Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

The development of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (anti-EGFR McAbs) marked a significant milestone in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment. The addition of anti-EGFR McAb can greatly improve quality of life of mCRC patients and mCRC prognosis and markedly increases the overall survival rate from 6 months to nearly 30 months. KRAS and NRAS mutations contribute to the primary resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and can serve as well-established predictive markers for pa-tient selection. Apart from the RAS family, other molecular alteration in EGFR signaling pathway may also compromise the efficacy of anti-EGFR treatment. In addition, patients who responded to anti-EGFR treatment eventually develop acquired drug resistance within 13 and 18 months. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapy are summa-rized, and a possible strategy to circumvent drug resistance is proposed. We hope this review can provide compelling evidence, deeper insights, and reasonable guidance to facilitate the precise molecular targeted therapy of mCRC.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the biosafety and biocompatibility of biomaterials. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI, CBM and VIP as well as manual search were performed to collect articles about random cell control experiments and animal experiments of biological material biocompatibility published between 1990 and 2008. A total of 28 Chinese literatures were collected, and 7 were included mainly involving the cytotoxicity test methods and blood compatibility of the experimental medium, experimental grouping, experimental materials, methods of observation, experimental results, and experimental conclusion. In addition, biocompatibility of the biological material was analyzed to summarize the biocompatibility of the biological safety. RESULTS: Based on experiments of biosafety and biocompatibility of biomaterials, the cytotoxicity test and blood compatibility of various biomaterials, such as collagen, chitosan, magnetic nanoparticle, metal vascular stent, sulphurated siliastic medical grade silicon rubber, polyurethane, ceramic coatings by micro-arc oxidation, are essential for the biological safety. The experimental results have shown that the biomaterials have good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION: A variety of biological materials present good biocompatibility, including collagen, chitosan, magnetic nanoparticle, metal vascular stent, sulphurated siliastic medical grade silicon rubber, polyurethane, ceramic coatings by micro-arc oxidation, based on the evaluation criteria.

Objective To study Evaluation of serum soluble ST2 protein and brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in patients with acute heart failure and prognosis of patients with acute heart failure.Methods Fifty cases patients with acute heart failure from April 2014 to April 2015 in the First Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Beijing were researched.Detection of all patients with serum ST2,NT-proBNP,50 patients with acute heart failure were divided into heart failure group,50 healthy persons were selected as the control group.The control group and the observation group general heart failure data,the observation group and the control group of cardiac biomarker blood level,cardiac function level NT-proBNP blood concentration level,classification of cardiac function between ST2 blood concentration level were compared.Results Cr,BUN of heart failure group were higher than the control group,there was no significant difference between other indicators(P＞0.05).ST2((0.46±0.07)ng/L)in heart failure group was lower than the control group((0.66±0.20)ng/L),NT-proBNP((4160.20±57.49)ng/L)was higher than the control group((58.97±4.39)ng/L),heart function IV NT-proBNP blood concentration of the highest(9 428.29±75.93)ng/L,followed by grade III(1 921.01±30.27)ng/L,the second lowest(321.02±16.80)ng/L,(P＜0.01).Heart function IV level ST2 blood concentration was the highest(1.95±0.69)ng/L,followed by grade III(1.27±0.61)ng/L,class II minimum(0.78±0.24)ng/L(P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum ST2 and NT-proBNP are used to detect the patients with acute heart failure,can provide accurate diagnosis basis,has a very important value judgment on the classification and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of DSA image mosaic in arteriography in lower extremities. Methods 22 suspected cases were examined by bolus chase, and then the images were mosaiced to a full picture after processing by Paste to judge the image effects of vessels. Results This method could display the whole image by one injection of contrast media. Vary lesions were found in the 22 cases. Conclusion This method can display the lower extremities lesions directly, which is better than traditional DSA.

Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of non -ionic monomer diagnostic opaque, iodixanol (Visipaque) and that of non -ionic disomer diagnostic opaque, iohexol (Omnipaque). Methods By comparing retrospectively the DSA opacification of 60 patients from 2006 to 2007, patients′ indispositions, adverse reactions and pictorial efficiency were recorded respectively. Results In the control group, iodixanol showed less indisposition caused by injection than iohexol and there′ s no obvious difference of indisposition. Both images met diagnostic requirements. Conclusion Both iodixanol and iohexol are safe, efficient and well -tolerant diagnostic opaque. Iodixanol is better than iohexol in indisposition caused by injection.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of directed forgetting. Methods ERP was recorded from 12 healthy postgraduates while they performed a directed forgetting task based on the item-cueing method. During the study phase, each word was followed by a cue indicated that it need to be remembered, to be forgotten or just to be viewed. During the test phase, subjects were asked to make an old/new recognition response. One-way ANOVA of repeated-measurement and paired comparisons were carried out for the cue factor. Results Both of the accuracy and reaction time of the TBR group were significantly superior to those of the other two groups. No significant behavioral effect was found between the TBF group and the TBV group. In the study phase, statistical parametric mapping of ERP suggested the cue effects were presented in the frontal poles ( 200～300 ms ) and the parietal regions (300～400 ms) ,the left fronto-parietal and the right occipital region (450～700 ms). The difference between the TBF and the TBV was significant in the left parietal area (500～525 ms) and has the significant trend in the right frontal area ( 350～600 ms). In the retrieval phase, the old/new effects of ERP occurred in the left fro-nto-temporal (300～450 ms) for the TBF cue. Conclusions The TBF cue and the TBV cue have the equivalent behavioral performance. During the study period, the activation of the right frontal lobe and the left parietal suggests the active inhibition evoked by the TBF cue. And the TBR cue can enhance the rehearsal function of left hemisphere and improve the memory performance of words. The retrieval of the items of TBF is based on more familiarity and less recollection.

