Objective To analyze the clinical laboratory characteristic of Candida albicans caused antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) .Methods 100 cases of AAD were selected .Based on the results ,they were divided into Candida albicans group and non-Candida albicans group .The levels of sodium ,potassium ,fasting blood-glucose and albumin ,investigation of antimicrobial usage were compared in two groups .Results Candida albicans were detected in 42 cases .The levels of sodium ,potassium and fasting blood-glucose in the Candida albicans group were significantly higher than those in non-Candida albicans group(P<0 .01) ,and al-bumin were significantly lower than that in non-Candida albicans group(P< 0 .01) .The rate of two or more antibiotic usage in Candida albicans group was significantly higher than that in non-Candida albicans group(P<0 .05) .The drug resistance rates of fluconazole ,itraconazole ,voriconazole ,amphotericin B and flucytosine in Candida albicans group were significantly lower than those in non-Candida albicans group(P<0 .05) ,and the antibiotic sensitive rates of fluconazole ,itraconazole ,voriconazole ,amphotericin B and flucytosine in Candida albicans group were significantly higher than those in non-Candida albicans group(P<0 .05) .The drug resistance rates of vancomycin and macrodantin in Candida albicans group were significantly higher than those in non-Candida al-bicans group(P<0 .01) ,and the antibiotic sensitive rates of vancomycin and macrodantin in Candida albicans group were signifi-cantly lower than those in non-Candida albicans group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion For AAD cases ,the fecal culture can provide exper-imental basis for clinical treatment and avoid the abuse of antibiotics .

Objective To evaluate the effect of the needle free injection system (INJEX30) and insulin pen on insulin absorption and glycemic control in diabetic patients.Methods A total of 30 diabetic patients on insulin therapy without obvious complications were enrolled in the study with average BMI of 25.24 kg/m2.A comparison study was carried out in those subjects with the INJEX30 and insulin pen at 1 st day and 5th day.After an overnight fasting of 8-10 h,a standard mixed meal(50 g bread,50 g egg and 250 ml milk) was given to each patient.Blood samples at 0,20,40,60 min of the standard mixed meal were collected to test plasma glucose,serum insulin and C peptide.Results No difference was shown in fasting plasma glucose,serum insulin and C peptide between the patients with the two injection methods.The area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose and serum C peptide was significantly lower after the INJEX30 injection than that after insulin pen injection [plasma glucose AUC (542 ± 172) min · mmol · L-1 vs (601 ±199) min· mmol · L-1,P ＜0.01; C peptide AUC (70 ±53) min · μg · L-1 vs (80 ±58) min · μg · L-1,P ＜0.01].The AUC of serum insulin was significantly higher after the INJEX30 injection than that after insulin pen injection [serum insulin AUC(5621 ± 3790) min · mIU · L-1 vs(4285 ± 3376) min · mIU · L-1,P ＜0.01].No difference was found in the AUC of serum insulin between the two injection methods in the patients with BMI below 25.24 kg/m2,while the AUC of serum insulin was significantly higher after the INJEX30 injection than the insulin pen injection in the patients with BMI above 25.24 kg/m2 [serum insulin AUC(6453 ± 4099) min · mIU · L-1 vs (4879 ± 3701) min · mIU · L-1,P ＜0.01].Conclusion The INJEX30 improves the serum insulin level which may lead to a beneficial effect on the glycemic control.Such effect is more obvious in the overweight patients.

Objective To construct adenovirus vector with agiostatinK1-5 gene and to investigate the function of suppression to proliferation and migration for vascular endothelial cells.Methods With the use of gene recombination and clone technology, we constructed the adenovirus vector with the gene of angiostatin K1-5. In vitro vascular endothelial eclls proliferation assay and migration activity were performed through direct infection,MTT and transwell chemotaxis assay. Results 50% TCID indicated that the condence of resultant viruses was 1.5?109PFU/mL. It was purified by CsCL banding,final yield were generally 1.1?1010 PFU/mL plaquing-forming units. Through indirect infect assay and MTT, we found angiostatin K1-5 inhibited human vascular endothelial cells proliferation. We utilized human vascular endothelial cells to study the effect angiostatin K1-5 on cell migration,the result showed that adenoviruse vector with angiostatin K1-5 significantly inhibited HUVEC migration.Conclusion We successfully constructed adenoviruse vector with angiostatin K1-5 and demonstrated its inhibitory effect on proliferation andmigration of HUVEC.

