To investigate the changes in the activated T-lymphocyte CD3/HLA-DR and CD3/CD(16+56) populations in peripheral blood of the patients with allogeneic hand transplantation, lymphocytes from peripheral blood of the patients at different time points were immunologically labeled with dual color fluoresecent monoclonal antibodies CD3/CD(16+56) and CD3/HLA-DR, mono-color fluoresecent monoclonal antibody CD25. CD25, CD3/CD(16+56), and CD3/HLA-DR were determined with flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of activated T-lymphocyte (CD25 +,CD3 +/HLA-DR + ), silent T-lymphocyte [CD3 +/CD(16+56) -,CD3 +/HLA-DA - ] decreased significantly during the first week after transplantation and then increased gradually to the pre-operafive level. Nature killer cells [CD3 -/CD(16+56) +] increased significantly at the first day after transplantation, then decreased sharply and maintained a lower level. The results suggest that immunosuppressive agents have significantly effects on lymphocyte subsets in allogenaic hand transplanted patients, and dynamic determination of HLA-DR, CD3 /CD(16+56) could be valuable in immunomonitoring after allogeneichand transplantation.

Objective The expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor Ⅰ (TGF?RⅠ) and transforming growth factor beta receptor Ⅱ (TGF?RⅡ) in the synovium and the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis were studied,to explore the possible relationship between the transforming growth factor beta receptor and the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis.Method The distribution and positive levels of TGF?RⅠ,TGF?RⅡ and TGF? 1 in the synovium and articular cartilage from 26 patients with osteoarthritis and 3 patients with trauma were studied,using Immunohistochemial methods.Results Immunohistochemical staining of TGF?RⅠ showed positive in all synovial samples in patients with osteoarthritis.The positive staining of TGF?RⅠ was found in most synovial lining cells,endotheliocyte and the macrophage in subsynovial layer with osteoarthritis,especially macrophage like synoviocyte.The positive particles were distributed in the cytoplasma.The distribution and staining levels of TGF?RⅡ in synovium and articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis were similar to those of TGF?RⅠ.Positive stainings for TGF?RⅠ, TGF?RⅡ and TGF? 1 were found in over half of chondrocytes.Conclusion It is suggested that vehicles of signal trasmission of TGF? are rich in the synovial membrane and cartilage.There is an important effect of TGF? receptor on inhibiting inflammatory process and helping to repair local tissue.

Objective To study the interaction between human microRNA ( miRNA) and 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus genome from the perspective of bioinformatics so as to facilitate prevention and treatment of Ebola virus .Method The miRNA target prediction software Pita and RNAhybrid were used to predict the human miRNAs which could bind the 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus genomes before the miRNAs were annotated by g:Profiler web server .Results and Conclusion There may be complex interactions between human miRNAs and the 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus .Previous reports about the interaction between host miRNA and 5′trailer region of virus genome suggest that the interaction between human miRNA and 5′trailer region of Ebola virus may have effect on replication of Ebola virus and human cells .This work may provide new ideas on prevention and treatment of Ebola virus .

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of the pregnant women, who were positive for syphilis in serological test, as well as their final pregnant results. Methods we conducted a retrospective analysis of the serological test results of 3 105 pregnant women subjected to childbirth or induced labor in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics at our hospital since January of 2004. Results Of the 3105 pregnant women, 21 (6.76 ) were positive for treponema pallidum (TP). Additionally, 7 (33.33%) cases were positive for TRUST, and 6 (28.57%) negative. Only 2 cases showed skin lesion, canker and soft chancre. Of the 18 cases, who were found to get infection during pregnancy, 11 (61.11%) had taken the treatment against syphilis. Of the 21 women positive for TP, 5 were subjected to induced labor, 13 to cesarean section, and 3 to spontaneous parturition. The average time of pregnancy was (267.44?11.00) d. The Apgar score of all 16 newborns was 10 at birth. The umbilical blood of 5 infants was tested by TP and TRUST, among which 3 were positive by TP, 2 were positive for TRUST. All infants did not have any clinical manifestation of congenital syphilis after birth. There were 5 cases transferred to the ward of pediatrics, among which 2 undertook the treatment against syphilis, 2 against premature delivery, and 1 against asphyxia, and finally all had been cured. Conclusion The patients, who were found positive for TP during the early and middle period of pregnancy, can obtain a fine pregnant result, if undertaking regular examination and treatment against syphilis.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the clinical features and the dysfunction and derangement of knee osteoarthritis(OA),in order to improve the understanding of knee OA.Methods Clinical data including symptoms,physical signs,X-ray,arthroscopical findings,pathologic changes,preopera-tive and postoperative diagnosis,treatment and curative effects from206post-arthroscopy patients with OA were analyzed retrospectively.Results The common physical signs were tenderness in knee,positive grinding test of patella,McMurray sign,fricative,muscular atrophy of quadriceps femoris,and stretch or flexion limita-tion.X-ray abnormalities were found as follows in decreasing freguency:bony hyperplasia,articular facet sclero-sis,osteoporosis,uneven articular surface,narrowing of joint space and loose bodies.Arthroscopical findings were as follows:synovial congestion and proliferation,hypertrophy or entrapment of fat pad,osteophyte,syn-ovial fold entrapment,stripping of cartilage,meniscal lesions,subchondral bone exposure,anterior cruciate lig-ament friction or obstruction,and loose bodies.The common diseases that liable to misdiagnosis preoperatively were synovial chondroma,anterior cruciate ligament impingement syndrome and meniscal lesions.The rate of excellent and good results after arthroscopic treatment was86.6%.Conclusion Hypertrophy and entrapment of fat pad,thickening and entrapment of synovial fold,stripping of cartilage,meniscal lesions,anterior cruciate ligament friction or obstruction,and loose bodies are the key factors that cause knee dysfunction in OA.The arthroscopic treatment is an effective supplement in treating knee OA.

