Objective To compare the effectiveness of two-suppression therapy with over-plus hyperopia lens and atropine mydriasis for school-age chihtren with monocular amblyopia. Method One hundred and sixty-seven cases of children with monocular amblyopia in the age of 7-12 years old were observed, who were randomly divided into two groups, using over-plus hyperopia lens or atropine mydriasis to suppress the normal eye, and the amblyopia eye was comprehensive trained, followed-up of 3 years. Results The effect rate was similar between over-plus hyperopia lens and atropine mydriasis [90.7%(78/86) and 91.4%(74/81), respectively]. There was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions For school-age children with monocular amblyopia, you can use over-plus hyperopia lens inhibit the normal eye sight, its effect is similar with the atropine mydriasis.

With the development of modern medical technology,the traditional teaching mode can not satisfy the teaching requirements of biomedical measurement and instrument which is one of the main courses of biomedical engineering,and network teaching is the tendency.The article studies how to develop biomedical measurement and instrument's network teaching from many aspects,such as the construction of information platform,network teaching pattern design and so on,and the practice has achieved good results.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the method of efficacy evaluation of Chinese traditional medicine(CTM)by the theory of pharmacoeconomics.METHODS:Based on the characteristics and the market situation,together with the current interna?tional pharmacoeconomics evaluation norm,the method for the efficacy evaluation of CTM was analyzed and discussed.RE?SULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Both the advantages of CTM and the international evaluation standard should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of the efficacy of CTM,it is advisable to adopt the western medicine efficacy assessment stan?dard if possible so as to increase its international acceptability.

Objective: To examine the relationships of academic feedback,mathematic self-efficacy and mathematic achievement of students in grade seven.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to 192 students in grade seven randomly selected from a middle school in changchun by group.Results: ①each aspect of academic feedback was significantly correlated with mathematic self-efficacy and mathematic achievement;②effective feedback directly influenced the academic achievement and mathematic self-efficacy;③and the effective feedback and complex feedback influenced the mathematic self-efficacy directly.Conclusion: ①academic feedback,mathematic self-efficacy can influence the mathematic achievement of student;②academic feedback can influence the mathematic self-efficacy of students.This study suggests that proper academic feedbacks can improve the mathematic self-efficacy and achievement of students.

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor substance.A large number of clinical and basic studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid and/or ET-1 levels in peripheral blood increases in patients with SAH and play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVS.This article reviews the research status of the role of ET-1 in the occurrence and development of CVS.

ObjectiveTostudytheroleoffunctionalsubetsofCD4+Tlymphocytesinsyphilis.Methods40casesofsyphilis(20casesofprimaryandsecondarysyphiliseach)enteredinthisstudy,and15normalindividualsascontrols.Theperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)ofpatientswithsyphilisandnormalcontrolswereculturedinvitrowithphytohemagglutinin(PHA)for48hours,andtheTh2cytokineIL-4、Th1cytokineinterferon-?(IFN-?)inthesupermatantweremeasured,thechangesofIL-4,IFN-?ineachstageofsyphiliswereobserved.ResultsTheresultsshowedthattheproductionofIL-4insyphilispatientswasmarkedlyhigherthanthatinnormalcontrols,(P

Objective To explore an effective and viable way to establish small-for-size liver transplantation model in rats.Methods Male Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients,the grafts were implanted according to Kamada's 2-coff method.Animals were divided into the following groups:Group I (n=28):30% size graft liver transplantation using a median lobe graft,with left lobe,right lobe,caudate lobe and triangle lobe removed in situ;Group Ⅱ (n=36) :30% size graft liver transplantation using a median lobe graft,with an improved technic of lobe resection.7-day survival rat and the technical complications including bleeding,IVC or portal vein stricture and bile leakage were compared between the groups.Results Compared to the Group Ⅰ,the incidence of IVC stricture was significantly decreased in the Group Ⅱ.Other complications showed no significant difference between the two groups.No significant difference were observed in the 7-day survival rate between the two groups(33%,9/28 vs 60%,21/36),( X2 = 0.272,P ＞ 0.05 ),though Group Ⅱ had more survivors 7 days after liver transplantation.Conclusion With improved method of lobe resection,more effective and viable 30% small-for-size rat liver transplantation model can be established.