Objective To describe the characteristic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of gastric ectopic pancreas.Methods Totally 23 patients were diagnosed pathologically as having gastric ectopic pancreas.The EUS images of the lesions were retrospectively reviewed regarding layer of origin,size,growth pattern,margin,and internal echo pattern.Results The coincidence of EUS and pathologic diagnosis was 91%(21/23).EUS revealed that the lesions originated from the second,third,and/or fourth layers of the gastric wall.Most lesions were heterogenous,mainly isoechoic.The borders of the lesions were indistinct in 70%(16/23) patients. Anechoic cystic or tubular structures within the lesions appeared in 10 of the 23 lesions(43%).The mean longest/shortest diameter ratio of ectopic pancreas was 1.7.Conclusions Characteristic EUS features of gastric ectopic pancreases include:mural lateral growth pattern,third layer (submucosa) origin,indistinct margin,intermediate echogenecity,anechoic areas,and fourth-layer thickening.Careful assessment of the EUS findings may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of gastric ectopic pancreas.

Objective Random allocation concealment is important in ensuring high-guality randomized controlled clinical trial.In this paper , we aimed to design a more convenient and effective two couplet random allocation method through improving the random allocation concealment technology which uses the envelope method . Methods According to the randomized sequence , a two-couplet random allocation should be prepared for every subject and bound into a book in order , which named random assignment book with cover and instructions .The first couplet is to collect the enroll information and the second couplet is to show the allocation informa -tion.The serial numbers of the two couplets which around sealant are the same , and leave blank at the same areas of the two couplets for signing the enter information .The content of the first couplet can be completely copied to the second couplet .In order to avoid expo-sing the allocation information in advance , the back of the second couplet should be black-printed. When the subjects are sure qualified, the researchers selected the corresponding two couplet in a sequential order .Exposing the allocation infromation in the second couplet, and the subjects will be allocated to the group designated on the second couplet .This random allocation book should be entrusted to professional printing mechanism ,printing according to the random assignment sequence table and in the strict quality control .For the multicenter clinical trials , it can be printed in parts . Results The method has been implemented in nearly ten randomized controlled trials and obtained the consistent high praise . Conclusion The random allocation book method is easy to produce , simple operation and convenient in monitoring , which can effectively achieve the random allocation concealment in a clinical trial as well as having a sig -nificantly practical value in ensuring the quality of randomization .

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in health check-up population of Beijing suburb.Methods Total 1 336 rural residents in Nankou Township of Beijing received health check-up from July to Aug 2014,including 686 subjects aged 20-59 years (young/middle-aged group) and 650 subjects aged 60-96 years (elderly group).The blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured;serum uric acid (SUA),fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood lipids (TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C) were determined.The SUA levels ＞ 420 μmol/L for male and ＞ 360 μmol/L for female were defined as hyperuricemia.Results The four quartiles of SUA levels were 27.00-254.59 μmol/L (Q1),254.60-302.35 μmol/L (Q2),302.36-359.78 μmol/L(Q3) and 359.79-702.0 μmol/L (Q4).The prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in young/middle-aged group than that in elderly group [20.41％ (140/686) vs.13.85％ (90/650),x2 =10.08,P =0.001 5],the systolic blood pressure [SBP,(126.8±15.7) vs.(116.7±12.0)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=2.76,P=0.008],FBG [(7.40±4.10) vs.(6.11 ±2.03)mmol/L,t=2.12,P=0.036],TC [(5.52±1.10) vs.(5.23±1.00)mmol/L,t =2.04,P =0.045],LDL-C [(3.5 ±0.7) vs.(2.4 ±0.9)mmol/L,t =2.21,P =0.029]in young/middle-aged group were significantly higher than those in elderly group.BMI,FBG were significantly higher in Q4 than those in other quartiles [BMI:(26.44 ± 3.88) vs.(24.19 ± 3.37),(25.49±3.42) and (25.61 ±3.49)kg/m2,t =2.78,P=0.008;FBG:(8.19 ±1.52) vs.(6.34±1.34),(6.09 ± 1.51) and (6.40 ± 1.98) mmol/L,t =2.80,P =0.007].The triglyceride (TG) levels in group Q3 and Q4 [(1.85 ± 0.90) and (1.92 ± 0.44) mmol/L] were higher than those in Q1 and Q2 [(1.37 ±0.76) and (1.70 ±0.84) mmol/L,t =2.1,P =0.035].Only 9.57％ subjects (22/230)with hyperuricemia was not combined with metabolic disorder;subjects combined with one and two metabolic disorders accounted for 20.87％ (48/230) and 69.57％ (160/230),respectively.Conclusion Screening for hyperuricemia is important for comprehensiye treatment and management of hyperuricemia in rural residents,especially in the young and middle-aged population.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined tumor cells to destroy the loss in treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Methods One hundred and forty-four patients with advanced ovarian cancer were divided randomly into the control group(n=72) and research group (n=72).The patients of control group were given conventional chemotherapy(ovarian tumor remove first and then neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and the patients of research group were given neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoadjuvant chemotherapy first and then ovarian tumor remove).The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, ideal reduction rate, clinical efficacy and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay of the research group were obviously lower than that of the control group((124.6±21.3) min vs.(186.4±32.6) min, (382.5±62.3) ml vs.(618.5± 86.4) ml, (8.9± 1.3) d vs.(12.2± 3.4) d;t =5.623,9.646,5.257), while the ideal reduction rate of the research group were obviously higher than that of the control group(70.8％ vs.47.2％, x2 =8.735), the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The clinical efficacy(87.5％ vs.52.8％, x2 =6.748) of the research group were obviously higher than that of the control group, while the postoperative incision infection (9.7％ vs.19.4％, x2 =4.452) and fever(4.2％ vs.15.3％,x2 =5.536) were obviously lower than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can obviously increase the the clinical effect of treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer and decrease the postoperative complications, it is worth popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition support via naso-jejunal tube in esopha-geal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy.Methods 36 esophageal carcinoma patients were randomly assigned into enteral nutrition(EN)group,while 38 patients assigned to control group.All patients underwent defini-tion IMRT combined with weekly concurrent chemotherapy of paclitaxel-nedaplatin.The naso -jejunal tubes were bedside inserted by hand in EN group.Enteral nutrition support began the day after the tube insertion.The control group took food orally.Nutrition was assessed through body weight,BMI,lymphocyte,albumin,pre -albumin and hemoglobin.Treatment induced complications were recorded.Results The degree of nutritional reduction was lower in EN group and significantly different with the control group.The EN group underwent (4.5 ±1 .1 )cycles concurrent chemotherapy,the control group underwent (3.1 ±2.3)cycles concurrent chemotherapy(t=6.21,P=0.027).The hematotoxicity induced by chemoradiotherapy(CRT)was statistically severe in the control group(χ2 =24.64,P<0.01),while radiation esophagitis was similar between the two groups.Conclusion EN support via naso -jejunal tube in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy may improve the nutritional status,alleviate CRT induced hematotoxicity,increase tolerance of CRT.

