic.

Fifteen journals related with liver diseases were selected from Chinese science and technology journal citation reports ( core ) ( CJCR ) during 2004 - 2009.Eleven important quantitative indicators including total cited frequency and impact factor were analyzed.At the same time,the dynamic evaluation model was also used to evaluate the academic influence of the 15 kinds of liver diseases journals.There were 5 kinds of trends:always arising,spiral arising,stabilizing after adjusting,vibrating highly and adjusting.The academic influence of liver diseases journals was rather high,but there were some problems including low academic influence,low ratio of funded papers and international papers and poor paper quality.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects and side effects of foscarnet in the treatment of active(IgG+,IgM+)and inactive(IgC+,IgM-)cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection after cadaver renal transplantation.Methods Forty-one cases of active cytomegalovirus infection and 22 of inactive cytomegalovirus were selected to receive foscarnet treatment.Besides,10 cases of inactive cytomegalovirus infection served as control group without receiving foscarnet.The usage of foscarnet was 40 mg/kg,iv.,2 ～3 weeks in the active stage,50 mg/kg,iv.,3～4 weeks in the inactive stage.Results Clinical symptoms of patients in the active stage were controlled,and serologic CMV IgG turned negative.Moreover,no positive infection was found after 3-month follow-up for those who received foscarnet.At the same time, 3 patients in the control group turned into active infection. Only one receiving foscarnet appeared urine volume cutting down temporarily,and the renal function had a reversible change;2 patients had skin red reaction.Conclusion Foscarnet could control CMV active infection quickly,markedly and firmly.and no recurrence was found during a 3-month follow-up.Foscarnet may protect the inactive patients from turning positive.And foscarnet had no obvious damage to the renal graft function and didn't interfere with the metabolism of blood calcium and cyclosporine A.Foscarnet is a safe and effective drug to treat CMV infection.

Objective To study the feasibility, safety, effectiveness of left atrial circumferential ablation of pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation(Af) guided by EnsiteNavX mapping system. Methods Seventeen patients with paroxysmal or persistent Af were included. Real time 3-dimensional left artial (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) maps were constructed through EnsiteNavX mapping system. Pulmonary veins isolation was performed by encircle the left and right sides PVs at adistance of 1 to 2 cm away from the ostium of PVs. Results Seventeen patients were all reached the endpoint of abalation completely. The mean procedure time and fluoroscopy time were (226.1 ± 36.2) minutes and (41.3 ± 12.8) minutes. Mean radiofrequency energy delivery time was (61.9 ±15.4) minutes. Recur-rence of Af occurred in two patients, one was repeat ablation succnssfully. During 3 ～ 36 months followup, fourteen patients (82.3%) were free of Af without any antiarrhythmic drugs. Recurrence of Af occurred in three(11.7%) patients treated with amiodarone. No complications occurred during the procedure and the following up. Conclusion Left atrial circumferential isolation of pulmonary veins for Af guided by Ensite NavX mapping system was effective and salty.

Objective To investigate the relationship of pancreatic exocrine function with the pancreatic cancer staging and the size of tumor. Methods N-benzoyl-tryrosyl para-aminobenzoic acid (NBT- PABA) test was used to measure the pancreatic exocrine function of 39 pancreatic cancer patients, 46 chronic pancreatitis patients and 20 normal subjects. In pancreatic cancer group, the relationship of pancreatic exocrine function with the size of tumor (TS) and JPS classification (T factor) was analysed. Results The rate of NBT-PABA excretion in normal subjects, chronic pancreatitis patients were (78.9±15.9)%, (58.6± 19.3)%, respectively; in mild, moderate, severe chronic pancreatitis patients, the values of NBT-PABA were (75.5±23.6)%, (57.9±21.5)%, (45.5±16.7)% ; respectively. The rate of NBT-PABA excretion in pancreatic cancer patients was (47.6±18.3)%, and the rate of NBT-PABA excretion in patients with T3+T4 stage was (42.2±21.70%, and was obviously less than (64.8±11.2)% of T1+T2 stage (P<0.05). Tthe rate of NBT-PABA excretion in patients with TS3+TS4 was (34.8±17.2)%, and was significantly lower than (55.6±23.5)% of TS1+TS2(P<0.05). The rate of NBT-PABA excretion in patients with pancreatic head cancer was (42.5±16.4)%, which was significantly lower than (71.8±9.6)% of the pancreatic body and tail (P<0.05). In the 33 patients with pancreatic head cancer, the rate of NBT-PABA excretion in patients with main pancreatic duct stricture was (54.2±14.1) %, which was significantly higher than (37.6± 14.1)% of patients with main pancreatic duct interruption (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pancreatic exocrine function between pancreatic cancer and moderate or severe chronic pancreatitis.Conclusions The pancreatic exocrine function was related to the pancreatic cancer staging and the size of tumor to some degree,but it was affected by mass location,and it was also affected by degrees of the pancreatic duct obstruction. The pancreatic exocrine function can not be used to differentiate pancreatic cancer from moderate or severe chronic pancreatitis.