Objective To understand the current status of Oncomelania hupensis snails and the change rules,so as to pro?vide the evidence for formulating the snail control strategy. Methods The data of snails were collected and the factors influenc?ing the changes of snail status were investigated,and all the data were analyzed in Hailing District from 2007 to 2014. Results There were 18 environments with snails in 17 villages of 3 townships in Hailing District from 2007 to 2014. The snail area was 7.832 4 hm2. Among these environments and snail areas, 6 environments and 2.134 5 hm2, snail area were detected by the village snail investigation groups, and 12 environments and 5.697 9 hm2 snail area were detected by the township snail investigation groups. In addition, in 5 non?endemic villages, 3.126 3 hm2 snail area was found. In 2008, 2012 and 2013, a total of 2.274 0 hm2 snail area was found again. Conclusions In recent years,the snail situation rises again after schistosomiasis transmission has been interrupted. Therefore,this situation should be paid attention to.

High-consuming group is a special group which has good economic base, differmental culture and relgional belif customs. These patients alwanys need high quality medical service. How to integrate with these characteristics and make the nursing model of making patients' belife, moral ideas respcted, and rights proteded is a difficult problem. The author put forward we should rule nurse staff' s ethics and actions, provide a medical envionment from which can meet high-consuming patients physical and mental needs.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Hailing District ,Taizhou City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective prevention and control strategy. Methods The network reports, questionnaires and epidemic reports of imported malaria cases in Hailing District from 2010 to 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results From 2010 to 2015,totally 46 cases of imported malaria were reported,including 40 cases of falci?parum malaria(86.96%),4 cases of ovale malaria(8.70%),1 case of quartan malaria(2.17%)and 1 case of multi?infection of falciparum malaria and tertian malaria(2.17%). No seasonal trend of time of the disease onset was observed. All the patients were return abroad with clear residence histories in malaria epidemic areas. The average time from disease onset to definite diag?nosis was 2 d and 8 patients were definitely diagnosed within 24 h. All the 46 patients were cured. Conclusion All the malaria cases reported were imported cases in Hailing District in the last five years. Effective prevention and control measures are the key to the malaria elimination.

Objective To determine the mercury in seven kinds of algal plant drugs.Method The mercury in the samples was determined by the atomic fluorescence spectrometry after been digested by microwave.Results The detection limit of mercury was 0.045?g?L~(1).The relative standard deviation was 1.65% and the average recovery was 97.77%.Conclusion The method had the advantages of simple operation,higher precision,higher sensitivity and repeatability and was suitable for the determination of mercury in the algal plant drugs.

Objective To understand the needs and suggestions of respiratory medicine specialist nurses training, in order to provide some basis for the establishment of training mode of respiratory medicine specialist nurses. Method Using objective sampling method, we interviewed 12 students of different seni-ority , qualifications , title in the first session of training of nurse specialist in department of respiratory medicine of Chongqing, using qualitative research methods to analyze the data of the interview. Result Respondents had unified opinion on the curriculum setting, conditions of the training base, the requirements of core competence of junior nurses in department of respiration, but there existed differences about the length of service of the students . And the length of service of the teachers needed further discussion . Conclusion The opinions of the respondents collected provide reference for the establishment of training mode of nurse specialist in department of respiratory medicine. However, the students' opinions on the estab-lishment of the training standards are not uniform, which is worth further discussion.

Objective To observe the MSCT features of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis,and to investigate its effect on the prognosis.Methods 60 patients with invasive pulmonary tuberculosis were selected as the study subjects.The gold standard was in sputum culture and histopathology.The clinical value of MSCT in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated.The distribution and morphological characteristics of the lesions in the invasive pulmonary tuberculosis were observed and analyzed.The patients were divided into the treatment group and the death group.The morphological changes of lung lesions were compared between the two groups.Results In 60 patients,a total of 45 patients with invasive pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed,MSCT of infiltrating pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive rate,negative predictive rate,correct rate,misdiagnosis rate,missed diagnosis rate,diagnostic accordance rate were 93.3%,80.0%,93.3%,80.0%,73.3%,20.0%, 6.7%,90.0%,respectively.On the lung multiple patchy shadow,real change shadow,multiple nodules,cavity shadow, on the unilateral lung syndrome,and branch sign and halo sign is the main sign of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis. Before treatment,MSCT signs of deterioration of chest between the treatment group and death group had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the proportion of effusion lesions in the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with before and during the same period of treatment(37.5%vs 76.9%;3.1%vs 92.3%),the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =5.750,16.541,all P<0.05).After 8 weeks of treat-ment,the proportions of effusion,nodules and cavity lesions in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the deteriorated group(3.1% vs 92.3%;0.0% vs 15.4%;6.2% vs 38.5%),the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =16.541,5.152,7.302,all P<0.05).Conclusion Morphological changes of MSCT in invasive pulmonary tuberculosis have certain characteristics.In the diagnosis,differential diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of invasive pulmonary tuberculosis,MSCT has high value.

