As an essential part of modern medical service,pharmaceutical care gains more and more attention in the field of medication. The goal of pharmaceutical care is to effectively control rational administration of drugs, improve the therapeutic efficacy and avoid adverse drug reactions.Pharmacology,as the key basis of pharmacy,directly determines the level of pharmaceutical care.Therefore,development of pharmacology,especially for the clinical pharmacology,plays an important role in enforcing capability of clinical pharmacists.In this article,we summarized the functions of medical care in medical practice based on the Chinese medication.Authors described the relationship of pharmacology and medical care in the medication for cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic diseases. Authors proposed that the rational drug administration under the guidance of pharmacology is the core point to evaluate the quality of clinic pharmaceutical care,and the final goal of which is to increase the benefit of medication and guide the training of pharmacists in China.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of invigorating spleen, clearing heat and eliminating stasis drugs on QOUH of gastric mucosa and expression of EGF and EGFR in rat model of gastric ulcer. Methods The rat model of gastric ulcer was constructed by injection of acetic acid. The rats were randomly divided into model group, ranitidine group, invigorating spleen group, clearing heat group, eliminating stasis group, complex prescription group and normal control group. The ulcer index (UI), regenerate mucosal thickness, lamina muscularis mucosal width were observed by HE, and the level of EGF was detected by ELISA. The expression of EGFR in the mucosa around the ulcer was detected by SABC kit immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with model group, the regenerate mucosal thickness, lamina muscularis mucosae defect width and UI in invigoraing spleen, clearing heat, elimianting stasis and complex prescription groups were different significantly (P

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)plays an important role in the regulation of normal immune system.The altered activ-ity of serum ADA could associate with some autoimmune diseases(AID).Various studies abroad have found the elevated ac-tivity of serum ADA compared with healthy controls in many kinds of AID such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis(RA),et al (P<0.05).Many studies foused on the correlation of altered activity of serum ADA with the disease severity,but there is still controversy.To explore the diagnostic value of serum ADA in AID,make a review a-bout the application research progress of ADA in several AID.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of 20 young and middle-aged patients with bronchial foreign bodies who were hospitalized because of unknown lung shadow. Methods The clinical data of 20 confirmed cases, including history of aspiration, imaging examination results, bronchoscopy findings and therapeutic process were retrospectively analyzed. The outcome of bronchial foreign body granuloma in the airway was observed. Results ⑴100%of the 20 patients with an average age of (46.39±3.26) years were misdiagnosed before bronchoscope examination. (2) The results of chest CT showed that the 20 patients had bronchial stenosis or obstruction with pulmonary consolidation or atelectasis, of which 18 cases were on the right side and 2 on the left side. (3) According to the shape and size of the foreign bodies as well as the length of time of aspiration, the bronchial openings were blocked by foreign bodies in 10 patients, and the foreign bodies were taken out by foreign body forceps. The diagnosis was confirmed in 3-6 (average 4.40±0.92) months in 10 patients. Four patients were obstructed by foreign bodies and granulation tissue, which took 5-12 (average 8.25±2.86) months to diagnose, while in 6 cases, masses were found in tracheal cavity, which took 6-15 (average 10.17±2.85) months to diagnose. The latter 10 (4+6) patients were treated with endotracheal intubation to remove foreign bodies and granulation tissue. (4) After 24-72 hours of treatment, the symptoms of cough, expectoration and blood in the sputum were relieved, and no severe complications occurred in 20 patients. (5) About two weeks after bronchial foreign bodies were removed, the granulation tissue disappeared. Conclusion Foreign body aspiration on the right side is more common in the 20 young and middle-aged patients, and bronchoscope is the best means of diagnosis and treatment.

Gui-Ling-Ji (GLJ), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the only existing compound of refining agent after 400-year testing. It is also one of 4 kinds of TCM secret varieties of the first batch after liberation. However, due to the lack of in-depth modern research, the magical effect of GLJ has not been fully understood and the clinical application has also been influenced. This article analyzed the situation and problems of secret varieties and GLJ. Experiences and strategies of the successful redevelopment of secret varieties were re-ferred to. Then, this paper proposed modern research thoughts of GLJ in order to realize the actively protection and the second development of the prescription.

In order to improve the efficiency of drug screening on serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors, a high-throughput screening (HTS) model is established in RBL-2H3 cells. The RBL-2H3 cells are very similar to the serotonin genetic neuro, in modulation of post-receptor mechanisms and transduction pathway of SERT reactivated. Depending on a fluorescence substrate ASP+ used in detection method of inhibitor rates, it's convenient, quick, accurate and effective, not making the environmental biohazard compared with radioactive experiments. Furthermore, biological screening model combined with computer aided virtual screening technique describing high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). Bayesian classification method and molecular fingerprint similarity were applied to virtual screening technique, for screening compounds in compound library. Some compounds have been found, and then validated further by biological screening model. Combination of HTS and HTVS improves the efficiency of screening SERT inhibitors.

