In the first half year of 2016,the U.S. food and drug administration(FDA)approved 9 new molecular entities and 8 new biologic license applications. According to the prescription information for professionals,this article introduces the description, mechanism of action and clinical studies;briefly describes the box warning,indications and usage,dosage and administration,dos?age form and strength,contraindications,warning and precautions,adverse reactions,drug interaction and use in special population of these new drugs. In addition,the first and critical events in the history of new drug development and reaserch are emphasized.

Objective To explore the related risk factors of esophageal variceal bleeding (BEV).Methods 69 liver cirrhosis patients with BEV were selected as the observation group.60 liver cirrhosis patients with no BEV were selected as the control group.The two groups were observed of age and the degree of esophageal varices,portal vein diameter (PVD),splenic vein diameter(SVD),thickness of spleen(SPT),the maximum depth of ascites fluid dark area (ASmax) and other related ultrasound index.Laboratory indexes were including prothrombin time (PT),serum total bilirubin (TBIL),serum albumin(ALB).Results The average age of the observation group was (52.71 ± 4.33) years old,which was higher than (46.83 ± 5.19) years old of the control group (t =4.08,P ＜0.05).The liver function(Child-pugh) Grade A and grade C in the observation group patients were 78.33％ and 0.00％,and compared with the control group,the difference was significant statistically (x2 =4.97,P ＜ 0.05).Esophageal varices with severe and mild of the observation group were 80.00％ and 1.67％,and compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =4.08,5.48,P ＜0.05).RC of the observation group was 78.33％,which was higher than 30.43％ of the control group(x2 =5.11,P ＜ 0.05).PVD,SVD,SPT and ASmax of the observation group were (16.05 ±3.14)mm,(11.24 ±3.21)mm,(46.90 ±6.26)mm and (57.91 ±6.11)mm,respectively,and compared with the control group,the differences were significant statistically (t =4.37,6.12,5.18,7.22,all P ＜ 0.05).PT of the observation group was (17.66 ± 2.08) s,which was higher than (13.93 ± 1.67) s of the control group (t =4.75,P ＜0.05).TBIL of the observation group was (172.63 ± 16.50) μmol/L,which was higher than (138.44 ± 12.71) μmol/L of the control group(t =5.44,P ＜ 0.05).ALB of the observation group patients was (27.36 ± 3.44) g/L,which was lower than (30.85 ± 2.75) g/L of the control group(t =7.09,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Age,liver function,PT and RC,PT,ASmax,PVD were related risk factors of patients with BEV.

In the first half year of 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) approved 11 new molecular entities and 5 new biologic license applications. According to the prescription information for professionals, this article introduces the description, mechanism of action and clinical studies; briefly describes the box warning, indications and usage, dosage and administration, dosage form and strength, contraindications, warning and precautions, adverse reactions, drug interaction and use in special population of these new drugs. In addition, the first and critical events in the history of new drug reaserch and development are emphasized.

In the first half of 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 46 new drugs, including 10 new molecular entities and 10 new biologic license applications. According to the prescription information for professionals, this article introduces the description, mechanism of action and clinical studies, briefly describs the box warning, indications and usage, dosage and administration, dosage form and strength, contraindications, warning and precautions, adverse reactions, drug interaction and use in special population of these new drugs. In addition, the “first events” in the history of new drug research, development and approval are also discussed.

In the second half of 2016,the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved 7 new molecular entities and 3 new Biologic License Application(BLA), the lowest number in recent years. According to the prescription information for profes-sionals,this article introduced the description,mechanism of action and clinical studies and briefly describes the boxed warning,indi-cations and usage,dosage and administration,dosage form and strength,contraindications,warning and precautions,adverse reac-tions,drug interaction and the use in the special population. In addition,the first and critical events in the history of new drug develop-ment and reaserch were emphasized.

In the Qing Dynasty,TANG Rong-chuan holded that 'qi blocked by blood would result in pain,and blood vaporized by qi would change into pus'.Take the surgical disease for example,pathogens of sore would be easily expelled by vigorous qi,on the contrary,if qi was deficient the pathogens of sore would be hardly expelled.Qi was water,qi reached so water reached.So the blood changed into pus which liked water-shape in terms of qi.Wound would maturate after was touched with water.Water was the essence of qi.So,blood stasis would transform into sore when it was influenced by qi.Whereas,the blood stasis was still blood without the influence of qi.Blood obeyed to qi,qi controlled blood flow.So,in clinic,the blood disease should be treated by regulating qi.Qi and blood played important role in the occurrence,development,prognosis and the treatment of the sore disease.