Objective To compare the risk effects of different antiplatelet therapies on gastrointestinal injury and summarize the endoscopic characteristics of gastrointestinal mucosal injury in the elderly. Methods The dyspepsia symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopic findings were retrospectively evaluated among 577 patients who received the antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and/or clopidogrel. Results The risk of dyspepsia symptoms and gastrointestinal bleeding was slightly higher in clopidogrel group than in aspirin group (both P＞0.05, x2=0.48, 0.72), and OR (95% CI): 1.10 (0.59-2.07) and 1.74 (0.48-6.33), for the risk of dyspepsia symptoms and gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively. In aspirin plus clopidogrel group, the risk of dyspepsia symptoms had no significant increase as compared with aspirin or clopidogrel group (x2=0.37, 0.03, for aspirin or clopidogrel group, respectively, both P＞0.05), but the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher than in aspirin group (x2=5.43, P＜0.05), OR (95% CI): 4.77 (1.15-19.79) and slightly higher than in clopidogrel group (P＞0.05). In this study, 57 patients received endoscopy and the detection rate of erosion or ulcer was 78.9%. Erosion (61.4%) was most in the gastric antrum; gastric ulcer (10.6%) located in gastric antrum and angle; duodenal ulcer (18.0%) located in bulb. In patients with dyspepsia symptoms erosion (70.5%), were most likely found but patients with gastrointestinal bleeding showed mainly ulcer (69.2%). Conclusions In the elderly the use of clopidogrel alone is not safer than low-dose aspirin and the combination would increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. The detection rate of erosion or ulcer is high in patients with symptoms. Patients with dyspepsia symptoms most likely show erosion, but patients with gastrointestinal bleeding have mainly ulcer and complex ulcers more common.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyaluronan (HA) and CD44 on airway mucous hypersecretion,and explore the molecular mechanism of activation of epidermal growth factor(EGF)/epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) signal transduction pathway by signal factors. Methods BEAS-2 B airway epithelial cells were cultured in vitro,and were stimulated by neutrophil elastase(NE).Reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenger(DMTU),hyaluronidase(Hase),CD44 antibody and tissue kallikrein(TK)inhibitor(PI)were served as interventional factors,and control group(serum free culture),NE stimulation group(50 nmol/L NE),DMTU+NE group(20μmol/L DMTU+50 nmol/L NE),DMTU+Hase+NE group(20 μmol/L DMTU+10μg/mL Hase+50 nmol/L NE),CD44Ab+NE group(5 μg/mL CD44Ab+50 nmol/LNE)and PI+NE group(1 00μg/mL PI+50 nmol/L NE)were established.The expression of mucin(MUC)5AC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR,the expression of MUC5AC and EGF protein was determined by ELISA,and the expression of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor(p-EGFR)protein was analysed by Western blotting. Results The expression of MUC5AC,EGF and p-EGFR protein and MUC5AC mRNA in NE stimulation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01),the expression in DMTU+NE group was significantly lower than that in NE stimulation group(P<0.01),the expression in MTU+Hase+NE group was significantly higher than that in DMTU+NE group(P<0.05 for MUC5AC and p-EGFR protein and MUC5AC mRNA,and P<0.01 for EGF protein),the expression in CD44Ab+NE group and PI+NE group was significantly higher than that in NE stimulation group(P<0.05 for MUC5AC and p-EGFR protein and MUC5AC mRNA,and P<0.01 for EGF protein). Conclusion NE up-regulates the expression of MUC5AC gene via ROS/HA/CD44/TK/EGF/EGFR signal transduction pathway in airway epithelial cells.

Objective Experimental research demonstrated that oxidative damage leads to formation of cataract in rats and its machanism is the decline of activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and catalase(CAT) . Aaspirin can improve the antioxidative ability of lens. The purpose of this study was to observe the inhibition of aspirin on D-Galactose-induced cataractous lenses of rats. Methods Galactose cataract model was established in 40 cleaning Wistar rals by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mL/kg 80% D-Galactose for 10 days. The models were divided into model group (20 rats) and aspirin group(20 rats). 150 mg/kg of aspirin was administered immediately by gastrogavaging in aspirin group for 20 days. Other 20 normal Wistar rats were as control group. At day 3, 6, 10, 14, 20, the transparency of rat lenses was observed under the slit lamp microscopy. At day 5 after experiment, the ultrastructure of the lenses was examined and evaluated under the scanning electron microscopy. The activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT were detected by Coomassie Brilliant Blue color comparator, respectively. The use of experimental animal followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results All lenses were transparent in the rats of control group. The degree of lens opacity was more mild in asprin group compared with model group. 25. 00%, 41. 67%, 58. 33%, 83. 33% of lenses in aspirin group showed swelling at day 6, 10, 14, 20, respectively, but 65% lenses were opacity in model group on day 3 and 100% lenses were nuclear cataracts in 6 days. The structure of lenses was normal in control group, but the process number, fiber thickness and fiber density of lens were significantly increased in model group compared with control group (P ＜0. 05), and only process number was increased in asprin group. The activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT in lens of model group were obviously lower than in normal control group(P＜0. 05), but those in asprin group were significantly increased in comparison with model group(P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Aspirin could protect lenses of rats against oxidative damage by elevating activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT in lens and inhibiting the generation and development of galactose-induced cataract at early stage of cataract.