A double targets of high throughput screening model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers was established. In the reaction system of xanthine oxidase, WST-1 works as the probe for the ultra oxygen anion generation, and product uric acid works as xanthine oxidase activity indicator. By using SpectraMax M5 continuous spectrum enzyme sign reflectoscope reflector, the changes of these indicators' concentration were observed and the influence factors of this reaction system to establish the high throughput screening model were studied. And the model is confirmed by positive drugs. In the reaction system, the final volume of reaction system is 50 μL and the concentrations of xanthine oxidase is 4 mU x mL(-1), xanthine 250 μmol x L(-1) and WST-1 100 μmol x L(-1), separately. The Z'-factor of model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors is 0.537 4, S/N is 47.519 9; the Z'-factor of model for superoxide anion scavengers is 0.507 4, S/N is 5.388 9. This model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers has more common characteristics of the good stability, the fewer reagent types and quantity, the good repeatability, and so on. And it can be widely applied in high-throughput screening research.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) in pediatrics.MethodsA total of 131 non-duplicate clinical isolates of K.pneumoniae were collected in the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics from 2010 to 2012.PMQR genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr and qepA], mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes in those strains were analyzed by PCR.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different antibiotics against those K.pneumoniae strains were determined by broth microdilution method and E-test according to the guidelines issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Transferability of the PMQR genes was examined by conjugation test with the sodiumazide-resistant Escherichia coli J53.Results Among the 131 isolates, 9.92% were resistant to quinolone and 30.5% were positive for PMQR genes, including 6.87% harboring qnrB gene, 22.9% harboring qnrS gene and 4.58% harboring aac(6′)-Ⅰb-cr gene.Neither qnrA-positive nor qepA-positive strain was detected.Among these PMQR genes-positive isolates, 90% were ESBLs-producing strains and two presented mutations in gyrA and parC genes.Conjugation test showed that these PMQR genes could be transferred horizontally and the ciprofloxacin resistance increased 2 to 32 folds in transconjugants.Conclusion This study indicates that the PMQR gene-carrying rate is high in K.pneumoniae strains isolated in paediatrics in China.Most of the PMQR gene-positive strains are also ESBLs-producing strains.The PMQR genes could be transferred horizontally in bacteria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamic changes in urine metabolic profiles in rats induced by D-galactose (D-Gal),and to study the correlations between the differential metabolites and behavior indicators using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabonomics.METHODS Subcutaneous injection of D-Gal 100 mg· kg-1 for 10 weeks was adopted in the model group.The sample of urine was collected at day 0 (dO),d14,d28,d42,d56 and d70.NMR metabonomics technique was used for acquisition of data,which was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.The ability of learning and memory were measured by Morris water maze test from d70.After the behavioral test,the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that there was considerable difference between the model group and the normal control group at d70.According to the varible importance plot (VIP) calculation and S-plot scores,a total of 12 metabolites were screened and identified as potential biomarkers at d70.The differences of metabolites and Morris water maze test were subjected to correlation analysis,and the results showed that the levels of choline,lactate and dimethylglycine in the model group were significantly increased and negatively correlated with the times of crossing the platform (r =-0.90,-0.50 and-0.52;n=10).Formate was significantly negatively correlated with the time spent in the target area (r =-0.51,n=10),but choline and formate were significantly positively correlated with the escape latency (r =0.72 and 0.53;n=10).However,the levels of creatine and taurine decreased in the model group,which was significantly positively correlated to the times of acrossing platforms (r =0.89 and 0.71;n=10),while alanine was significantly positively correlated to the time spent in the target area(r =0.74,n=10).Taurine,alanine and creatine were significantly negatively correlated with the escape latency (r =-0.66,-0.50 and-0.85;n=10).The correlations between the differential metabolites and the behavioral indicators were further proved.CONCLUSION The metabolic profile changes in urine from D-Gal induced aging model rats are significantly correlated with impairement of ability in learning and memory.1H-NMR metabonomics in urinary metabolic profile changes may be used as an evaluation index in the D-Gal induced aging rats model.

Objective:To investigate the main clinical features of critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1) influenza virus pneumonia, and the relationship between airway secretions and cardiopulmonary pathology change with continuous hypoxemia. Methods: The retrospective analysis was made in critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza virus pneumonia admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit(RICU). Twenty-four patients were all administrated antiviral drugs (oseltamivir 75/150 mg Bid). Twenty of them were subjected to application of hormonal therapy, and 6 of them with mechanical ventilation. Results: The average age of 24 patients was (48.25±19.73) years old. Fifteen of them were pregnant women, obesity and who suffered from chronic underlying diseases. The main symptoms of them were progressive shortness of breath, cough and myalgia. It was found by X-ray that 22 patients(91.67%) had multiple lung consolidation shadow. After admission, airway secretions were collected, and the protein concentration of which was 34.1-37.7 g/L in 5 cases. The concentration of l-lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was 792-1 890 U/L. White blood cell count was (0.722-1.470)×10~9/L, included 0.21-0.44 neutrophils, 0.111-0.560 mononuclear cells, 0.027-0.110 eosinophils, 0.018-0.054 basophils. Pathological changes of these patients were hyaline membrane formation, alveolar cavity collapse, myocardial cell degeneration and focal myocardial necrosis. Intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed in 6 cases, 5 of them dead and the mortality rate was 20.83%. Conclusion: The lung pathological damages were increased LDH and protein in airway secretions, and increased count of inflammatory cells. Effect of mechanical ventilation was not satisfied in part of patients who had diffuse lung consolidation in X-ray, and the related complications leaded to exacerbation or death in part of them.