To evaluate the incidence of sub-clinical neck metastasis and its surgical treatment in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) without clear evidences for lymph nodes metastasis, a total of 205 patients with OSCC in N0 and N1 stage(UICC 1987′s classification) were included in the study.Their clinical and histopathological files were retrospectively studied and patients were followed up after operation. Histopathological positive lymph nodes were found in 10.8%(13/120) of patients,and postoperative lymph nodes metastasis occurred in 16.5%(14/85) of patients without neck dissections.There were no significant differences between N0 and N1 groups.Neck recurrence occurred in 11.9%(5/42) of patients after functional neck dissections.The rate was higher in patients with bucal lesions.Patients undergoing radical neck dissections also had neck recurrence with an incidence of 6.4%.But most of them occurred on contralateral side. It suggested that subclinical metastasis of OSCC with clinically negative neck lymph nodes could not be neglected.Functional neck dissection should include the lymph nodes of level Ⅲ,especially for cancers located on bucca mucosa and tongue.Bilateral neck dissection is necessary for large primary lesions spreading to the contralateral side.

Objective :To study the effects of NO precursor, L-arginine(L-Arg) and constitutive nitric oxide synthase(cNOS) inhibitor, L-nitroarginine(L-NNA)) on the expression of cNOS in facial nerve and surrounding tissues in traumatic facial paralysis rats. Methods:Facial paralysis was surgicaly created by impact in 57 SD rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups with 18 in each group, another 3 rats were used for morphological study. L-Arg at 40 mg/kg or L-NNA at 50 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected into rats 2 times a day, from 4 days before untill 14 days after surgery(group L-Arg and group L-NNA). In control group(NS) same volume of normal saline was given to the rats after creation of facial paralysis. The facial nerve and surrounding tissue samples were obtained at different time. Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to examine cNOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in facial nerve and surrounding tissues. Results:cNOS immunoreactivity was observed in traumatic facial nerve in L-Arg group 7 days after trauma and in the adjacent muscle in the 3 groups from 6 h to 3 d after trauma. iNOS was found in the paralyzed nerves from 1 d to 7 d after trauma in the 3 groups, and in the adjacent tissues from 6 h to 3 d after trauma in the 3 groups. Conclusions:L-Arg may stimulate constitutive NOS expression in facial nerve and probably promote the nerve regeneration.

The afferent connections of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus in the rat werestudied with retrograde horseradish peroxidase(HRP)method using microinjection andmicroelectrophoretic technique.The microinjection syringe needle or microelectrophoretic pipette was insertedvertically into the brain or in inclined direction through the cerebellum.The results were as follows:Following HRP introduced into the lateral hypothalamic nucleus,labeled neuronswere found in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus,the paraventricular nucleus,thedorsal raphe nucleus,the locus coeruleus and substantia grisea periventricularis inall cases.In most cases,labeled cells were also observed within the lateral septal nucleus,the interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis,the medial preoptic nucleus,the lateralpreoptic nucleus,the supraoptic nucleus,the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus,themedial and central amygdaloid nuclei,the nucleus reunius,the interpeduncular nuc-leus,the nucleus parabrachialis dorsalis,the nucleus parabrachialis ventralis,and thenucleus tractus solitanii.In a few cases,retrograde labeling of neurons was observed within the medialseptal nucleus,pars medialis of the nucleus medialis thalami,the supramammilarynucleus and nucleus raphe medianus.In certain cases,a small number of cells could be found in the dorsal tegmentalnucleus of Gudden and the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi.Among those nuclei,the locus coeruleus,the supraoptic nucleus,the paraventri-cular nucleus and the dorsal parabrachial nucleus were labeled bilaterally.