Objective: To understand the mental sub-health status of Chinese adolescents and its correlation with muscle strength index, and to provide information for relevant research in mental health and muscle strength development of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 year-old in six administrative regions of China were administered with the Adolescent Sub-Health Multidimensional Assessment Questionnaire (MSQA). Muscle strength indicatros were tested and its relations with mental sub-health were analyzed. Results: The detection rates of Chinese adolescents emotional problems, character problems, social adjustment difficulties, and mental sub-health status were 25.5%, 25.0%, 16.0%, and 19.7%, respectively. The detection rates of mental sub-health status of adolescents in the group of muscle index P75 were 30.3%, 19.0%, and 10.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=522.03, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school(OR=2.55), high school(OR=2.27), male students(OR=1.15), muscle index Conclusion There is a correlation between the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents and the muscle strength index. The higher the muscle strength index, the lower detection rate of mental sub-health.