Objective To compare biocompatibility and safety of six implantation prosthesis. Methods Subcutaneous implantation of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate prosthesis (CSHP), silica gel prosthesis(SGP), non crosslinked sodium hyalurorate prosthesis (NCSHP), carboxy methycel prosthesis (CMCP), hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel prosthesis (HPAGP), injectable hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (IHPAG) was performed in 12 beagle dogs.Local reaction of surrounding tissues of the transplants were observed with HE and Van Gieson stains after the transplantation at 14, 30 and 90 days, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years. Results The most serious reaction was observed in NCSHP, CMCP and HPAGP, moderate reaction in CSHP and SGP and mild reaction in IHPAG. Van Gieson staining showed that collagenous fibrous capsule around implanted prosthesis was formed from 30 days to 2 years .The component and arrangment of the capsule were different among the defferent prosthesis, but changed with time. Shrinkage of the capsules was found in NCSHP, CMCP and HPAGP, and contraction occurred two years later. The capsules formed by CSHP and SGP had no contraction after two year implantation. IHPAG capsule was still soft and elastic after 2 years. Conclusions SGP is one of the best material for breast enlargement with a good biocompatobility and soft capsule. IHPAG is a new filling material with mild inflammatory reaction and thinner and softer capsule. CSHP should be improved further because its molding effect is not gratified. Both the biocompatibility and molding effect of NCSHP, CMCP and HPAGP are not gratified and further modification is needed.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc in colorectal cancer,colorectal adenomas and normal colorectal mucosa tissues,and demonstrate its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods The specimens were taken from colorectal cancer tissue of 86 patients,colorectal adenomas tissue of 60 patients,and 40 normal colorectal mucosa tissue.The expressions of Pokemon and c-myc protein were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc gene were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The correlation between the expressions of Pokemon and c-myc,and clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of Pokemon and c-myc protein in colorectal cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in colorectal adenomas tissue and normal colorectal mucosa tissue:69.8％ (60/86) vs.13.3％ (8/60) and 5.0％ (2/40),73.3％ (63/86) vs.15.0％ (9/60) and 2.5％(1/40),and the expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc gene in colorectal cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in colorectal adenomas tissue and normal colorectal mucosa tissue:0.915 ±0.247 vs.0.358 ±0.102 and 0.277 ±0.085,1.272 ±0.360 vs.0.398 ± 0.153 and 0.255 ±0.097,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc gene in colorectal cancer tissue had a close correlation with the degree of infiltration,histological differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and Dukes stage,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05),but had no correlation with the sex,age,and tumor diameter (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc are higher in colorectal cancer tissue,and the expressions are related to the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer.The expression levels of Pokemon and c-myc may predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective To explore the expression of COX-2,PD-ECGF and VEGF in gastric carcinoma tissue,and analyze and identify the relationship between the expression and tumor angiogenesis together with biological behaviour in gastric carcinoma.Methods ElivisionTM immunohistochemical method was performed to detect the expression of COX-2,PD-ECGF,VEGF and CD34,and evaluate the value of MVD in surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens and biopsy tissues under gastroscope,including normal gastric mucosa tissues, metaplasia tissues and gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia tissues. Clinicopathologic data of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results The positive expression of COX-2, PD-ECGF,VEGF and MVD in gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than those in normal gastric mucosa, metaplasia or gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia,and also their expression and MVD were closely related to lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion. The MVD in the groups of COX-2,PD-ECGF,VEGF positive-expression were significantly higher than those in negative-expression groups respectively. There were positive correlations among the expression of COX-2,PD-ECGF and VEGF in gastric carcinoma. MVD increased significantly when COX-2, PD-ECGF and VEGF coexpressed. Conclusion The expression of COX-2,PD-ECGF,VEGF and tumor angiogenesis participated in the genesis,invasion and metastasis of human gastric carcinoma.COX-2,PD-ECGF and VEGF participated in the tumor angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma. In the process of tumor angiogenesis and expression in gastric carcinoma, COX-2, PD-ECGF and VEGF could strengthen the effectiveness each other.They could strengthen the effective ness of tumor angiogenesis when they coexpressed. They could be selected as targets for tumor anti-angiogenesis treatment.

