The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) occurs in up to 90% of ophthalmological surgeries,while most of the clinicians consider the performance of OCR is just bradycardia and arrhythmia and therefore ignore other system manifestation such as oculorespiratory reflex( ORR) and oculo-emetic reflex(OER),and so on.OCR appears not only in ophthalmological surgeries,and it also occurs during the endoscopic sinus surgery.A unstable bradycardia associated with stimulation of the mandibular division of cranial nerve V during trigeminal neuralgia pain treatment is also reported.This phenomenon is mostly introduced only as clinical manifestations.Therefore,it is helpful for us to understand the essential characteristic of OCR.The embryonic,anatomy,physiology and electrophysiology were reviewed in this article and thought to term it as oculovagal reflex is more comprehensive.

The establishment of cerebral collateral circulation is a secondary compensatory mechanism after cerebral ischemia.The expression of endogenous angiogenic growth factors is up regulated,angiogenesis and arteriogenesis are initiated,and the establishment of collateral circulation is accelerated after cerebral ischemia.Some drugs may promote the establishment of collateral circulation after ischemic stroke and improve the prognosis of patients.

ObjectiveTo develop the group intelligence scale for Military Personnel ( Part B),and examining its reliability and validity of the scale.MethodsFollowing the intellectual shock theory,crystal and fluid intelligence theory,the group intelligence Scale for Military Personnel (Part B) had been constructed,which including two subscales,each subscale was divided into two subtests.The data was collected in 1200 military personnel who were chosen by random cluster sampling,then employing SPSS17.0 and AMOS7.0 for item analysis,reliability and validity,analysis of confirmatory factor.Resultsthe subtests' average index of difficulty was 0.55 ( 0.42 ～0.75 ) ; Discrimination index was 0.44 (0.33 ～ 0.52) ; the test-retest reliability between subtests and total scale ranged from 0.796 to 0.891 ; Cronbachs'a coefficient ranged from 0.619 to 0.892; and the split-half reliability ranged from 0.538 to 0.844; exploratory factor analysis revealed that four factors of the scale (including normal knowledge and generalizability,insight and word explain,picture completion and figure inference) could explain 59.067％ of total variance.Furthermore,analysis of confirmatory factor indicated that the four factors model established in the present study fitted the sample data well.ConclusionThe item analysis,reliability and validity of the newly developed group intelligence scale for military personnel (part B) can meet the basic requirements of psychometrics.

Objective To determine the value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting the primary origin of cancer of unknown primary (CUP).Methods A total of 48 patients (age range 41-82 years,mean age of 57±16 years, 20 females) were retrospectively selected. All patients were diagnosed as CUP and were examined by 18F-FDG PET-CT scan.The patients were divided into cervical lymph node metastasis group (28 cases) and extra-cervical lymph node metastasis group (20 cases) according to different metastasis site.Sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET-CT to detect primary tumor site was compared between these two groups.Results 18F-FDG PET-CT detected primary tumors in 32 of 48 patients (66.7 ％), the cervical lymph node metastasis tumors in 22 of 28 patients (78.6 ％), and extra-cervical lymph node metastasis tumors in 10 of 20 patients (50.0 ％).There was significant difference between cervical lymph node metastasis group and extra-cervical lymph node metastasis group (x2 =4.286,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT has a high sensitivity to detect primary origin of CUP,especially for patients with cervical lymph node metastasis.

Objective: To explore the Influence of ethics education on ethical beliefs of dual relationship of trainees who attend training of psychological consultation.Methods: Use of questionnaire,written and directed by "psychological counseling and treatment of ethical issues questionnaire(trainee attending psychological consultation training)" as a tool to evaluate,within the framework of Guangdong 368 trainees to investigate.Results: Compared with two groups of trainees,in refer to the ethical beliefs of dual relationship,the latter group who has a higher option of "not sure" shows varying degrees of decline in most of the items in the questionnaire.Two teams of trainees reach an identity of 80% or more(10 items in total) in the ethical judgment of dual relationship(choose "not").Two groups show significant differences in judging 5 items of the entries(p

According to the overview of historical development of ethical research in psycho-counseling and psycho-therapy in developed countries,this paper aims to summarize the research experience and outcome,in order to promote related Chinese ethical research based on China's realistic situation.

Mechanical ventilation plays an important role in the treatment of preterm infants,especially respiratory problems.With improvement in both antenatal and neonatal care and therapeutic strategies,premature babies are surviving more than ever.However,the incidence of bronchpulmonary dysplasia remains high which affects the clihical outcomes of premature infants.Non-invasive respiratory support techniques have been used in attempts to decrease lung injury and the complications of preterm infants.This review will focus on various ventilation modalities for managing preterm infants with respiratory failure and lung protective ventilation strategies to minimize lung injury in preterm infants.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ/CD26,EC 3.4.14.5),a transmembrane serine polypeptidase,is widely distributed and has diverse effects.As a dipeptidase,DPP-Ⅳ/CD26 could not only regulate the activity of many peptide hormones,neuropeptides,cytokines and growth factors via its peptidase function,but also mediate cell-matrix and cell-cell contact through interactions with other molecules or proteins as a surface antigen.DPP-Ⅳ/CD26 plays a regulatory role in immune activation,inflammation and tumorigenesis.This review covers the structure,distribution,physiological functions and changes in pathological state of Dpp-Ⅳ/CD26.

Objective:To investigate the thoughts and the methods of clinical pharmacists in the individual continuous renal re-placement therapy ( CRRT) anticoagulation treatment for severe patients. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the CRRT anti-coagulation treatment for one patient with severe thrombocytopenia after aortic dissection surgery. Clinical pharmacists analyzed the cau-ses of thrombocytopenia and the coagulation function of the patient to exclude heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and developed the treatment of supplementing platelets and regional citrate anticoagulation as the way of CRRT. Results:Three days after the treatment, the patient was changed to the general ward with normal renal function. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should participate in clinical treatment comprehensively and perform individual treatment for patients in order to ensure the effect and safety of medication.

BACKGROUND: Studies on encapsulated whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori are stil at the exploration stage. There is limited literature concerning the preparation process andin vitro release characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulated with whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVE:To explore the preparation process andin vitrorelease characteristics of chitosan microspheres encapsulating whole cel protein antigen ofHelicobacter pylori. METHODS: Precipitation method was used to prepare chitosan microspheres, and the best preparation process, matching and encapsulation time were screened. Under electron microscope, the morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed. Chitosan microspheres were used to encapsulateHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen, and BCA method was used to determine encapsulation efficiency, encapsulation content and release efficiency in vitro of Helicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Final concentration of 1% glacial acetic acid, sodium sulfate as crosslinking agent, pH=5.0, with no pulverization when the crosslinking agent was added was the best preparation process for chitosan microspheres. Electron microscopy showed the smooth surface morphology of microspheres with roundness and good dispersion, and the majority of the microspheres were 1-5 μm in diameter. The encapsulation efficiency ofHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen microspheres was 80.4%, the encapsulated amount was 16.4%, and total 48-hour release rate was 19.4%.Helicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen microspheres showed an overal slow release status. Chitosan microspheres show good encapsulation efficiency and amount ofHelicobacter pylori whole cel protein antigen, and Helicobacter pylori total bacteria protein antigen microspheres show an overal slow release status.