BACKGROUND: Improper practice during military training is likely to cause various training wounds, among which patellar tendinosis is the common one.OBJECTIVE: To explore the onset characteristics of patellar tendinosis caused by military training and incidence changes after the implementation of interventions.DESIGN:Sampling investigation.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of Chinese PLA Garrison in Hong Kong PARTICIPANTS: Male army soldiers aged 18-24 years were recruited from a full-time training army in August 2000 (non-intervention group) and August 2001 (intervention group). The same training program was carried out among the 2,783 soldiers in non-intervention group and 5,824 soldiers in the intervention group.METHODS: The investigation group was composed of medical workers with senior and intermediate professional titles. Uniform diagnostic standard was made before the investigation, and questionnaire survey wascombined with on-the-spot inspection on soldiers who complained about knee joint pain following training. Those who conformed to the diagnosis were inquired of their training state in detail and possible causes; meanwhile knee X-ray examination was also conducted. Soldiers in the non- intervention group were subjected to the investigation of the incidence and cause of patellar tendinosis due to fulltime training without given any preventive intervention. By contrast, soldiers in the intervention group were given preventive and therapeutic interventions and then subjected to the investigation into the interventional outcomes one year later.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of patellar tendinosis in soldiers of the two groups.RESULTS: The first and second investigations were conducted on the 2 783 soldiers and 5 824 soldiers, respectively. All of them entered the rediers of the non-intervention group (the incidence of 0.61%) as compared to 15 soldiers in the intervention group (the incidence of 0.26%) (P＜0.01).tenderness. Patel1ar bone X-ray inspection on 12 of them displayed patellar ciated with run-jump training projects; 23 cases were caused by 400 mbarrier training and 7 cases by 5 km cross-country training.CONCLUSION: Patellar tendinosis during military training is mostly caused by run-jump training and can be remarkably prevented by preventive interventions.

Objective To develop a simple and quick method for detection of stress-induced 5′transfer RNA( tRNA) halves.Methods Total RNA purified from stress induced cells was polyadenylated by poly( A) polymerase, and then degen-erate DNA probes were used to hybridize with 3′tRNA-halves of intact tRNAs,while RNase H specifically degraded the 3′tRNA-halves strand in tRNA-DNA probes hybrids.Using the RNase H digestion total RNA as templates, complementary DNA( cDNA) was synthesized by oligo ( dT) n-anchored primers.The primer of 5′tRNA halves and anchored-primer were used to amplify 5′tRNA halves by PCR.Results The results showed that the method of poly ( A )-tailed-RNase H digestion-RT-PCR could be successfully used to detect stress-induced 5′tRNA halves.Conclusion A simple and quick method for detection of 5′tRNA halves has been established,which is a user-friendly tool for 5′tRNA halves detection and function research.

