Proton pump inhibitors are H+ /K+-ATPase inhibitors, which can efficiently inhibit gastric acid secretion for a long time. As the latest inhibitory gastric acid drugs, proton pump inhibitors are the best choices for acid-related diseases such as gastroe-sophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal lesions caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proton pump inhibi-tors have significant inhibition to basal gastric acid, night gastric acid and gastric acid secretion caused by gastrin and food stimulation. This article reviewed the pharmacokinetic characteristics of five proton pump inhibitors in domestic market.

Aim To investigate the effect of SA on induction of ERK1/2 activity in rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).Methods Western blot analysis was employed to identify the activation of ERK1/2 stimulated by SA at different time points and concentrations in cultured rat PASMCs.Results An unexpected observation showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was seen after treatment of SA for 2h at a high concentration(30 ?mol?L-1) but not at lower concentration(from 1 nmol?L-1 to 1 ?mol?L-1).Activation of ERK1/2 pathway could be inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or a protein kinase A(PKA) activator isoproterenol.Conclusion Together,these results suggest that SA has a strong dual regulating effect upon ERK1/2 through PKC and/or PKA pathways in rat PASMCs.

Aim To test the contribution of 15-HETE on expression of KV1.5 channel under hypoxia condition,using CDC or NDGA to block 15-LO/15-HETE,and to observe the effect of hypoxia on KV1.5 channel protein,mRNA expressions in cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)and pulmonary arterials(PAs).Methods Western blot,RT-PCR and 15-LO blockers,cinnamyl 3,4-dihydroxy-[alpha]-cyanocinnamate(CDC)or nordihydroguiairetic acid(NDGA)were used to identify the role of endogenous 15-HETE on expression of KV1.5 channel in cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)and PAs.Results(1)The expressions of KV1.5 channel protein and mRNA in PASMCs and PAs preteated with CDC or NDGA greatly increased than those of PASMCs under hypoxia group.(2)Exogenous 15-HETE added to PASMCs pretreated with CDC or NDGA greatly decreased the expression of KV1.5 than that of adding PASMCs pretreated with CDC or NDGA under hypoxia condition.Conclusion The down-regulation of KV1.5 channel expression caused by hypoxia is through endogenous 15-HETE.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cryptoporus polysaccharide(CP)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in human lung epithelial A549 cells.

METHODSA549 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of CP. The protein concentration and mRNA expression of MCP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked-immunosobent assay(ELISA)and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.

RESULTThe protein concentration of MCP-1 was significantly increased by LPS 1000 microg/L at 24 h. There were no effects on the growth and viability of A549 cells in the presence of CP 100 microg/L or dexamethasone 1 mumol/L. However, CP 100 microg/L or dexamethasone 1 micromol/L significantly inhibited the protein concentration and mRNA expression of MCP-1 induced by LPS.

CONCLUSIONCP can regulate MCP-1 production, which may be associated with its effects on lung inflammation.

Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Polyporaceae ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and it is directly related to the patient's prognosis and survival. Despite remaining uncertainties regarding the prevalence of AKI in intensive care unit (ICU), the overall incidence of AKI is relatively high, and prompt recognition is necessary to ensure the risk assessment, early diagnosis, clinical outcome, and treatment of critically ill patients. Doppler-based renal resistive index (RRI) mainly reflects vascular bed resistance state, which can be indirect to the extent of the damage of renal parenchyma. It is a relatively objective and quantitative evaluation, and is widely used in clinical prognosis of acute or chronic renal damage evaluation and judgment. This paper reviews the definition of RRI, the measurement methods of RRI, the application and progress of RRI in the field of AKI, the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic measurement of RRI, the long-term application of RRI, the effectiveness of RRI in predicting AKI, and the progress in clinical application.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of labor progress angle (AOP), fetal head descent distance (HPD) and their change rates in the outcome of vaginal trial of cesarean scar uterus. Methods A total of 170 pregnant women who underwent vaginal trial production of scar uterus after cesarean section were selected as study subjects, and were divided into successful group and failed group based on the trial production outcomes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and head-perineum distance (HPD) were measured by ultrasound during the active phase of the first stage of labor when the cervix dilated to 4 cm and at 1 hour after the cervix dilated to 4 cm, respectively. The AOP change rate and HPD change rate after 1 hour of progress were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of AOP, HPD and their change rates in the outcome of vaginal trial production of scar uterus after cesarean section. Delong test was used to compare the differences in area under curves (AUCs). Results Among 170 pregnant women with scarred uterus after cesarean section who were pregnant again, 139 cases (success group) were succeed in transvaginal delivery, while 31 cases failed trial delivery, and transferred to cesarean section (failure group). The AOP of the successful group was significantly larger than that of the failed group when the cervix was opened to 4 cm, and the HPD was significantly shorter than that of the failure group (P < 0.05). The AOP change rate and the change rate of HPD of the successful group were significantly higher than that of the failed group when the cervix dilated to 4 cm and at 1 hour (P < 0.05). The AUC of AOP and HPD in predicting the outcome of vaginal trial delivery of scar uterus after cesarean section were 0.846 and 0.812 respectively, and AUC predicted jointly by AOP and HPD showed no significant differences compared with AUC predicted separately (P>0.05). The AUC of the change rate of AOP and HPD in predicting the outcome of vaginal trial delivery of scarred uterus after cesarean section was 0.899 and 0.852 respectively, and the combined prediction of AOP change rate and HPD change rate had a higher AUC value than the AUC predicted separately. Its AUC value was higher than that of AOP combined with HPD (P < 0.05). Conclusion The AOP, HPD and their change rates when the uterine orifice expands to 4 cm in the active phase of the first stage of labor have predictive value for the outcome of vaginal trial production of scarred uterus after cesarean section.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score in in-hospital mortality of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods From August 2011 to August 2013, the clinical data of 89 patients with cardiogenic shock after STEMI treated with primary PCI and then supported by using IABP were retrospectively analyzed. The IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score were calculated from the data at admission and primary PCI. Comparisons of general information, medication and intervention, pre/post IABP vital life signs and in-hospital death were carried out among patients with different risk stratifications. Results The area under ROC curve of risk stratification was 0.723. The patients were categorized into low risk group (score 0-2, n=71) and intermediate-high risk group (score 3-9, n=18).The patients in intermediate-high risk group were with advanced age, high rate of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, renal insufficiency, higher serum lactate and glucose at admission compared with low risk group. And more patients in intermediate-high risk group had impaired post-PCI coronary flow (TIMI flow grade<3). Conclusions The IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score is a simple and useful risk score for predicting in-hospital mortality of STEMIpatients complicated with CS. Though the patietns are treated with primary PCI and then supported by IABP, the in-hospital mortality of patients with IABP SHOCK Ⅱ risk score ≥ 3 increases significantly.

To study the preventive effects of double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Patients receiving ERCP were divided into the treatment group and the control group by random number table. In the treatment group, double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting was applied. In the control group, selective biliary intubation was applied in the conventional way. The intubation time, PEP, hyperamylasemia and bleeding incidence were analyzed between the two groups. A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to December 2018. There were 40 cases in the treatment group and 39 cases in the control group. In the treatment group, the mean intubation time was 384±102 seconds. No PEP or bleeding during and after the operation occurred, but hyperamylasemia occurred in 2 cases. In the control group, the mean intubation time was 427±115 seconds. Hyperamylasemia occurred in 6 cases, PEP occurred in 3 cases, and 1 case of intraoperative bleeding happened in the control group. The incidence of PEP [0 VS 7.7%(3/39)]and hyperamylasemia [5.0% (2/40)VS 15.4%(6/39)] were lower in the treatment group (both P<0.05). Double guidewire technique combined with pancreatic duct stenting can successfully perform selective bile duct intubation and effectively prevent PEP.

The morbidity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is rising rapidly but no curative therapies to prevent its recurrence. Cell death is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Necroptosis is a newly identified programmed cell death and its roles played in IBD need to be explored. Necroptosis is mediated by receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which resulted in cell swelling, plasma membrane rupture, intracellular content leaking, and eventually cell death as well as the promotion of inflammation. Studies have found that inhibiting necroptosis alleviated IBD in animal models and IBD patients with an increased level of necroptosis in inflammatory tissues, indicating that necroptosis is related to the pathogenesis of IBD. However, due to the complexity in regulation of necroptosis and the involvement of multiple functions of relevant signaling molecules, the specific mechanism remains elusive. Necroptosis may play a vital regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which provides a new idea and method for further exploring the therapeutic target of IBD.