Objective To investigate the role of ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord in reduction of neuropathic pain (NP) by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.Methods Fifty male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (S group),chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group,acupuncture at acupoint group (EA group),acupuncture at non-acupoint group (NA-EA group),and ERK inhibitor U0126 group (U0126 group).NP was induced by CCI in groups CCI,EA,NA-EA and U0126.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.EA (intensity ＜ 1.5 mA,frequency 2Hz) of Zusanli and Yanglingquan lasting 30 min was performed once a day for 6 days starting from 4th day after induction of NP in group EA.EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli and Yanglingquan on the operated side in group NA-EA.Intrathecal U0126 5 μg was started on 4th day after induction of NP twice a day for 6 consecutive days.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI (T0,baseline) and at days 3,5,7 and 9 after CCI (T1-4).The rats were sacrificed on 10th day after induction of NP and the right lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was significantly shortened,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in the other 4 groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with CCI group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolenged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was downregulated in EA and U0126 groups (P ＜ 0.01),and no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in NA-EA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with EA group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of P2X3 receptor protein and mRNA,and p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in U0126 group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord is involved in reduction of NP by EA at Zusanli and Yanglingquan.

With the development of laboratory medicine,more and more biomarkers have been discovered and applied in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction.For patients with suspected myocardial infarction,early diagnosis and timely treatment can save endangered myocardium and reduce fatality rate to a great extent.The proper use of biomarkers is of important value in preventing cardiovascular events and improving prognosis.This paper reviews the recent literature on new biomarkers in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction,introduces the characteristics of these markers and their clinical diagnostic value.

Objective To evaluate CT manifestations and pathologic findings of thyroglossal cyst.Methods CT manifestations,clinical materials and pathological findings of 12 cases with thyroglossal defined by pathology were analysed.Results Of 12 cases,the the lesions were located at the center line of the neck in 8 cases and at left of the neck in 4 cases.The cysts were round or oblate in shape on CT scans.In 5 cases the walls of cyst were smooth and no enhanced;while in other 7 cases the cystic walls were coarse and enhanced evidently which there were infiltration of inflammatory cell microscopic examination.The nodules at cystic wall which were composed by blood vessel,striated muscle and connective tissue on pathology could be seen on CT scans while if these nodules were minor,they could hardly to be showed by CT.Conclusion CT can make a proper diagnosis of thyroglossal cyst.

Based on research of the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM), the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and the related public websites of acupuncture educational institutions, the first hand information was studied, summarized and sorted on the status quo of the educational qualification or the relative authentication of education programs of ACAOM as well as the status of professional qualification and examination of NCCAOM. The education curriculum of the Master degree of Acupuncture, Master degree of Oriental Medicine Science as well as the Doctor degree of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine were also introduced in this article including student enrollment and graduation in recent years. The developing tendency of the federal unified acupuncture education, management, professional qualification and examination system of U. S. A. were discussed and analyzed as well.
Acupuncture ; education ; manpower ; organization & administration ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Certification ; Humans ; United States

This article discussed the problems in teaching medical imaging from such aspects as teaching contents,methods,conditions and teacher cultivation on the basis of our teaching practice.

A total of 20 patients with massive hemorrhage for pelvic fracture, underwent angiographic embolization with gelfoam sponge embolization agents in 3-8 hours after admitted at the Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January 2001 and August 2003 were selected. The patients aged ranged from 18-70 years (mean 43.4-year-old), including 12 male and 8 female. Conduits were inserted into the internal iliac artery embranchment of 8 cases with method of ultraselection, and gelfoam sponge grain and contrast medium were injected together. Conduits combined with gelfoam sponge grain and contrast medium were inserted into 12 cases’ pathic internal iliac artery bole. The whole 20 cases were performed endovascular embolization, and blood pressures turned to normal level after operation gradually without serious complications of embolization. One case died of deterioration after blood pressure stabilization. The result reveals that anglo-graphic embolization with gelfoam sponge embolization agents is a safe, quick and effective method of controlling the severe hemorrhage caused by pelvic fracture.

Ojective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of conformal radiotherapy on metastatic hepatic cancer. Methods 10 cases of metastatic hepatic cancer (1 to 5 metastatic focus respectively) were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy from Septermber 1997 to April 2000. The clinical target volume(CTV) of tumor ranged from 0.6cm 3 to 232cm 3 (the mean 41.9cm 3), peripheral irradiation doses of planning target volume (PTV) ranged from 3.96Gy to 7.00Gy(the mean 5.26Gy)each time, cential irradiation doses of PTV were 6.3Gy～10.88Gy (the mean 7.89Gy) each time, once a day for 5～8 times totally. Results No patient died during therapy. KPS of patients normal condition were 20～90(54?25.90) before treatment and 30～100 (74?23.90) after treatment. Effect of entity tumor were as follows completely relaxed (CR) in two cases, partly relaxed (PR) in four cases, no change (NC) in three cases, progressed (PD) in one case. During follow-up period tasting 2 to 28 months 90% of the tumors were controlled (no progressive disease). 60% fo the tumors decreased in size or disappeared. Conclusions Stereotactic radiotherapy has better therapeutic effects on cases of metastatic hepatic cancer.