Objective The present study aimed at the effect observation of vocal polyps treated with CO2 laser and laryngeal microsurgery. Methods The subjects were 60 patients, 30 were treated by CO2 laser and 30 by laryngeal microsurgery. A set of tests had been routinely used for vocal polyp patients in this study. The tests included(1) indirect laryngoscopic examination,(2)voice analysis: PPQ(pitch perturbation quotient), APQ(amplitude perturbation quotient), H/N(harmonics to noise ratio).(3)psychoacoustic evaluation: GRBAS method: Grade(G), Rough(R), Breathy(B), Asthenic(A), Strained(S). Results After operation, the recovery time of vocal cord for CO2 laser treated group was longer than that in the laryngeal microsurgery group. The acoustic parameters PPQ for CO2 laser group were larger than that in the laryngeal microsurgery group, moreover H/N values were smaller than that in laryngeal microsurgery group. The psychoacoustic evaluation for CO2 laser group was rough and strained, and for laryngeal microsurgery group was only rough. Conclusion The curative effect of laryngeal microsurgery is definite. Microsurgery is better than CO2 laser when recovery time and vocal function improvement are considered.

The new curriculum reform brought forth under the context of a new round of knowledge transformation has endowed teaching process with new meanings. A new type of teacher-student realationship characteristized with equality, democracy and dialogue is the precondition of successful teaching under the context of new curriculum reform; Knowledge and meaning reconstruction by the way of presetting and generating is the main feature of teaching process; The development process consisting of knowledge and life of both teachers and students is the ideal goal of new curriculum reform.

BACKGROUND:Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but it is uncertain that TMP inhibit the growth and proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of TMP on the proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.DESIGN:Repetitive measurement and observation.SETTING:School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratory Center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology from March to June in 2007. Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology. TMP hydrochloride injection was produced by Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Products Limited (Lot number:011014), protamine sulfate injection was produced by Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceuticals (Batch number:010302), and immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from Boster company.METHODS:①Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells at log phase were used for the experiments. Cells were treated with 100 μg/L VEGF, and then TMP at final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L was added into culture medium. While the cells in medium without TMP were taken as blank control group, and the cells in medium with 20 mg/L protamine as positive control group. Meanwhile cells without treatment of VEGF were served as VEGF control group. After cells were incubated for 48 hours, the growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells was detected by MTT assay.②After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP at the final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF in HL-60 cells was examined by SP immunohistochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells.②Protein expression of VEGF.RESULTS:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells:After HL-60 cells induced by VEGF were treated with 15 and 150 mg/L TMP, the absorbance value was significantly lower than that in VEGF control group (P < 0.05).②Protein expression of VEGF:After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF was down-regulated with increasing TMP concentration in a dependent manner. Significant differences were observed in the protein expression of VEGF between cells treated by TMP and the controls (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:TMP can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells stimulated by VEGF and down-regulate the expression of VEGF.

Objective To explore the effect of methylprednisolone combined with high dose immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treatment of severe bullous skin disease. Methods 51 cases of severe bullous skin diseases were randomly divided into control group and observation group and control group received conventional methylprednisolone treatment on the basis of the observation group in this high-dose injection combined with IVIg,therapeutic effect were observed.Results The observation group hospitalization days ( 15.6 ± 6. 2) d, hormone usage ( 87. 6 ± 13.7 ) mg, hormone reduction time(8. 6 ±2. 4) d,were obviously lower than the control group(23. 1 ±6. 3)d,( 105.3 ± 1.64) mg, ( 13.8 ±4. 1 ) d ( t = 2. 771,3. 102,3. 219, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The observation group total effective rate was significantly higher than the control group( x2 =6. 248,P ＜0. 05). The observation group therapy effect-acting period and obviously subsidise lesions time was(8. 9 ±2. 4)d, (17.6 ±3. 7)d respectively,were significantly lower than the control group( 13. 1 ±3. 8) d, (23. 6 ± 5. 1 ) d, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 2. 893,3. 347, P ＜0. 05). The observation group complication occurred in 5 cases were lower than those of the control group of 9 cases (x2 = 5.245 ,P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Methylprednisolone combined with high dose IVIg treatment of severe bullous skin disease could shorten the course and speed up the restoration of skin lesions, reduce and alleviate the glucocorticoid dosage and side effects, improve the cure rate , and it was worthy of promotion.