Information processing for intelligent diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an important part of the modernization of Chinese medicine, attracts world wide attention from the science circle. This article presents a systematic introduction to the development of information technology, especially the processing of pulse and tongue images and systems of computer-aided Chinese medical diagnosis. Furthermore, it points out four essential areas of future research, including epistemic logic system of syndrome differentiation, system construction technology, data miming technology and information acquisition and analysis in TCM diagnosis.

Objective To realize objectification and detailed quantification of palpation.Metbods A kind of automatic palpation device was developed to meet the needs of safeand easy operation,technique simulation,and multi-parameter monitoring in real time.Results This device mainly consisted of programmable controller and its analog-to-digital converter module,mechanical positioning device,pressing device,force testing device and hand-held touch screen,and it was designed to be operated by attenders independently.The device could collect multiple data including force,time and distance in the process of palpation,and monitor the force thresholds of pressing responses at all levels to achieve desired effects.Conclusion This device can be used in the automatic palpation for suitable body areas,especially in the comprehensive observation of acupoint-pressing responses or soft tissue tenderness.

Neural stem cell (NSC) has self-renewal and differentiation potential.It can orderly differentiate into neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the development of central nervous system.NSC differentiation was commonly regulated by a variety of factors,including cytokines,transcription factors and epigenetic factors.Epigenetic regulation is a heritable gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.Histone modification is an important regulation mode in epigenetic modifications,which is essential in the transcription process.It also plays a critical role in the development of central nervous system.This article briefly reviews the histone methylation and demethylafion in the regulation of NSC differentiation.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of quinolones resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and homology analysis a-mong the strains .Methods 25 strains of quinolones-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated clinically were collected .Kirby-Bauer(K-B) detection was utilized to detect the sensitivity of conventional drugs ,and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was em-ployed to detect quinolone resistance-related genes gyrA and parC which were verified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequen-cing ,repetitive extragenic palindrome(REP)-PCR was adopted to analyze the strain homology .Results Multiple resistances to 12 kinds of antibacterial agents were found among the 25 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii which were sensitive only to minocycline and amikacin ,with sensitive rates were 48 .0% and 32 .0% ,respectively ,and were all sensitive to polymyxin B [minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)≤2 μg/mL] .gyrA and parC genes were found in the all strain .Mutation TCA→TTA(Ser→Leu) at coden 83 in gyrA gene existed in 25 strains ,mutation TCG→TTG(Ser→Leu) at coden 80 in parC gene existed in 23 strains ,mutation GAA→GGA(Glu→Gly) at coden 84 in parC gene existed in 2 strains .REP-PCR showed that the strains had high degree of homology . Conclusion Quinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has high degree of homology ,existing gyrA and parC gene mutations .

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the functional study of kidney.Methods Fifteen volunteers as control group and 32 patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) were underwent DW MR imaging in a dehydrated state.In CKD group,12 cases were with normal serum creatinine(Scr) level(CKD group 1) and 20 cases with Scr increased in different level(CKD group 2).Apparent Diffusion Coefficient(ADC) value of each kidney of all groups was measured and compared of their relationships with clinical data.Results The ADC values of 15 volunteers in different b values(50,100,400) were(405.366?35.9639)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,(339.646?23.0594)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(254.532?13.6763)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.The ADC values of CKD group 1 were(336.622?12.879)?10~(5)mm~2/s,(308.142?20.998)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(211.398?14.604)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.And of CKD group 2 were(307.717?84.930)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,(265.415?57.754)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,and(201.672?26.411)?10~(-5)mm~2/s,respectively.The ADC values in CKD group were lower than those of the normal kidneys(t values compared between the control group and CKD group 1 were 9.720,5.190,11.093 separately,between the control group and CKD goup 2 were 6.533,7.382,10.864 separately in different b values,with all P values less than 0.05).In CKD group 2,it had been showed negtive correlation between the level of Scr and ADC values of kidney,with mean level of Scr of(828.490?699.350) ?mol/L,but this was confirmed of no statistical meanings(the coefficient correlation were(-0.272、)-0.283、-0.023 separately in different b values,with p values more than 0.05).For the creatinine clearance rate(Ccr),it showed a weak positive correlation with ADC values of CKD group 2(the coefficient correlation were 0.511、0.430、0.335 separately,with P values less than 0.05).Conclusion(Diffusion-weighted) MRI imaging and in vivo measurement of ADC values have the potential for use as a noninvasive means to explore the functional status of the kidney.

