A psychological contract represents the mutual beliefs,perceptions,and infor-mal obligations in a generalized form between an employer and an employee.Medical universities should attach great importance to the theory of psychological contract when considering how to analyze the cause of teachers’Job burnout and find a solution to it.

Rotavirus is the most common pathogens of diarrheal diseases in children. Rotavirus infection lead to not only gastrointestinal symptoms but also a variety of extraintesu'nal manifestations. The pathogenesis of RV diarrhea and especially RV viremia is related to multiple factors. Rotavirus infectious diarrhea is related to the damaged cell intercellular connections,the non-structural protein 4, heat shock protein hsc70 and other factors. Pathogenesis of RV viremia may be related to the secretion of inflammatory mediators in vivo and expression of cytokines after RV infection.

Objective To explore the effect of baicalin on tumour necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) of immunosuppressed rats infected with Pneumocystis carinii.Methods Forty-nine SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal control(A), immunosuppressed control(B), SMZ/TMP control(C), baicalin prevention(D), low dose(E), moderate dose(F) and high dose(G).Rats of group D received six injections at three-day intervals with 3.5 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate for 3 weeks, while groups B, C, E, F and G received same immunosuppressor but for 6 weeks.Rats in group D were given 100 mg/kg baicalin daily for 5 weeks, and groups C, E, F and G were given 250 mg/kg SMZ+50 mg/kg TMP, low dose 100 mg/(kg?d), moderate dose 200 mg/(kg?d), and high dose 400 mg/(kg?d) baicalin daily for 2 weeks, respectively.At the end of 8th week after immunosppression, the contents of TNF-? and sICAM-1 in peripheral blood were detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and ELISA, respectively.The pathological change of lung was observed by lung imprint smear with gormori methenamine silver(GMS) staining and lung section with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Results The content of TNF-? in group D(2.14?0.14) ng/ml, group E(2.57?0.15) ng/ml, group F(1.46?0.14) ng/ml, group G(1.12?0.13) ng/ml andgroup C(1.59?0.14) ng/ml were higher than that of group A(0.70?0.21)ng/ml(P

Language,as a cartier of specified social culture,is closely and complementarily associated with it.Considering the especial education targets of medical universities and colleges,the present curriculum and the trend of international communication,College English is obliged to focus on humanistic value and necessarily plays its constructive role in heightening students' humanistic quality.

Objective To investigate the relationship between absent end-diastolic velocity (AEDV) in umbilical artery and perinatal outcome,and to explore the effect of termination time of pregnancy on perinatal outcome. Methods Data of thirty five pregnant women with AEDV admitted into Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.According to gestational age and treatment,they were divided into four groups.Group 1:AEDV was identified before 28 weeks without treatment (n=5); Group 2:AEDV was found before 28 weeks,and then was treated (n=13); Group 3:AEDV was found after 28 weeks,and was not treated (n=11); Group 4:AEDV was found after 28 weeks,and then was treated (n=6). Except for three patients in Group 2,all patients had complications.Data were presented by frequency,rate or mean±SD. Results Among the 35 patients,19 (54.3％) delivered and 23 living children were born.When AEDV was found,the gestational age was less than 28 weeks and the mean gestational age was (22.8 ± 2.2) weeks in Group 1,(24.2 ± 2.0) weeks in Group 2,however,the gestational age was over 28 weeks and the mean value was (30.9± 2.8) weeks in Group 3 and (29.5±0.8) weeks in Group 4.Treatment was given to women in Groups 2 and 4,but not in Group 1 and 3.In Group 1,one patient complicated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome; one with hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes and low platelet syndrome and placental abruption; three recovered after two weeks and babies survived.In Group 2,the termination time was (31.4 ± 5.5)gestational weeks and the duration of treatment was (10.7± 5.5) days.AEDV of six patients were not improved after treatment,among which five accepted induced abortion,one had preterm delivery.The rest six women underwent cesarean section and one term delivered.Babies survived except for one preterm neonate and one lost in follow-up.In Group 3,the termination time was (31.2 ± 2.9)gestational weeks.Five patients accepted artificial abortion for severe complications of mother or babies; the other six patients accepted cesarean section,among which one complicated with placental abruption and baby died.The rest five babies survived.In Group 4,the pregnancies were terminated at an average of (32.8±2.9) gestational weeks and the duration of treatment was (10.8±6.7) days.Two accepted induction after treatment and four recovered to normal after treatment and accepted cesarean section with four wellbeing babies. Conclusions Perinatal outcomes of patients with AEDV complicated with severe complications after active treatment might relate to the termination time.Some patients with AEDV without severe complications might recover spontaneously with good prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of two sputum aspirations on old critical patients.Methods Sixty elderly critical patients were divided into the experiment group and control group in equal number.The former group received sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe and the control group by oronasal airpipe.The two groups were compared in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen.Result The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen(both P<0.05).Conclusion Sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe is effective in the aspiration of secretions from respiratory tract and the reduced effect of saturation of blood oxygen.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the renal protective effects of ramipril and atorvastatin used in combination or alone for diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: 54 patients were randomly assigned to receive ramipril 5 mg q.d (Group A), atorvastatin 10 mg q.d (Group B) or ramipri 5mg qd + atorvastatin 10mg q.d (Group C) for 18wk. RESULTS: After 18-week treatment, levels of both urine protein and blood lipid decreased in all the three groups (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Either Ramipril or Atorvastatin alone had satisfactory effect on diabetic neph-ropathy, but a more remarkable protection effect on kidney was noted when they used in combination.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of highly agglutinative staphylococcin injection at high dose combined with oxaliplatin or cisplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion in the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion. Methods:Totally 60 patients with malignant peritoneal effusion were divided into two groups,32 cases in group A,and 28 cases in group B. Group A was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage,and group B was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage. All patients underwent the treatment once a week,and continuous four weeks for a courese. The clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The complete response rate of group A was 18. 8% ,and the total effective rate was 90. 7% ,which were both significantly higher than those of group B(P < 0. 05). The incidence of abdominal pain in group A was higher than that in group B(P < 0. 05),while there were no significant differences in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions and the other symptoms between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Conclusion:Staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion is more effective than staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin. Although abdominal pain in group A is obvious,the patients are able to tolerate with it after the symptomatic treatment,therefore,staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion can be used as one of effective methods for the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion.

OBJECTIVE To search the methods of decreasing the missing report of nosocomial infection cases with a prospective monitoring method.METHODS To summarize the methods and measures that had been adopted for ten years.RESULTS There were four important means to decrease the missing report of nosocomial infection cases with a prospective monitoring method.The measures included combining prospective monitoring method and(retrospective) monitoring method at the beginning of taking prospective monitoring method,taking the right(methods),devising careful and precise researching procedure,reinforcing to propagandize and educate the(knowledge) of nosocomial infection to enhance the understanding of medical personnel to control nosocomial(infection),and analyzing and feedbacking the data of nosocomial infection with a prospective monitoring method.CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to develop the prospective monitoring method of investigating nosocomial(infection) as perfectly as possible.It can not only decrease the missing report of nosocomial infection with(prospective)(monitoring) method,but also effectively clue on trend of outbreak and epidemic of nosocomial infection.

Pharmacological actions of praziquantel against schistosome adult worms are thought to be directly linked to the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. The voltage-gated Ca2+ channel is an important factor in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ level. Studies have revealed that Ca2+ channel subunits may be the target for the action of praziquantel. This review summarizes the progress on the structure and function of the Ca2+ channel of Schistosoma spp and other Platyhelminths as well as the role of Ca2+ channel in action of praziquantel.