Objective: To explore the influence of public physical education curriculum integrated with physical fitness training on college students’ physical health,and to provide a reference for improving physical health of college students. Methods: A total of 280 freshmen from 6 classes in Qiqihar Medical University were selected, and all the participants were divided into two groups (3 classes in each group). The control group (n=132) received regular public physical education curriculum. The experimental group (n=148) received physical fitness training in addition on the public physical education curriculum. The experiment lasted for one semester. Physical fitness of the two groups of college students were tested, and the changes of physical health of the two groups before and after the experiment were compared. Results: The qualified rate of physical health assessment before the experiment was close to that of the two groups (χ2=0.24，P>0.05). Compared with that before the experiment, the qualified rate of physical health assessment after the experiment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2=22.52，12.39，P<0.05). The scores of physical health assessment of boys and girls in the experimental group after the experiment were significantly higher than those before the experiment (boys:t=6.87,7.99,8.05,5.02,6.94,10.05; girls:t=5.88,6.32,7.08,9.84,6.17,4.06,P<0.05). The test results of vital capacity, 50-meter running, sitting forward bending, standing long jump, pull-up and 1 000-meter running in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group(t=7.26,4.30,8.07,2.34,8.31,4.20,P<0.05). After the experiment, the test scores of vital capacities, 50-metre running, sitting forward bending, standing long jump, sit-up and 800-metre running in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=8.64,5.81,5.53,22.27,9.60,13.06,P<0.05). Conclusion Integrating physical fitness training in college public physical education curriculum can help improve the physique health level of college students, actively reform public physical education curriculum in colleges and universities, and explore the curriculum model suitable for the actual situation of each school is an important way to improve the physique health level of college students.