Objectives To assess the clinical value of ultrasonography (US) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in analyzing abdominal fat contents of obese children and adolescents through comparison with MRI. A correlation with other obese related metabolic parameters was conducted. Methods Ninety 7-17-y-old obese children and adolescents (60 boys and 30 girls with mean age of 9.6 ± 2.9 y and mean BMI of 24.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were recruited. Metabolic parameters were measured, and insulin resistance was estimated according to homeostasis model assess-ment (HOMA-IR). On the same day abdomen subcutaneous fat thickness (SFTUS) was measured by US. Body fat mass (FMBIA) and abdominal visceral fat area (VFABIA) were analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). After obtaining informed consent, abdominal MRI was performed in 20 subjects. Each section of umbilicus level was analyzed by image threshold value segmentation using SigmaScan Pro 5 and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFAMRI) and visceral fat area (VFAMRI) were calculated. Results (1) A strong positive association was found between SFTUS and SFAMRI (P< 0.05), VFABIA and VFAMRI (P < 0.01) respectively. (2) FMBIA and SFAMRI, VFAMRI, SFTUS also showed significant correlations (P < 0.05). (3) VFAMRI showed extremely significant positive correlations with TG, Insulin,C-peptide and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01 ) ; SFAMRI was also correlated positively with them (P < 0.05). (4) SFTUS was correlated positively with UA (uric acid), Insulin, 2HIns (insulin measured at 2 hours after meal), C-peptide,2HC-peptide (C-peptide measured at 2 hours after meal) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). (5) VFABIA was correlated significant positively with UA, insulin, TG, 2HIns and HOMA-IR. FMBIA showed positive correlation with UA, Insulin,2HIns, C-peptide, 2HC-peptide and HOMA-IR. Conclusions abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat of obese children and adolescents evaluated by US and BIA are correlated well with those assessed by MRI, and also correlated well with TG, insulin, C-peptide and other metabolic biochemical parameters. Our data support the value of using cost effective, simple and convenient methods such as BIA and US to evaluate the obese and related metabolic risk of children and adolescents in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of click -auditory brainstem response (ABR) in nor-mal infants of 1 to 6 months old ,and to establish the normative values for latencies of Wave I ,III ,V and interpeak latencies of I- Ⅲ ,III-V and I-V for younger infants .Methods Click auditory brainstem responses were recorded from infants within 6 months :166 infants of 1 -months old(269 ears) ,141 2 -month old (226 ears) ,111 3 -months old(177 ears) ,58 4-months old(96 ears) ,78 5-months old(121 ears) and 45 6-months old(76 ears) .We compared the latencies of wave I ,III ,V and interpeak latencies of I - Ⅲ ,III-V ,I-V obtained from infants of differ-ent ages at different stimulus intensities .Results The average threshold of 1 to 6 months infants was 16 .18 ± 5 .35 dB nHL ,the average latency of Wave V was 9 .03 ± 0 .49 ms .The differences among the thresholds were statistical-ly insignificant(P>0 .05) .Wave I ,III and V were noticeable in all ears tested at 80 dB nHL .Wave I disappeared first as the stimulus intensity decreased ,and the latencies of Wave I ,III and V prolonged;on the contrary ,interpeak latencies of I -III ,III-V ,I-V shortened significantly .At the same stimulus intensity ,the latencies of Wave III , V and the interpeak latencies of I - Ⅲ ,III-V ,I-V shortened significantly except for Wave I .When comparing the differences among the testing parameters as a function of each month ,we found that there were statistically signifi-cant differences for the latencies of wave III ,V and the interpeak latencies of I -III ,III-V ,I-V before the 4 months old(P<0 .05) ,and there were no significant differences after 4 months old(P>0 .05) .Conclusion It is recommen-ded that 16 .18 ± 5 .35 dB nHL be used as the normative references for the evoked threshold of click auditory brain-stem responses for 1~6 month old infants .The development of central nervous system below the inferior calicles is fast before the 4 months old .

Objective To investigate the clinical results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction by double bundle-double tunnel Y-shape of the anterior tibialis tendon allograft. Methods From March 2001 to January 2008, 47 patients underwent PCL reconstruction were included. The allogeneic adult anterior tibialis tendon was prepared into the Y-shape double bundles with the length of 130 mm; A bundle was defined as A-side; B-side was two short bundle (B1, B2 bundle). A bundle was 70 mm in length with a diameter of 10-12 mm. B1 bundle (anterolateral bundle) was 55 mm long with a diameter of 6 mm; B2 bundle(posteromedial bundle) was about 50 mm with a diameter of 6 mm. The allograft ligament was installed through the antero-medial approach. Absorbable interface screws were fixed in the tibial tunnel firstly, and then in the femoral tundles. When being fixed, anterolateral bundle was in flexion of 90°, postero-medial bundle was in 30°. Assisted exercise with knee an angle-locked walking aid had continued for 8-10 weeks. Results The average operating time were 45 min. The average follow-up time was 49.5 months. Preoperative Lachmann was positive in all cases while Lachmann was negative in 39 cases, weakly positive in 5 cases, and positive in 4 cases postoperatively. Post-operative KT-1000 testing, Lysholm score and Tegner activity levels has improved significantly compare with the pre-operative ones. Conclusion The double folded bundles of adult anterior tibialis tendon has sufficient length and diameter for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with power tension. The methods of ligament passing through the tunnel has improved to ease the procedure.