Calmodulin,as an important signaling regulatory protein,widely exists in eukaryotic cells and participates in a variety of physiological activities.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative diseasemostly affecting the old people.Senile plaques (SP) caused by amyloid protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF) caused by over-phosphorylation of Tau protein in the brain are the two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD.Neuronal apoptosis induced by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis also plays a significant role during this pathological process.Recent studies have found that calcium and its downstream receptor,calmodulin,are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progress of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the current development and the latest research progress on the effects of calmodulin on β-amyloid protein generation and deposition,neurofibrillary tangle formation,synaptic plasticity in AD around the world,comprehensively discusses the role of calmodulin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To report the first case of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome in China. Methods The clinical data, transmission electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis of this patient were evaluated. Results The patient was a 3-year-old girl who presented increased skin fragility with trauma-induced, blisters and erosions, combined with short and sparse hair, finger-and toe-nail dystrophy and palmoplantar keratoderma. Transmission electron microscopy showed a loss of keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion, widening of intercellular spaces and a reduced number of hypoplastic desmosomes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a complete absence of staining for plakophilin 1. Conclusion Ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by clinical manifestations as well as electron microscopic features and immunohistochemical evidence.

The paper states the superiority of optimizing the teaching effect of clinical medicine by making use of information technology,analyzes the problems of information technology in optimizing the classroom teaching of clinical medicine,discusses the strategy of teaching with information technology in the aspect of classroom teaching structure,and thus reaches the effect of improving teaching efficiency and quality.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect and some related fators of the improved lacrimal duct flushing technique for the adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis in the primary hospital.Methods Fifty -seven adult patients (fifty -seven eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis received the improved lacrimal duct flushing treatment.Fifty -seven patients were divided into two groups according to the first time to see a doctor and receive the improved lacrimal duct flushing treatment cooperated with drug application and assistant therapies.The effect and safety of the treatment and some related factors were analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference between the overall efficency of the two groups(A group 76.2%,B group 72.2%,χ2 =0.108,P =0.987 >0.05).The innero-cular pressures showed no statistical difference between pre -treatment and 1 month after treatment(the pre -treat-ment innerocular pressure:18.470,the post -treatment innerocular pressure:18.512,t =-0.315,P =0.754 >0.05).The correlation analysis between the conditions of lacrimal passages and treatment effect(r =0.814,r2 =0.663,P =0.002 <0.05),between the germiculture of the discharge of lacrimal sac and treatment effect(r =0.814, r2 =0.663,P =0.000 <0.05) showed statistical significance.Conclusion The improved lacrimal duct flushing technique cooperated with drug application and assistant therapies is safe and well effective to the adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis in the early stage.

Objective To evaluate arterial reconstruction of traumatic iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in parenteral drug abusers.Methods Data of 21 consecutive patients who presented with iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with the diameter ranging from 3.0 cm～7.5 cm secondary to parenteral drug abuse from 2004 to 2007 were analyzed.Fifteen patients were male and the median age was 3 1.3 years.the aneurysm involved the common femoral artery and distal external iliac artery.Autologous greater saphenous vein was used as a graft for arterial reconstruction after iliac-femoral artery pseudoaneurysm excision through a single curved inguinal incision.Results The surgical procedure was successful in all 21 eases without intraoperative mortality and severe complications.All the 21 patients were free of postoperative claudication symptoms except 1 case with preoperative popliteal artery stenosis.Wound infection and tissue fistula developed in one ease.Ingunal incisional hematoma and cutaneous abnormal sensation developed in one each eases.Conclusions The use of autologous greater saphenous venous grafts for aaefial reconstruction after false aneurysm excision in drug abusers is safe and effective.The harvest of the greater saphenous vein is precondition of this precedure.These preliminary results indicate that the implementation of this technique offers advantages compared with the artery ligation alone without revascularization,that is frequently associated with later intermittent claudication.