Objective To investigate clinical value of povidone -iodine disinfection for prevention of postpartum endometritis and abdominal incision infection in cesarean, to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods 160 cases of puerpera women were selected, all of them underwent uterine segment cesarean section. According to the digital table,they were divided into control group and observation group,80 cases in each group.In the observation group previous cesarean group remained untreated 30min before cesarean vaginal experiments 0.4%povidone-iodine for disinfection.The maternal postpartum endometritis incidence,abdominal incision infection rate, visual analogue scale,leukocyte index WBC,erythrocyte sedimentation rate index ( ESR) ,C-reactive protein ( CRP) were compared in the two groups.Results There were 32 cases of postoperative endometritis,12 cases (15.00%) occurred in the observation group, 20 cases ( 25.00%) occurred in the control group, the overall incidence of endometritis between the two groups had statistically significant difference (χ2 =5.945,P=0.025);endometritis 5cases (17.86%) premature rupture of membranes occurred in the observation group,the control group had 10 cases (31.25%),the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =6.565,P=0.009).Postpartum WBC,ESR,CRP in the observation group were significantly lower compared to the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t=5.045,P=0.007;t=7.945,P=0.001;t=8.676,P=0.000).In the observation group,postoperative abdominal incision infection rate was 3.75%,compared with the control group,there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.021, P=0.124).The VAS score of the observation group was (3.94 ±0.74),which was significantly lower than (6.25 ± 1.05) of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=6.331,P=0.010).Conclusion Previous cesarean vaginal povidone-iodine disinfection is effective in preventing postpartum endometritis,but can't help to low abdominal incision infection or improve wound healing.

BACKGROUND:With the in-depth study of cancer stem cels, increasing evidence has shown that cancer stem cels are the reason for cancer metastasis and recurrence, and therefore it is of great significance to isolate and identify cancer stem cels that can elucidate the pathogenesis of cancer and development of anticancer drugs.
OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture gastric cancer stem cels and then to detect its biological characteristics.
METHODS: Cancer tissues from 16 patients with gastric cancer were cultured using adherent method and enzymic digestion methods to isolate gastric cancer stem cels. The cel morphology was observed under inverted microscope to drawn out growth curves. Osteogenic and adipogenic ability of cels were also detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gastric cancer stem cels were isolated successfuly by both two methods. Under the microscope, the cels were fusiform- or polygon-shaped. At confluence, the cels grew in a vortex or radial manner. The cel growth curve showed that 1-3 days were latent period, 4-9 days were logarithmic growth phase, and over 10 days were growth plateau phase. Flow cytometry results showed that passage 3 gastric cancer stem cels highly expressed CD90, CD29, CD44, but lowly expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. After osteogenic induction, calcified nodules were clearly visible in the gastric cancer stem cels at passage 3; after adipogenic induction, bright and tiny fat droplets were seen in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that cancer stem cels exist in the gastric cancer tissues, and have similar morphology, biological property and multipotent differentiation ability to normal cels, which are probably involved in gastric cancer occurrence and development.

The standard of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature metadata is the technological basis and premise of the TCM resource administration and sharing. This paper studied the TCM literature metadata design condition by defining the object of description and discussing the necessity of TCM literature metadata preliminary. It put forward metadata framework structure and element extension principles so as to carry out the specific design work. In order to enhance the practicability of metadata, two means of expression including system table and metadata dictionary were designed with special provisions on description detail rules of metadata dictionary. The design principle of TCM literature metadata was summarized. The issue of balance between accuracy and entirety was considered in the metadata designing.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) represent a typical group of rare diseases with high mortality and disability with regard to long-term outcome.Saving life and improving quality of life of the patients with PID remain to be the responsibility of the stakeholders from all aspects of the society.As the central player in the long run of PID campaign,pediatric immunologists should play a critical role in providing key epidemiological data in favor of political decision-making and social resource distribution.