Ankle sprains are orthopedic clinical common disease, accounting for joint ligament sprain of the first place. If treatment is not timely or appropriate, the joint pain and instability maybe develop, and even bone arthritis maybe develop. The mechanism of injury of ankle joint, anatomical basis has been fully study at present, and the diagnostic problem is very clear. Along with the development of science and technology, biological modeling and three-dimensional finite element, three-dimensional motion capture system,digital technology study, electromyographic signal study were used for the basic research of sprain of ankle. Biomechanical and kinematic study of ankle sprain has received adequate attention, combined with the mechanism research of ankle sprain,and to explore the the biomechanics and kinematics research progress of the sprain of ankle joint.
Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; Ankle Joint ; physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Sprains and Strains ; physiopathology

Atherosclerosis,as a chronic inflammatory vascular disease,involves many cellular and molecular events in its formation and progression from an early fatty streak lesion to a highly dangerous rupture-prone plaque.The vulnerability or destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques is closely associated with plaque composition.Such imaging modality as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which allows of the evaluation of the plaque composition at the cellular and molecular level,may differentiate vulnerable and destabilized plaques and monitor the efficacy of antiatherosclerotic therapies.This paper gives an overview of molecular imaging strategies currently used for targeting the inflammation markers of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the content determination of hesperidin in Shuhouyin. Methods Chromatographic assay was performed on CenturySIL C18-AQ (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) column at room temperature. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (21∶79). The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was at 284 nm. The sample size was 20 ?L. Results Good linear relationship of hesperidin achieved in the range of 1.004～10.04 ?g. The average recovery rate was 98.59% with RSD=0.72%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and stable with good reproducibility. This method can be used for determination of hesperidin in Shuhouyin.

Objective:To observe the roles of p50 protein in pathologic responses of cerulein(CR)pancreatitis in mice deficient in p50 protein of NF-?B.Methods:Pancreatitis was induced by i.p.injection of 50?g/kg CR.The express and compensation of p65,p50 and cRel proteins of NF-?B,NF-?B activity were measured using electromobility shift assay;parameters of pancreatitis,eg,amylase,lipase and trypsin were evaluated.The apoptosis,necrosis and caspase-3 activity were observed.Results:p50 knockout(KO)mice had no p50 protein expression and increased p65 and cRel proteins expression.p50 KO mice's NF-?B activity decreased and apoptosis increased in pancreatitis compared with wild type(WT)mice.There was no caspase-3 activition in both mice before and after pancreatitis.All KO mice had an increased necrosis and amylase,lipase,trypsin activity compared with WT mice in pancreatitis.Conclusions:The results indicated that NF-?B p50 genetic deletion might attenuate cerulean induced pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of l of Zengshi oral liquid. METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was employed for the qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and schisandra chinensis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for the determination of chrysophanol in Zengshi Oral Liquid. RESULTS: The quality standard of Zengshi oral liquid could be established through qualitative determination of the Lycium barbarum,Cassia obtusifolia and Schisandra chinensis.The linear range of Chrysophanol was 0.083～0.416?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.38% and the RSD was 1.72%. CONCLUSION: The established standard can be used for the quality control of Zengshi oral liquid.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic features of Fagopyrum tataricum total flavonoids. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were intragastrically given single dose of 80 mg F.tataricum total flavonoids (with content of quercetin at 1.2% and the content of eldrin at 24.7%). HPLC-UV spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total quercetin in the hydrolyzed plasma samples. RESULTS:Taking the total quercetin as the index of the pharmacokinetic features of the F. tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUC0→t:(9.92?1.49)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(10.81?1.86)?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(1.07?0.19)?g?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of the F.tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs conforms to two-compartment model,and the concentration-time curves are characterized by multiple peak pharmacokinetics.

AIM: To study the changes of hippocampal ne uronal microenvironment and alterations of excitatory amino (EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) in extracellular fluid (ECF) in different time after t hrombotic cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. METHODS: The model of focal thrombotic cerebral ischemia was ind uced by photochemistry-technology in tree shrews. Hippocampal ECF was collected b y microperfusion. pH, PCO 2, PO 2 and HCO 3- were analyzed by blood gas ana lyzer, and Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA were measured by high-performance liquid chrom atography (HPLC)-PITC technology after occlusion. RESULTS: The contents of Asp, Glu, Gly and GABA in hippocampal E CF increased, and pH, PO 2 and HCO 3- decreased after photochemical induced cerebral ischemia in tree shrews. There were significant differences between ish emic group and sham group (P

Lactate is considered a dead-end product of glycolysis.Its generation and accumulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis,and it is related to the poor prognosis of tumor.But recent studies have found,tumor cells can also uptake and utilize lactate.With the recent advances in tumor metabolism and gene therapy,lactate is a potential therapeutic target in tumors.

The causes of iatrogenic injury in choledo-cho-pancreatico-duodenai junction include iatrogenic factors, anatomic factors and pathological factors. T-tube, methylthionine chloride and fiber choledochoscopy are useful methods for early diagnosis. Accurate exploration of the injury site and reasonable choice of management were significant in dealing with the iatrogenie injury and can lead to a satisfactory result. Choledo-chojejunostomy and Oddi sphincteroplasty are not recommended unless the patients had distal bile duet stricture or the stones can not be removed. Accurate detection of the injury site, evaluation of the severity, and proper choice of the surgical method are important for the prognosis of the patients.

As a tool, cholelithiasis animal models have become an important platform for pathogenetic, preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic research. As biliary calculus formation has a close relationship with dysfunction of hepatic and biliary systems, inability of lipid metabolism homeostasis and impairment of immunologic barriers, increasing studies have been carried out with the use of animal models in these fields. Animal genetic susceptibility to cholelithiasis has greatly attracted people's attention in recent years and cholelithiasis animal models have been used in Chinese traditional medicine development and authentication. Furthermore, reports on invasive and traumatic research have been published in which large animal models were used. It is supposed that technical progress and scientists' demands would result in wide application of more kinds of cholelithiasis animal models.