Objective·To compare the stress distribution at abutments, edentulous ridge, and peri-implant tissue under the vertical load between the RPI-type removable partial denture supported by implants with different diameter and the conventional RPI-type removable partial denture using a three-dimensional photoelastic method. Methods·The mandibular Kennedy I type denture defect models were fabricated according to the standard mandibular model. Four Straumann system soft tissue level implants with different diameters (two 4.1 mm implants and two 3.3 mm implants) were implanted into the bilateral first molar areas. Planting nails and epoxy resin teeth were inversely put into the mandibular silicone rubber molds to fabricate the epoxy resin photoelastic models and the regular neck (RN) healing abutments were screwed into the implants. A simulated alveolar mucosa with thickness of 2mm and a conventional RPI-type removable partial denture were placed on the epoxy resin models with or without implants. Then a force of 1 kg was vertically applied by a bite force loading device which fixed the model and denture in the centric occlusion. After the stress was frozen, model slices at different areas were cut and the stress fringes were observed. The stress was calculated according to the fringe value of per unit thickness. Results·For the conventional RPI-type removable partial denture, the maximum stress of distal abutment was mainly concentrated on the apical regions and the maximum stress of edentulous ridge was concentrated on the first molar area, particular on the lingual side of alveolar bone. For the implant-supported RPI-type removable partial denture, the maximum stress of distal abutment was lower than that of the conventional RPI-type removable partial denture, and the maximum stress of edentulous ridge (without the implants) was similar to that of abutment and supporting tissues and was lower than that of the conventional RPI-type removable partial denture. The stress around the implant was the largest and the peri-apical stress of implant was greater than the neck stress of implant. Meanwhile, the maximum stress around the implant was increased with the decrease of implant diameter. Conclusion·Compared to the conventional RPI-type removable partial denture, removable partial dentures supported by implants are more stable with a more balanced stress distribution in supporting tissues, thus benefit the health of abutments and supporting tissues.

0.05).2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg avermetine groups can increased the activity of LDH,GS,CK in cerebrum,and decreased the activity of CaN in cerebrum,compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion Avermectine may cause the toxic effect in rat nervous system through creating the nerve metabolism enzyme activity.

AIM: To qualitatively detect the concentration of recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)[rhGLP-1(7-36)] in human blood.METHODS: RhGLP-1(7-36) concentrations of standard and blood samples were detected by ELISA kits.RESULTS: The parameters of specificity,sensitivity,detection limits,reproducibiltiy and recovery can meet the requirements for pharmacokinetic studies.CONCLUSION: The concentration measuring method of rhGLP-1(7-36) in blood samples using ELISA kit produced by LINCO company can meet the detection methods of biological production,which can be used as a measuring method of rhGLP-1(7-36) concentration and for its pharmacokinetic studies.

BACKGROUND:Whether a long-term use of acid-suppressive medication for over 3 years can increase the risk of fractures, remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the effect of acid-suppressive medication on fracture risk.
METHODS:Clinical trials about the relationship of acid-suppressive medication use and risk of osteoporosis-related fractures were searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and CNKI database. We also manual y searched some published and unpublished references. Study selection and assessment, data col ection and analyses were undertaken by two reviewers independently. The Cochrane Col aboration’s RevMan 5.0 software was used for data analyses.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After a comprehensive search, 11 original clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis, including 3 nested case-control studies, 5 case-control studies, and 3 cohort studies. Patients with fractures were more likely than controls to have previously received supply of proton pump inhibitors [odds ratio (OR)=1.29, 95%confidence interval (CI) (1.18-1.41), P<0.001]. The meta-analysis did not find a significant difference in the patients who received H2 receptor antagonists [OR=1.10, 95%CI (0.99-1.23), P=0.34]. A long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of fracture in elderly persons already at a risk for osteoporosis.

Objective Our aim was to investigate the association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL)and mean platelet volume (MPV)values,in order to evaluate the etiology of SSHL.Methods This study included 40 patients with SSHL in our ward between Jan.2012 and Jan.2014 and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as controls.The correlation among the levels of the number of platelets,mean plate-let volume(MPV),platelet distribution width (PDW)was evaluated in the two groups.ResuIts The platelet count was significantly lower in the SSHL than the control group(212.0±47.9 versus 237.8±46.2 ×109/L).MPV and PDW were significantly higher in SSHL(10.9±0.8 versus 10.3±0.8 fL;12.9%±2.0% versus 12.0%±1.3 %). The SSHL patients were divided two subgroups:the mild-moderate subgroup (hearing loss 25~70 dB)and the se-vere subgroup(hearing loss≥70 dB).The MPV values were insignificantly different between the two subgroups(11. 0±1.1 fL versus 10.8 ±1.0 fL).Compared to the control group,the two subgroups had both significant differ-ences in MPV.ConcIusion High MPV values are a risk factor for thrombotic vascular diseases.Considering the in-creased MPV levels,SSHL appears to be characterized by ischaemic or thrombotic events.