Objective To summarize the clinical phenotype profiles and mitochondrial DNA mutation in maternally inherited diabetes and deafness ( MIDD ) , and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in clinical practice. Methods Sixteen patients with MIDD in six families from Peking Union Medical College from 2007 to Dec 2014 were confirmed as carrying the mitochondrial ( mt) DNA 3243 A to G mutation. Sanger sequencing was used to detect the mt DNA 3243 A to G mutation. The peak height G/A ratio was used to determine mutation heteroplasmy levels. Results The patients with early onset of diabetes (35. 0 ± 14. 6 years), deafness, normal or lower body mass index ( BMI) , and maternal hereditary tendency suggested the diagnosis of MIDD. The peak height G/A ratio was significantly different according to the onset age of MIDD [≤25 years (61. 6 ± 20. 17)%;25-45 years (16.59±8.64)%;>45 years(6.37±0.59)%;P<0.01]. The peak height G/A ratio was negatively correlated with the onset age of MIDD(r=-0. 785,P=0. 001). Conclusion Early onset of diabetes with deafness, normal/lower BMI, and maternal hereditary tendency strongly suggests the diagnosis of MIDD. The peak height G/A ratio might provide a simple prediction regarding the onset age and severity of MIDD.

Objective To evaluate effect and safety of first-line chemotherapy regimen combined with rh-endostatin for osteosarcoma of the extremities.Methods Sixty three patients with osteosarcoma were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.There were 32 patients in experiment group,and 31 patients in control group.Nine patients 9 were rejected because they did not meet the standard.Finally,54 patients were enrolled in this study,including 29 patients in experiment group,and 25 patients in control group.In the experiment group,the patients were treated with rh-endostatin combined with MTX,IFO,DDP,and ADM,while patients in control group were treated with MTX,IFO,DDP,and ADM.Several indexes including median progression-free survival time,clinical benefit rate,progression-free survival rate,limb salvage rate,and survival rate were used to assess clinical effect.The safety of rh-endostatin was evaluated by comparing incidence of adverse events in the two groups.Results The median progression-free survival time of experiment group and control group was 18.9 months and 13.1 months,respectively; there was no significant difference.In the experiment group,the clinical benefit rate,progression-free survival rate,survival rate and limb salvage rate were 89.7％,37.9％,65.5％,and 89.7％,respectively; while in the control group,the clinical benefit rate,progression-free survival rate,survival rate,and limb salvage rate were 88.0％,36.0％,68.0％,and 96.0％,respectively.There was no significant difference in 4 indexes mentioned above between two groups.Conclusion After being combined with first-line chemotherapy regimen,rh-endostatin doesn't show significant advantage in controlling tumour progression and improving survival rate.No more toxicity and new side effects are found after using rh-endostatin.