Objective To study the correlation between microvessel density (MVD),isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation and the malignancy of glioma,and its clinic significance.Methods The data and specimens of 40 patients with gliomas confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected.The relation between IDH1 mutation (detected by genetic sequence),MVD (detected by immunohistochemical coloration) and the malignancy of glioma was explored.5 cases of normal human brain tissues were used for comparative study.Results In normal brain tissue,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ glioma,MVD counts were 8.12±1.64,25.10±1.27,27.00±1.98,42.80±10.75 and 56.50±5.23,respectively,and the overall difference was statistically significant (H =35.42,P ＜ 0.05).The MVD counts in low-grade glioma (Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and high-grade glioma (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) were 23.94±8.03 and 45.54±8.19,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t =-8.369,P ＜ 0.001).No mutation was found in normal human brain tissue,while in 20 cases of glioma specimens,there was IDH1 mutation with R132 as the mutation site and a MVD count of 31.11±13.47,and the other 20 cases of glioma specimens experienced no IDH1 mutation and the corresponding MVD count was 40.54±12.11.The difference of MVD counts of low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma was statistically significant (t =2.328,P=0.025).Conclusion MVD can be used as one of the histopathological grading metrics for glioma.IDH1 mutation occurs more frequently in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas with R132 as the mutation site.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of NB09 (China Pediatric Neuroblastoma cooperative group 09) protocol on children with high-risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastoma. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of pa?tients who suffered from high-risk (n=7) and ultra-high risk (n=31) neuroblastomas and admitted in Tumor hospital of Tian?jin Medical University between January 2009 to January 2013 were retrospectively reviewed (27 boys and 11 girls). The age at diagnosis was 19-160 months (median age was 36.5 months). In the high risk group, patients were evaluated and operated after 4 to 6 circles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In ultra-high risk group, patient received chemotherapy before and after op?eration, then autologous stem cell transplantation and tumor bed radiotherapy. After chemotherapy, retinoic acid treatment was given to patients in ultra high risk group as in high risk group. Results At the end of treatment, 25 patients achieved complete remission; 5 patients achieved partial remission; 3 patients were in stable disease;5 patients were deteriorating in their conditions which lead to 2 deaths. In total, the response rate reaches upto 86.8%. By the end of follow up, 15 patients had a disease-free-survival, 9 patients survived with tumor, 7 died from recurrence and 7 died from deteriorating conditions. Survival time ranged from 6 to 52 months (median survival 25.5 months). The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival were 91.7%, 64.5%and 57.3%respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test showed no statistical significance between high risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastomas. Conclusion The outcome of NB09 protocol for high risk and ultra-high risk neuroblastoma was preliminary affirmed. It is worthy of further clinical verification.

Objective To compare the effect of thin-sliced enhanced CT scanning and 3D-DSA data sources in the 3 D printing data reconstruction of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM ). Methods Five patients with AVM were selected prospectively,3 were Spetzler-Martin grade II and 2 were grade III. Two of them used 256-slice spiral CT thin slice enhanced scanning. Three used the 3D-DSA rotating imaging,and the DICOM raw data of the examination results were extracted. Digital processing was performed by using the Mimics software,and the 3 D printing was performed according to the ratio of 1∶1 obtaining the solid model and the effects were compared. Results Using the data source 3 D printing of 256 slice spiral CT thin-slice enhanced scan could obtained skull and blood vessel image information and could reveal the smallest diameter of 0. 9 mm vessel,however,the fine branch structures of the vessel were difficult to distinguish. The 3D printing based on 3D-DSA data,although the digital subtraction did not have the skull data information,the vascular branches showed more abundant. It could reveal the smallest diameter of 0. 9 mm vessel. Conclusions Using the CT thin-slice enhanced scan or 3D-DSA data source can obtain reconstruction images of AVM nidus,and 3D-DSA shows that the better effect for spatial structure of AVM nidus. It is helpful to the design of preoperative treatment scheme and the development of corresponding auxiliary tools.

OBJECTIVETo construct a three-dimensional (3D) liver model of Wuzhishan mini-pig for virtual liver surgeries.

METHODSThe biliary tree and hepatic arteries of Wuzhishan mini-pig were perfused with perchloroethylene and ethyl acetate along mixed with lead oxide, and the hepatic vein and portal vein were perfused with a mixture of dental base acrylic resin and lead oxide. The sectional images were acquired using a 64-slice spiral CT, and the 3D models of the portal vein, hepatic vein, biliary tree, hepatic arteries, and liver parenchyma were reconstructed using Mimics software; the resection image of the liver was also designed. The intrahepatic vascular cast was prepared by corroding the soft tissue with hydrochloric acid.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONThe intrahepatic vascular cast obtained fully retained the vascular architecture and displayed the fifth- and sixth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the third- and fourth-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model of liver allowed stereoscopic and accurate display of the third- and fourth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the second- and third-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model showed fewer branches but represented the structural distribution identical to the cast. The 3D model could clearly display the spatial relationship between the vasculature and the soft tissue in virtual resection of the liver tissues, and thus provides a useful model for training of laparoscopic liver resection.

Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatic Veins ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver ; anatomy & histology ; Models, Anatomic ; Portal Vein ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetic polymorphisms of 10 short tandem repeats loci (D6S1043, D7S3048, D9S925, D10S2325, D11S2368, D14S608, D15S659, D17S1290, D20S470 and GATA198B05) in Tibetans from Lhasa, China.

METHODSFollowing extraction, DNA from 208 unrelated Tibetan individuals was amplified with a self-designed multiplex PCR system. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer and analyzed with GeneMapper®3.2 software.

RESULTSThe distributions of genotype for the 10 STR loci in the population were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism information component for the 10 loci was 0.750-0.860, the degree of heterozygosity was 0.726-0.865, the discrimination power was 0.919-0.968, and the probability of exclusion was 0.470-0.725. The combined probability of exclusion and combined discrimination power was 0.9998 and 0.999 999 999 997, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAbove STR loci have high probability of exclusion and discrimination power, which can be used as candidate markers for population genetic research and forensic practice for Tibetans from Lhasa, China.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective:To investigate the difference in efficacy between transsylvian-transinsular approach and transcortical-transtemporal approach for hematoma evacuation in the treatment of severe basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults.Methods:Young adult patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia region underwent craniotomy hematoma removal in Ankang Central Hospital from February 2012 to February 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was used to evaluate the outcome at 6 months after onset. 4-5 were defined as good outcome and 1-3 were defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of the poor outcomes. Results:A total of 51 patients were enrolled. Their median age was 41 (interquartile range 39-43) years, and 29 were men (56.8%). The median Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission was 6.0 (interquartile range 5.5-7.0), and the median baseline hematoma volume was 38.0 ml (34.5-47.5 ml). Twenty-one patients (41.2%) were in the transsylvian-transinsular approach group and 30 (58.8%) were in the transcortical-transtemporal approach group. There were no significant differences in demographics, vascular risk factors and baseline clinical data between the transsylvian-transinsular approach group and the transcortical-transtemporal approach group. Compared with the transcortical-transtemporal approach group, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and hematoma residue in the transsylvian-transinsular approach group were less, the proportion of patients requiring decompressive craniectomy was lower (33.3% vs. 63.3%; χ2=4.449, P=0.035), and the duration of dehydration medication and hospital stay were shorter (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the good outcome rate between the two groups (66.7% vs. 56.7%; χ2=0.518, P=0.472). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower scores of Glasgow Coma Scale at admission (odds ratio 0.128, 95% confidence interval 0.017-0.977; P=0.047) and longer hospital stay (odds ratio 1.402, 95% confidence interval 1.065-1.844; P=0.016) were independently associated with the poor outcomes. Conclusion:For young adult patients with severe basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent hematoma removal, although there was no significant difference between the outcomes of patients with transsylvian-transinsular approach and transcortical-transtemporal approach, the former had more advantages.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3D) liver model of Wuzhishan mini-pig for virtual liver surgeries. Methods The biliary tree and hepatic arteries of Wuzhishan mini-pig were perfused with perchloroethylene and ethyl acetate along mixed with lead oxide, and the hepatic vein and portal vein were perfused with a mixture of dental base acrylic resin and lead oxide. The sectional images were acquired using a 64-slice spiral CT, and the 3D models of the portal vein, hepatic vein, biliary tree, hepatic arteries, and liver parenchyma were reconstructed using Mimics software;the resection image of the liver was also designed. The intrahepatic vascular cast was prepared by corroding the soft tissue with hydrochloric acid. Results and Conclusion The intrahepatic vascular cast obtained fully retained the vascular architecture and displayed the fifth-and sixth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the third-and fourth-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model of liver allowed stereoscopic and accurate display of the third- and fourth-level branches of the hepatic vein and portal vein and the second- and third-level branches of the artery and bile duct. The 3D model showed fewer branches but represented the structural distribution identical to the cast. The 3D model could clearly display the spatial relationship between the vasculature and the soft tissue in virtual resection of the liver tissues, and thus provides a useful model for training of laparoscopic liver resection.