Objective To extract the specific symptoms of TCM syndromes of chronic fatigue (CF). Methods Epidemiological cluster sampling method was used in this trial. Totally 782 cases of CF patients were selected from universities,secondary schools,primary schools and hospitals of southern Fujian province. The subjects filled in "Scale of Clinical Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue" to record the clinical data of symptoms,tongue,and pulse for the diagnosis of specific TCM symptoms. The random forest (RF) method was adopted to encode the 95 symptoms extracted from the above-mentioned scale to select the main symptoms of common syndromes of CF and to measure the contribution of symptoms to the syndromes. Results Symptom groups of 4 syndromes of CF were achieved. Spleen deficiency syndrome:abdominal distention after eating or in afternoon,loss of appetite,sallow completion,loose stools,and emaciation; Heart deficiency syndrome:palpitation,chest fullness,thready pulse,insomnia or dream-disturbed sleep,and forgetfulness; Liver stagnation syndrome:hot temper or depression,sighing,bitter taste,dry throat,and string-taut pulse; Qi deficiency syndrome:swollen tongue with toothprints,shortness of breath,abrupt breathing,inactive talking,and spontaneous sweating. When the symptoms were inputted to the models,the model prediction accuracy was 96.13%,94.75%,95.89%,and 94.26% respectively. Conclusion The RF method has a good classification function on the syndromes of CF. Spleen deficiency syndrome,heart deficiency syndrome,liver stagnation syndrome,and qi deficiency syndrome are commonly appeared syndromes,each of them is provided with its own specific symptoms.

3.0 cm in diameters.Contrast-enhancement CT showed tumors with abundant blood vessel,1 case appeared as uniform enhancement and was difficult to distinguish between tumor body and internal carotid and external carotid because of the iso-density of them.On MRI,the flow void blood vessels inside the tumors could be identified and internal carotid and external carotid separated.MRA displayed all the relation between the tumors and carotid and its branches.DSA could demonstrate the supply arteries of the tumors.Conclusion Ultrasonics,CT,MRI and DSA have own definitely characteristic value in diagnosing carotid body tumor.

Objective To observe the expression of cytotoxicity and receptors on NK cells in breast cancer,and investigate the impact of soluble MICA(sohble MHC class Ⅰ-related molecules A,sMICA) on NK cells receptors expression and cytotoxicity.Methods ELISA was used to examine the sMICA in peripheral blood.The expressions of activated receptor(NKG2D),killer inhibitory receptor (KIR)(CD158b) and NK cells were identified by flow cytometry(FCM).Cytotoxicity of NK cells to breast cancer were tested by MTT.Results sMICA was (205.36±71.27)ng/L in breast cancer patients and 81.6 % samples were detected.There were positive correlations between sMICA levels with breast cancer stages.There were no difference of NK cells percentage between breast cancer and healthy person.The cytotoxicity of NK cells and expressions of NKG2D were obviously lower in breast cancer with sMICA(+) than in healthy person,but CD158b was higher in healthy person.After cultured with sMICA,NK cells cytotoxicity decreased from(76.2±6.7)% to(48.4±4.1)% and the expression of NKG2D reduced from(92.5±7.1)% to (62.5±6.4)%,but the the expression of CD158b increased from(10.6±3.2)% to (43.6±3.4)%.IL-15 up regulated the expression of NKG2D and NK cells cytotoxicity,but decreased the expression of CD158b by co-culturation with IL-15 and sMICA in sMICA+ patients with breast cancer.Conclusion sMICA reduced the expression of NKG2D and increased the expression of Kill,which lead to the down regulation of NK cells cytotoxicity.IL-15 can reverse this effect.

Objective To evaluate the theoretical knowledge level of Chinese nursing students based on the problem-based learning(PBL)versus traditional teaching methods. Methods Databases including CNKI (1979-2013.03),VIP (1989-2013.03)and Wanfang (1982-2013.03)were searched (up to March,2013)for controlled studies comparing PBL and traditional teaching methods. The quality of included studies was critically evaluated and the data were analyzed by Stata 10.0 software. Results A total of 659 articles were retrieved but only 22 were included. Meta-analyses showed that there were significant differences between PBL and traditional teaching methods in improving theoreti-cal knowledge of nursing students(SMD merge=0.79,95%CI(0.55,1.03),P=0.000). Conclusions PBL can improve the theoretical scores of Chinese nursing students. However,the above conclusion needs to be confirmed by more large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality due to the limitation of studies include in this paper.

Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty for the determination of ethanol in human blood by auto-headspace GC/MS.Methods Each source of uncertainty,arising from the procedure of testing,was analyzed and confirmed according to the guidelines of the uncertainty in measurement.After each uncertainty component was evaluated,the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty of the result were calculated.Results The expanded uncertainty was 0.084mg/mL when the concentration of ethanol in blood sample was 0.738 mg/mL.Conclusion The measurement uncertainty of the concentration of ethanol was came primarily from the sample determination,standard solution of the ethanol and the calibration curve.