Comprehensive evaluation for colleges of stomatology is a complex systematic engineering, which is affected by the determination of index and weight. Based on the previous research results,this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation index for colleges of stomatology in China by applying Delphi method,carrying out two-round consultation to 45 experts,which includes 4 first layer indicators and 21 second layer indicators.

Positive and meaningful exploration was conducted by related teachers to improve the teaching quality of oral clinical pharmacology.Case based teaching method was applied in the teaching of adverse reactions and bilingual teaching was employed in the teaching of local anesthesia.Correlation and comparison of the key knowledge points were emphasized in the teaching process. Students′ interests were aroused and satisfactory results were achieved through implementing these measures.

Objective To present the authors' initial experience of treating auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with ethanol embolization and to assess the clinical effectiveness of this therapeutic method. Methods Twenty-two patients with AVMs were enrolled in this study. Through local puncturing or super-selective catheterization the absolute ethanol, or diluted alcohol (based on the pattern of the AVMs), was manually injected into the abnormal vascular plexus of the auricular lesion. The clinical results were estimated with physical examination or angiography at intervals of 3 ～ 4 month, and telephone questionnaire was made at monthly intervals for all patients. Results Thirty-eight ethanol embolization procedures were performed, the amount of ethanol used during the procedure ranged from 4 ml to 65 ml. After the treatment the clinical symptoms were improved, which were manifested as healing of the ulceration, stop of bleeding, disappearing or alleviation of tinnitus. Angiographic examination showed that the abnormal vascular lesion was completely vanished in 9 cases, decreased by 50% -75% in 8 cases and decreased less than 50% in remaining 5 cases. The common complications included irreversible local necrosis and vesiculation. Conclusion For the treatment of auricular AVMs ethanol embolization is an effective and safe method, which might become the therapy of first choice.

Objective To clarify whether the NADPH oxidases (NOXs) family contributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n =8),sham operation + apocynin treatment group (n =8),UUO operation group (n =8) and UUO operation+apocynin treatment group (n =8).Either vehicle or apocynin (100 mg/kg per day) were given by gavage for 7 days after surgery.Rats were sacrificed at 7th day.ELISA was used to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),and the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoPGF2α) in renal tissue.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2 and NOX4,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) and the level of ERK1/ 2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2).Results UUO rats with vehicle displayed increased oxidative stress,as measured by renal tissue 8-iso-PGF2α,accompanied with increased renal expression of NADPH oxidases (NOX2,1.5-fold and NOX4,1.7-fold,respectively),compared with sham-operated rats (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,vehicle treated UUO rats showed increased renal COL-Ⅰ and α-SMA levels,compared with sham-operated rats (P ＜ 0.05).ERK1/2 was also activated as detected by p-ERK1/2 expression in UUO rats with vehicle (P ＜ 0.05).Apocynin treatment significantly decreased renal tissue 8-iso-PGF2α level and expressions of NOX2 (-28.7％) and NOX4 (-31.0％) in UUO rats,respectively,compared with vehicle treated rats (P ＜ 0.05).And significant decrease of COL-Ⅰ (-26.4％) and α-SMA expression (-80.0％) were also observed (P ＜ 0.05).The activation of ERK1/2 in UUO rats was greatly inhibited by apocynin treatment (P ＜ 0.01).Despite the pronounced dysregulation of pro-oxidative NOXs family,no compensatory increase of antioxidative enzyme activities occurred.Conclusion The NOXs family contributes largely to the production of ROS and subsequent interstitial fibrosis after ureter ligation,and inhibition of the NOXs family may be a choice for preventing interstitial fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Ribavirin is easily diluted by lacrimal fluid and has low bioavailability. In situ ophthalmic gel changes from liquid drug to gel phase upon exposure to physiological conditions, resulting in an increase in the precorneal residence time of drugs. OBJECTIVE: To prepare ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel and valuate its theological feature. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro controlled observation, performed at the Engineering Research Center of Modem Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September and October 2006. MATERIALS: Sodium alginate, Carbopol, and ribavirin. METHODS: Sodium alginate (1% and 2%) and Carbopol (0.3%, 0.6%, and 2%) were combined at different proportions to prepare in sire ophthalmic gel, then in which ribavirin was added. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Viscosity determinations of prepared different concentrations of formulations were determined using a cone and plate viscometer. RESULTS: Ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol had the largest viscosity. The viscosity change was not influenced by the addition of ribavirin. The in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with sodium alginate and Carbopol changed to the gel phase upon exposure to lacrimal fluid. CONCLUSION: 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol produced the best rheological feature and could prolonge the precorneal residence time of drug than that of conventional ophthalmic solution.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of color M-mode Doppler echocardiography (CMM) in assessing left ventricular(LV) diastolic function after mitral valve replacement(MVR). Methods Fifty-two patients who had received the implantation for more than three months were examined by echoeardiography (MVR group). Thirty age and sex-adjusted normal volunteers served as control group. Dimensions of left atrium and ventricle,ejection fraction(EF) and mitral inflow velocity(E) were measured by two-dimensional and Doppler eehocardiography. Color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity(Vp) and TDl-derived diastolic mitral annular velocity(Em) were measured from the apical four-chamber and two-chamber views. Then two new indexes based on the ratio of E to Vp(E/Vp) and E to Era' (E/Em') were while E/Vp and E/Era' increased, there were significant differences(P <0.01). The correlation coefficient and atrial fibrillation(P <20.01) ,however E/Vp was lower affected hy EF or atrial fibrillation(P >0.05). dysfunction were 2.00. Conclusions CMM is an effective technique to assess LV diastolic function after MVR. E/Vp has good consistency with E/Era and may be a potential useful parameter for assessing LV diastolic function.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)in assessing left ventricular(LV)function after mitral valve replacement(MVR).Methods Forty-five patients having their implantations for more than three months were examined by echocardiography and divided into atrial fibrillation group(AF group,n=21)and sinus rhythm group(SR group,n=24).Thirty normal volunteers served as control group.Left atrium and ventricle indexs of cardiac function and mitral inflow velocity(E)were measured by two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography,and TDI-derived systolic mitral annular velocity(Sm),diastolic mitral annular velocity(Em)and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)were measured at the septal and lateral corners of mitral annulus from the apical four-chamber view.Then E/Em ratio was calculated.Results ①Compared with control group,Sm and Em in MVR group were significantly lower and IVRT was higher(P＜0.001),however there were no significant differences between AF group and SR group.② The E/Em ratio in MVR group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.001)and positively correlated with IVRT.The best cutoff value for E/Em ratio was increased of 15 which yielded the sensitivity and specificity in predicting LV diastolic dysfunction were 91.11% and 90.32%,respectively.The area under the ROC curve was 0.9548±0.0402.Conclusions TDI-defived indexes(Sm,Em)can assess LV function accurately and the E/Em ratio,an estimate of myocardial relaxation and LV filling pressures,can be used to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function after MVR.