Objective To study the self-identity and security of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Methods According to the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorder,Third Edition,63 inpatients and outpatients with OCD and 61 healthy controls were recruited to investigate with self-identity scale(SIS),security questionnaire (SQ),Yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS),and self-made questionnaire.Results Compared with controls,patients had lower self-identity (50.81 ± 7.52 vs 55.10 ± 6.86,P ＜ 0.01)and security(50.09 ± 11.65 vs 58.87 ± 10.22,P ＜ 0.01)than healthy controls.Female patients had lower self-identity (48.31 ±7.68 vs 52.57 ±6.98,P＜0.05) than male patients.There were correlation between self-identity and Y-BOCS (r =-0.404,P ＜ 0.01),security and Y-BOCS (r =-0.314,P ＜ 0.05),self-identity and course of disease (r =-0.284,P ＜ 0.05),security and course of disease (r =-0.259,P ＜ 0.05) self-identity and security (r =0.698,P＜ 0.01) Conclusion OCD patients have lower self-identity and security.The self-identity and security reduce with the symptoms getting worse.Low self-identity and security maybe characteristic of OCD patients.

Objective To detect clopidogrel effect with light transmission aggregometry (LTA)and flow cytometry (FC). Methods ①Venous blood samples were taken from 71 inpatient with acute corotary syndrome (ACS)in PLA General Hos-pital,including unstable anqina,ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarc-tion (46 males,25 females)by random number table from June 2011 to March 2012,whose average age was 69(57~92).②All of them were served 160 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel after they were in hospital in the beginning,and then served with 75 mg/d clopidogrel for 6 months.On some day,firstly,they were required withdrawing drug for 10 days,and then ve-nous blood samples were separately taken from them before their served-clopidogrel again and their severd-clopidogrel 2 hours later.③The samples were assayed with LTA and FC simultaneously and the platelet aggregation rates before served-clopidogrel (ADPLTA-before serving ),platelet aggregation rates after served-clopidogrel (ADPLTA-after serving ),inhibition rates (ADPLTA-INDU ),PAC-1 activity percentage before served-clopidogrel (PAC-1 before serving ),PAC-1 activity percentage after served-clopidogrel (PAC-1 after serving ),inhibition rates (PAC-1 INHI ),CD62p activity percentage before served-clopidogrel (CD62pbefore serving ),CD62pactivity percentage after served-clopidogrel (CD62pafter serving ),inhibition rates (CD62pINHI )weregotten.All volunteers were signed informed consents and the experiment was approved by the hospital ethics committee.Re-sults ①The paired samples t-test was (t=-2.082,P =0.041)between ADPLTA-before serving (0%~97%)and ADPLTA-after serving (12%~97%),the paired samples t-test was (t = 3.663,P < 0.01)between PAC-1 before serving (15.1% ~ 78.9%)and PAC-1 after serving (14.5% ~ 78.3%);the paired samples t-test was (t = 2.082 and P = 0.041)between CD62pbefore serving (1.5% ~80.8%)and CD62pafter serving (1.4%~41.4%).②The pearson coeffcient correlation results were:ADPLTA-INDU (0%~28.2%) and PAC-1 INHI (0.6%~ 9.1%)(r = 0.297,P = 0.012);ADPLTA-INDU (0% ~ 28.2%)and CD62pINHI (0.1% ~ 48.5%)(r =0.220,P =0.065);PAC-1 INHI (0.6%~9.1%)and CD62pINHI (0.1%~48.5%)(r=0.736,P <0.001).Conclusion Because the correlation was bad between the inhibition rates of clopidogrel detected by FC and them by LTA,FC didn’t apply to clin-ical routine examination of the platelet aggregation.But it could be used to scientific researchs and auxiliary confirmation of routine examination results.

Objective To study factors associated with necrosis and calcification of cyst echinococcosis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 191 cases of hepatic cycstic echinococcosis admitted from 2005 to 2008 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Department of General Surgery, possible relevant factors screened were the patients' gender, age, operation frequency, hepatitis, gall stones, calcium of blood serum, multiple hepatic hydatid cyst, biliary fistulae and hepatic cycstic echinococcosis degeneration. Single-factor analysis and multi-factors analysis were conducted. Results The single-factor independent samples t-test showed that age is significantly related to hepatic cycstic echinococcosis degeneration (t = - 2. 455, P = 0. 008). Single factor Chi-square test showed that factors impacting on hepatic cycstic echinococcosis degeneration were multiple hepatic hydatid cyst and the biliary fistulae (x2 = 6. 848, P = 0. 009; x2 = 7. 149, P = 0. 008). The multiple-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, the multiple hepatic hydatid cyst, and biliary fistulae are the related risk factors(x2 =5. 306,P = 0. 021,OR = 1. 665;x2 = 10. 377,P =0. 001,OR =3. 300;x2 = 4.455,P =0. 035, OR =2. 164) of hepatic cycstic echinococcosis patients with cyst echinococcosis degeneration. Conclusions Age, multiple hepatic hydatid cyst and biliary fistulae are the risk factors associated with degenerative necrosis and calcification of hepatic echinococcosis.