Analysis on currently used stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China was performed and comparison in stomatology text or reference books between china and American was made.It was found that the types and numbers of stomatology textbooks for both graduates and postgraduates in China were very limited compared with those in American.Many textbooks needed for dental education were insufficient.Great efforts should be made to select relevant topics or titles and to prepare text or reference books accordingly in an aim to meet the needs of today's high quality dental education.

The concept and methods of evidence-based medicine(EBM)has been evolved to impact almost all fields of health care and policy since it first appeared in 1992.but in the field of dentistry or stomatology,many problems remain to be solved in carrying out EBM.The necessity and feasibility of implementing evidence-based dentistry education in China were discussed in this paper for chnical evidence-based decision making and clinical research.The contenk teaching approach and accreditation tools for EBM in dental education were also proposed.

Objective To assess left ventricular systolic strain in patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) by speckle tracking echocardiography. Methods Two-dimensional images were acquired from the apical four-chamber view, two-chamber view and long-axis of the left ventricular view in 30 MVR patients (MVR group) and 30 healthy subjects matched by age and gender(control group), and then were analysed off line to evaluate left ventricular systolic strain. The maximum systolic longitudinal strain(LS) of myocardial segments and global longitudinal strain(GLS) were measured in apical views. Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was calculated using Simpson's method. The correlation between GLS and LVEF was analyzed using Pearson's method. Results Compared with the control group, LS of corresponding segment and GLS in MVR group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), but there were no statistical differences within MVR group(P>0.05). There was a good linear positive correlation between GLS and LVEF in patients (r = 0.710, P <0.01). Conclusions Speckle tracking eehoeardiography is available for measuring left ventricular systolic strain and estimating global systolic function in patients with MVR. Bull's-eye strain map, created by speckle tracking imaging, can achieve an accurate real-time segmental wall motion analysis.